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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Grade impact investigation during stopping sight distance determination on 3D road environment
    Autorzy:
    Mavromatis, Stergios
    Matragos, Vassilios
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141132.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
    Tematy:
    stopping sight distance
    3D road environment
    grade
    Opis:
    In the present research, Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) adequacy is assessed through a three-dimensional approach, which associates road visibility in terms of grade effect. SSD adequacy is controlled through the difference between the available and the required SSD. The research is focused on a right turned, two lane rural road, associated with a crest vertical curve for a given speed value. The road design is in accordance with the Greek Road Design Guidelines (OMOE-X, 2001) by utilizing the control design parameters for a design speed of 80km/h and a wide range of grade values, where the vertex point of the crest vertical curve is positioned at fixed points along the road axis. The investigation is based on a vehicle speed exceeding the design speed by 20km/h. In total 1874 cases of compound alignments were examined and the results revealed that the available sight distance is decreasing while grade increases. The vehicle speed on the tangent sections was proved unacceptable in terms of providing SSD adequacy. However, it was found that SSD adequacy is granted when the vertical vertex falls inside the circular arc of the curve’s horizontal alignment, while the optimum area is defined shortly before the horizontal vertex point.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2021, 6, 1; 72-80
    2520-2979
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Empirical modeling of the relationship between decision sight distance and stopping sight distance based on AASHTO
    Autorzy:
    Bassan, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224006.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sight distance
    stopping
    maneuver
    speed
    deceleration
    decision
    odległość
    zatrzymanie
    manewr
    prędkość
    zmniejszenie prędkości
    Opis:
    The paper introduces implementation of highways' stopping sight distance (SSD) and decision sight distance (DSD) based on AASHTO modeling assumptions. SSD characterizes the necessary distance for highway vehicles to stop safely in front from an obstacle. SSD is a function of vehicle speed, perception reaction time, deceleration rate, and grade based on AASHTO and most highway design international guidelines. The deceleration rate which is assumed constant (3.4 m/sec2) based on AASHTO 2011 is generally controlled by the friction coefficient depending on the road surface conditions. A driver's demanded deceleration rate may not exceed the range of friction coefficient according to various pavement conditions. Although SSD is generally sufficient to allow skilled and alert drivers to the stop their vehicles under regular situations, this distance is insufficient when information is difficult to comprehend. A DSD should be provided in highways geometric design when the driver is required to detect an unexpected or difficult to perceive information source. Interchanges (specifically exit ramps) and intersections, and required changing in driver direction of travel, changes in the basic cross section such as toll plaza, lane drop, are typical scenarios where driver needs DSD in the safety manner. The introduction of the two sight distance types (SSD and DSD) is a perquisite for empirical modeling of the relationship between DSD and SSD. The modeling refers to DSD for rural highways, suburban roads, and urban roads based on AASHTO models. Specifically the paper covers DSD three avoidance maneuver types of stopping (types A, A1, B) and three maneuver types of speed, path, and direction changing (types C,D, E) for the three roadway categories. The major parameters that control these avoidance types are pre-maneuver times, and pre-maneuver plus maneuver times. The empirical relationship proposed in this study simplifies the process of evaluating the decision sight distance based on stopping sight distance record, based on AASHTO models, without the need of strenuous estimation of the DSD model maneuver and deceleration parameters. Such a simplified correlation has not been found in the literature except a rough approximation documented in the British highway design guidelines.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2018, 48, 4; 7-25
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pożądane zmiany w przepisach technicznych dotyczących dróg
    Desire changes in technical regulations for roads
    Autorzy:
    Suwara, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145026.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    drogi
    przepisy techniczne
    zmiany
    odległość widoczności na zatrzymanie
    roads
    technical regulations
    changes
    stopping sight distance
    Opis:
    Przepisy techniczne dotyczące dróg opracowane były na podstawie doświadczeń sprzed dwudziestu lat. W tym czasie nastąpił znaczący postęp technologiczny zarówno w zakresie dróg jak i pojazdów. Nowe doświadczenia i badania naukowe wykonane w różnych krajach upoważniają nas do zrewidowania i uaktualnienia przepisów. W szczególności wydaje się pożądane zrewidowanie zapisów dotyczących odległości widoczności na zatrzymanie aby projekty drogowe uczynić tańszymi i bardziej efektywnymi.
    Technical regulations for roads were prepared on the base of experience before twenty years ago. Significant technological progress in both roads and vehicles has been done since that time. New experience and research made in various countries authorize us to revise and up-date the regulations. In particular, revision of stopping sight distance seems to be desired in order to make the road projects cheaper and more efficient.
    Źródło:
    Drogownictwo; 2017, 12; 393-396
    0012-6357
    Pojawia się w:
    Drogownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sight distances at unsignalized intersections: a comparison of guidelines and requirements for human drivers and autonomous vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Magyari, Zsofia
    Koren, Csaba
    Kieć, Mariusz
    Borsos, Attila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    intersection
    sight distance
    autonomous vehicle
    speed
    gap acceptance
    skrzyżowanie nieoznaczone
    odległość widzenia
    pojazd autonomiczny
    prędkość
    Opis:
    Many traffic accidents are caused by unforeseen and unexpected events in a site that was hidden from the driver's eyes. Road design parameters determining required visibility are based on relationships formulated decades ago. It is worth reviewing them from time to time in the light of technological developments. In this paper, sight distances for stopping and crossing situations are studied in relation to the assumed visual abilities of autonomous vehicles. Current sight distance requirements at unsignalized intersections are based among others on speeds on the major road and on accepted gaps by human drivers entering or crossing from the minor road. Since these requirements vary from country to country, regulations and sight terms of a few selected countries are compared in this study. From the comparison it is remarkable that although the two concepts, i.e. gap acceptance on the minor road and stopping on the major road have different back-grounds, but their outcome in terms of required sight distances are similar. Both distances are depending on speed on the major road: gap sight distances show a linear, while stopping sight distances a parabolic function. In general, European SSD values are quite similar to each other. However, the US and Australian guidelines based on gap acceptance criteria recommend higher sight distances. Human capabilities and limitations are considered in sight field requirements. Autonomous vehicles survey their environment with sensors which are different from the human vision in terms of identifying objects, estimating distances or speeds of other vehicles. This paper compares current sight field requirements based on conventional vehicles and those required for autonomous vehicles. Visibility requirements were defined by three vision indicators: distance, angle of view and resolution abilities of autonomous cars and human drivers. These indicators were calculated separately for autonomous vehicles and human drivers for various speeds on the main road and for intersections with 90° and 60° angles. It was shown that the required sight distances are 10 to 40 meters shorter for autonomous vehicles than for conventional ones.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2021, 59, 3; 7-19
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elements of perfect order rate research in logistics chains
    Autorzy:
    Jacyna-Gołda, Ilona
    Kłodawski, Michał
    Lewczuk, Konrad
    Łajszczak, Marcin
    Chojnacki, Tomasz
    Siedlecka-Wójcikowska, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223482.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sight distance
    decision
    stopping
    maneuver
    speed
    deceleration
    logistics chains
    order rate research
    ocena stanu zamówienia
    łańcuch logistyczny
    Opis:
    Perfect order rate (POR) is one of the superior measures of the logistics processes quality. POR is at the top of the hierarchy of key performance indicators (KPI) in supply chain and is considered as difficult to define and measure. Perfect order rate is composed of sub-measures touching technical, economic, quality and safety aspects of logistics processes. POR directly defines what the organization considers to be the perfect implementation of its tasks (and thus sets goals for the organization) and, secondly, measures the degree of achievement of these goals. The paper defines the concept of perfect order rate by including new elements to classic definition, so far rarely considered in the literature: possibility of order implementation according to standard procedures in organization and safety aspects. The concept of logistics chain and the impact of its functioning on the POR value have been defined. The picking and replenishment processes were discussed in detail as the basic elements affecting the quality of logistics processes and the value of POR. Next, the issues of logistic processes safety in warehouse facilities were discussed. The large intensity of warehouse operations along with their mechanization and automation very often leads to many hazards in warehouses and logistics chain. These hazard are usually related with warehouse workers safety. However, they can also lead to various delays or downtime in the material flows, as well as damage or reducing the quality of materials. So it was assumed that safety aspects can influencing the value of POR in the logistics chain. Due to conducted research and compiled reports indicate that many accidents in the warehouse are associated with the forklifts use as equipment for material handling. Therefore, in paper main attention was paid to hazards related with forklifts, warehouse safety speed, etc.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2019, 49, 1; 25-35
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowe wytyczne projektowania odcinków dróg zamiejskich
    New design guidelines for segments of rural roads
    Autorzy:
    Olszewski, Piotr
    Szagała, Piotr
    Dąbkowski, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057804.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    wytyczne projektowania dróg
    drogi zamiejskie
    prędkość do projektowania
    strefa bezpieczeństwa
    widoczność na zatrzymanie
    geometria drogi
    road design guidelines
    rural roads
    design speed
    safety zone
    stopping sight distance
    road geometry
    Opis:
    W artykule opisano projekt nowych wytycznych projektowania odcinków dróg zamiejskich. Powstał on jako efekt pracy wykonanej przez międzyuczelniane konsorcjum na zlecenie Ministerstwa Infrastruktury. Przedstawione zostały główne kierunki proponowanych zmian oraz najważniejsze elementy nowych wytycznych, takie jak prędkość do projektowania, strefa bezpieczeństwa, minimalna odległość widoczności na zatrzymanie, kształtowanie przekroju poprzecznego, planu i profilu drogi oraz jej wyposażenie.
    The paper presents proposed new Polish guidelines for designing segments of rural roads. The guidelines were commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and prepared by a consortium of technical universities. The main proposed changes concern the following aspects: design speed, safety zone along the roadway, minimum stopping sight distances, parameters for shaping the road geometry and alignment as well as roadside equipment.
    Źródło:
    Drogownictwo; 2021, 1; 17--23
    0012-6357
    Pojawia się w:
    Drogownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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