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Wyszukujesz frazę "sex differences" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Różnice w emocjonalności kobiet i mężczyzn a style radzenia sobie ze stresem
Differences between women’s and men’s emotionality and styles of coping with stress
Autorzy:
Kornaszewska-Polak, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
Tematy:
emotion
stress
sex differences
marriage
Opis:
Presented article includes three psychological phenomena: emotions, stress and interpersonal differences. The article reveals relationships among these phenomena in the context of sex differences. It was hypothetically assumed that there are statistically important differences between women and men concerning the choice of stress coping strategy and that these differences could be caused by different emotions. The results of statistical analysis confirmed the hypothesis and showed that women cope with stress by seeking social support, taking responsibility and escape-avoidance more often than men. Men cope with stress by self-control and distancing more often than women. Different structure of dominant emotions can be the main cause of differences between women and men in their choice of coping strategy. Women experienced high level of anxiety, neuroticism, high emotional reactivity and high level of situational control. Men experienced high level of psychoticism, emotional resistance and high level of emotional expression control. Two types of emotionality were based on separated differences: famine – defined as emotional commitment and masculine – defined as emotional distance.
Źródło:
Family Forum; 2012, 2; 133-163
2084-1698
Pojawia się w:
Family Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Success and Failure Influences Hopeful Thinking in Polish Women and Men Differently
Autorzy:
Trzmielewska, Weronika
Brzóska, Pawel
Zięba, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
state hope
goal-pursuit
sex differences
Opis:
In Snyder’ theory the construct of hope is central to successful goal attainment. The present studies aimed to examine whether the experience of success versus failure in goal pursuits influence state hope, as was found in previous research. In Study 1, the participants completed a scale assessing current hopeful thoughts, and recall and describe successful, or unsuccessful goal pursuits. Then they again completed the state hope scale. In Study 2, the participants were instructed to complete two measures, assessing current hopeful thinking, and self-esteem. Then, they performed anagram tasks—representing easy, mixed, or difficult levels of difficulty, in which they respectively succeed, perform neutrally, or fail, or were assigned to control condition (the participants were sitting only). Next, they filled in the same two scales. In Study 1, state hope increased in the respondents who recalled successful goal pursuits, and decreased in those who recalled unsuccessful goal pursuits. However, this effect was moderated by gender: thinking about success increases state hope only in men, whereas thinking about failures decreases state hope just in women. In Study 2, those who experience failure experienced a decrease in state hope. However, such an effect was found only in women.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2022, 25, 2; 137-155
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EMPATYZOWANIE – SYSTEMATYZOWANIE. TEORIA SIMONA BARONA COHENA
EMPATHIZING – SYSTEMIZING. SIMON BARON-COHEN’S THEORY
Autorzy:
Izdebski, Paweł
Bąk, Agnieszka
Żbikowska, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/564807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
systematyzowanie, różnice międzypłciowe
empathizing, systemizing, sex differences
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych założeń teorii empatyzowania – systematyzowania Simona Barona-Cohena (empathizing – systemizing theory). Jest to jedna z nowych teorii, która opisuje i wyjaśnia różnice międzypłciowe. Wywodzi się ona z psychologii ewolucyjnej, rozwojowej, a także z psychopatologii. W niniejszej publikacji zostaną ponadto przedstawione najistotniejsze badania potwierdzające jej założenia.
The objective of this article is to present the basic assumptions of the Simon Baron-Cohen’s Empathizing – Systemizing Theory. This is one of the latest theories describing and explaining sex differences. It is rooted in evolutionary and developmental psychology, and also in psychopathology. The article reviews the most important research supporting the assumptions of the theory.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2014, 14, 1; 5-14
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ja relacyjne-współzależne: pomiar i psychologiczne korelaty
The relational-interdependent self-construal: measure and psychological correlates
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
empathy
measurement
relational-interdependent self
sex differences
Opis:
The article describes the relational-interdependent self-construal scale, as well as its psychometric characteristics and psychological correlates. It is the measure, which has been adapted to Polish conditions. The relational-interdependent self-construal scale measures individual differences in the tendency to include close others in the self. The measure was first introduced by Cross, Bacon & Morris (2000). The items were created on the basis of the definition of relationalinterdependent self-construal and earlier studies. 1579 people participated in the studies aimed at conducting exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Results indicate that the relational-interdependent self-construal scale consists of 9 items that form one factor. The measure is reliable and valid. There are gender differences in relational self-construal – women obtain higher scores. The relational- interdependent self-construal scale is positively associated with empathy (especially empathic concern and perspective taking), agreeableness (and to some extent with extraversion), communal values (those important for interpersonal relations, mostly with security, universalism, conformity and benevolence), and with satisfaction with romantic relationship. Relational-interdependent self-construal is not significantly associated with global self-esteem.
Źródło:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne; 2012, XVII, 1; 27-43
1642-1043
Pojawia się w:
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Różnice w poziomie agresywności polskich kobiet i mężczyzn w różnym wieku
Differences in aggression in Polish men and women in different age groups
Autorzy:
Rytel, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-02-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
aggression
sex differences
The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire
Opis:
This paper aims at exploring differences in levels of aggression of men and women in different age groups (10 to 79 years). Additionally, it provides information on psychometrie characteristics of Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (Amity version) by age. Sexual selection theory proposes that sex difference in physical aggression are due to greater male than female competition for reproduction which leads males to use more risky strategies. In line with the theory, the largest divergence between men’s and womens physical aggression was observed in the age group 16-22. The differences were smaller in both younger and older age groups. The results seem to support the theory of sexual selection, but their validity should be further confirmed on larger samples, in particular, with a bigger share of older individuals (above 55 years old).
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2011, 1, 11; 65-80
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Who uses Tinder?: The Dark Triad traits, attachment, and mate value
Autorzy:
Jonason, Peter
Bulyk, Rachel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tinder
psychopathy
narcissism
machiavellianism
attachment
mate value
sex differences
Opis:
Modern dating life has been changed with the advent of smartphone-based applications like Tinder. One way to identify who uses these applications is to compare the personality traits of users to non-users. In two brief studies (N = 581) we compared Tinder-users to non-users in individual differences associated with short-term mating (i.e., psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism [the Dark Triad traits], and anxious attachment) and mate value. We revealed that the men who were Tinder users were especially high in psychopathy and narcissism and women who were Tinder users were especially high in anxious attachment and rated themselves as unsuccessful in finding relationship partners. While exploratory in nature, we suggest that men who are characterized by antisocial traits may use Tinder for opportunistic mating goals whereas women who have struggled to find relationships may use Tinder as a compensatory mating tactic.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2019, 1, 19
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences in male and female lower extremity joint kinematics during walking
Różnice w kinematyce stawów kończyn dolnych podczas chodu u kobiet i mężczyzn
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Karolina
Domżalski, Marcin
Stolarczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-28
Wydawca:
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie
Tematy:
biomechanical analysis
walking
sex differences
analiza biomechaniczna
lokomocja
różnice płciowe
Opis:
Introduction: Men and women are claimed to walk differently- with modern techniques we are able to quantify gait parameters and establish whether those perceived dissimilarities are supported by precise measurements. Creating separate normative values for men and women may help in gait disturbances diagnosis, prevention and therapy. Objectives: We review available studies on normal locomotion in adult men and women, to clarify if there is scientific evidence to create separate normative values of normal gait according to gender. Methods: Potentially relevant articles were identified with an electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct. Combination of keywords ‘gait’, ‘sex’, ‘gender’, ‘men’, ‘women’, ‘male’, ‘female’ were used. Articles were included if they met following criteria: article was written in English, the article contained information about non-pathological subjects, the study analyzed biomechanics of walking, the article compared metrics of both sexes, the study included data for adults. If additional papers were identified from cited references and met the inclusion criteria they were incorporated into the catalog of references. Results: The inclusion criteria was met by 12 articles. After reviewing abstracts and full-text articles 8 were included and 4 were excluded due to not applying common gait biomechanics parameters or studying gait biomechanics for purposes not connected to the review’s topic. Conclusions: There are differences between males’ and females’ gait kinematic values for coronal plane pelvis and hip movement and possibly in sagittal plane ankle movement. Creating separate normative values is recommended.
Wprowadzenie: Sposób chodu kobiet i mężczyzn jest od dawna postrzegany jako różny, jednak stosunkowo niedługo istnieje możliwość wykonania dokładnych pomiarów dających precyzyjne informacje na temat tych różnic. Stworzenie oddzielnych przedziałów norm chodu dla kobiet i mężczyzn mogłoby pomóc w diagnostyce, profilaktyce i terapii zaburzeń lokomocji. Cel: Praca przedstawia przegląd dostępnej literatury na temat chodu zdrowych dorosłych kobiet i mężczyzn, w celu wykazania czy istnieją naukowe podstawy do stworzenia oddzielnych przedziałów wartości norm dla chodu w zależności od płci. Metody: Przeszukano elektroniczne bazy danych PubMed, Web of Science i Science Direct stosując hasła ‚gait’, ‚sex’, ‚gender’, ‚men’, ‚women’, ‚male’, ‚female’. Kryteria włączenia obejmowały: artykuł był dostępny w języku angielskim, artykuł zawierał informacje dotyczące osób zdrowych, w badaniu analizowano biomechanikę chodu, w badaniu porównywano wartości dla obu płci, badanie obejmowało osoby dorosłe. Jeżeli w piśmiennictwie wyszukanych prac pojawiały się artykuły spełniające kryteria włączenia były one dołączane do przeglądu. Wyniki: Kryteria włączenia spełniało 12 prac. Po przejrzeniu abstraktów, a następnie pełnych tekstów pozostawiono 8 prac, 4 wyłączono ze względu na nie stosowanie powszechnych parametrów biomechanicznych lub badanie biomechaniki chodu do celów innych niż temat przeglądu (badanie ortez). Wnioski: Istnieją różnice w parametrach kinematycznych kobiet i mężczyzn podczas chodu dla miednicy i stawu biodrowego w płaszczyźnie czołowej i prawdopodobnie w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej dla stawu skokowego. Zalecane jest stworzenie oddzielnych przedziałów norm dla kobiet i mężczyzn.
Źródło:
Medical Rehabilitation; 2019, 23(3); 39-46
1427-9622
1896-3250
Pojawia się w:
Medical Rehabilitation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does Hope in Mind Influence People’s Problem-Solving Performance?
Autorzy:
Trzmielewska, Weronika Daria
Rak, Tomasz
Wrześniowski, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
state hope
goal-oriented thinking
problem-solving performance
sex differences
Opis:
Hope is often treated as a priceless human value anchored in goal-related cognitions. The experiment aimed to investigate whether current hopeful thinking is related to problem-solving performance and how induced goal-oriented thinking influences this problem-solving process. Participants (N = 410) were asked to recall and describe their successful or unsuccessful goal pursuit and complete a scale assessing current hopeful thinking. Subsequently, participants were instructed to (1) think about actions that would be taken to solve the societal problem (i.e., an insufficient number of volunteers in Social Welfare Centers) and (2) describe these actions. In general, people who recalled successful events felt more hopeful than those who recalled unsuccessful events. State Hope was positively correlated with both the quantity (i.e., the total number of solutions) and quality (i.e., usefulness) of participants’ offered solutions. No interaction between State Hope and type of conditions with solution quantity or solution quality was found. State hope, however, interacted with the type of recalled goal pursuit when sex differences were considered. More hopeful women had a better solution quality when they recalled an unsuccessful goal pursuit. For men, a similar pattern was found when they recalled a successful goal pursuit. Lastly, the findings were discussed in light of Snyder’s Theory of Hope.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2022, 53, 1; 23-31
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self - presentation attractiveness in social and intellectual sphere in threat to self situations among women and men of different self-esteem
Atrakcyjność autoprezentacji w sferze społecznej oraz instrumentalnej w sytuacji zagrożenia ja u kobiet i mężczyzn o różnej samoocenie
Autorzy:
Stojanowska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-08-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
attractiveness of self-presentation
self-esteem
threat to self
sex differences
Opis:
The purpose of experimental research was establishing the role of self-esteem and kind of threat for self-presentation attractiveness in social sphere and intellectual among women and men. Research carried out in group of 120 persons showed that self-esteem differentiated self-presentation attractiveness to different manner among women and men. In female group, independently on situation and declared effort to express definite features, low self-esteem subjects were more attractive in social sphere than high selfesteem persons, however, they did not differ in attractiveness of instrumental sphere. Then in group of man, independently on situation, high self-esteem persons were more attractive in instrumental sphere than low self-esteem persons, but in social sphere, in neutral situation equal as well as social threats, low-self-esteem people were estimated higher than high self-esteem people. Research have showed small sex differences in range of motivation and attractiveness of self-presentation.
Źródło:
Studia Psychologica; 2011, 2, 11; 75-88
1642-2473
Pojawia się w:
Studia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osobowość ekologiczna płci - badania ankietowe
Pro environment personality of sex - survey results
Autorzy:
Grochowska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
różnice psychologiczne między płciami
środowisko
las
Sex differences in psychology
environment
forrest
Opis:
After analysing the above answers we can deduct some results, which confirm certain behaviour in girls that can be scientifically explained. A survey helped in establishing ecological consciousness and was a help in characterizing a survival persona. Looking at the answers with inclusion of two different sexes we can follow differences in the views concerning environmental protection, the survey results clearly show a difference in approach to the natural environment depending on the sex. Women more clearly see the beauty, harmony and set order in the environment. Nature astonishes them and is a guarantee of life. Analysing the survey results it is not possible not to see the differences in viewing the natural environment. Quoting Estes we can say that mature woman (surviving woman) looking at a forest sees a home for herself and other people, whilst others looking at the same forest imagine cutting down trees and making money on it. Clean environment allowing life is like air necessary to live and you can only breathe deeply with clean air. It is similar with woman’s psyche where a mechanism of full breath operates and forces her to breathe in the fresh air. The research results confirmed that girls show more concern about harmony and complexity of the natural world and definitely at every opportunity become protectors of life. So a smaller extend that boys they support technological and technical development, they do not see it as a solution to problems connected with degradation of environment. If you would like to separate pro environment personality types taking into account these characteristic for boys and girls, based on the performed survey, we can present: Rational type , scientific thinker and technocrat, consumer, which is dominant in boys answers and emotional type, esthetic environmentalist which is dominant within girls answers. Woman can show man how to admire nature, how to develop sensitivity and open ones eyes to new perspectives, whose theoretical author is often he himself. It is women who with their hearts read and introduce into life philosophical life and written theological works whose authors are men. Woman’s task is activity connected with protecting the wisdom of soul, not to accept abnormal state for normal and to hale the courage to celebrate natural forces with elements of Her soul and life, which a priceless treasure of each woman. When women do not follow their voice when intervening in unacceptable situations her views fade, her nature fades and natural world. Love fades as well as the will to repair the world and harmony with nature, The Word lacks fresh air and water, but also the voice of consciousness. Research I have performed confirmed the thesis I had made and allows to precise the desired personality characteristics, needed to shape a survival personality.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2008, 6, 1; 15-52
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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