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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corpora
    Autorzy:
    Koseska, Violetta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967225.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
    Tematy:
    contrastive studies
    online dictionary
    parallel corpora
    direct approach to semantics
    semantic interlanguage
    Petri nets
    semantic annotation
    Opis:
    Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corporaIn view of the ambiguity of the term “semantics”, the author shows the differences between the traditional lexical semantics and the contemporary semantics in the light of various semantic schools. She examines semantics differently in connection with contrastive studies where the description must necessary go from the meaning towards the linguistic form, whereas in traditional contrastive studies the description proceeded from the form towards the meaning. This requirement regarding theoretical contrastive studies necessitates construction of a semantic interlanguage, rather than only singling out universal semantic categories expressed with various language means. Such studies can be strongly supported by parallel corpora. However, in order to make them useful for linguists in manual and computer translations, as well as in the development of dictionaries, including online ones, we need not only formal, often automatic, annotation of texts, but also semantic annotation - which is unfortunately manual. In the article we focus on semantic annotation concerning time, aspect and quantification of names and predicates in the whole semantic structure of the sentence on the example of the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian parallel corpus”.
    Źródło:
    Cognitive Studies; 2014, 14
    2392-2397
    Pojawia się w:
    Cognitive Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Form, its meaning, and dictionary entries
    Autorzy:
    Koseska-Toszewa, Violetta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
    Tematy:
    language form
    meaning of a form aspect and tense
    semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness
    contrastive studies
    semantic interlanguage
    terminological dictionary
    contrastive description leading from meaning to form
    Opis:
    Form, its meaning, and dictionary entriesAs we know, a language form is a unit which plays a specific form in the language, e.g. a semantic or syntactical one. We establish the function of a form based on its use (occurrence), i.e. its relation with the meanings of other forms in speech or in a text. The meaning of a form is the value of its function. In the traditional grammar, form is opposed to its meaning. However, various grammar schools have big problems with distinguishingbetween a form and its function. For example, the present tense form has a number of basic temporal meanings in Bulgarian as well as in Polish and Russian, and in none of those languages this is only the present time, (see past, future and habituality expressed using the present tense form). It is a big mistake not to distinguish between the meanings of article in article languages. For example, in Bulgarian the same form of article canexpress both uniqueness and universality (or, respectively: definiteness and indefiniteness). In the quoted book (Koseska-Toszewa 1982), I put forward a hypothesis on the development of the meaning of Bulgarian article. In my opinion, initially the article expressed uniqueness of an element (object), and then started to express also uniqueness of a set, which later, due to equalling two completely different semantically-logical structures, i.e. structures with universal and unique quantification, lead to a homonymy and to the article expressing also universality, i.e. indefiniteness. Similarly in English, French, Rumanian or Albanian, where the same form of article can express either uniqueness or universality. This proves that the above homonymy is of a general rather than typological (e.g. Balkan) character. Naturally, in the above languages the definite article form can also express uniqueness of an object or a set, so it also expresses definiteness. Ambiguity of the definite article form is a phenomenon exceeding the area of Balkan languages, and the only Balkanism is the position of the article - speaking more precisely,its postpositiveness (postpositive position). However, that position gives us no right to treat it differently than the English or French article. In Bulgarian, Rumanian and Albanian the postpositive article is written together with the name its concerns, but it is neither a unit belonging to the root of the word nor the ending of the word.The above observations, based first of all on the semantically-logical aspects of the definiteness category, have been confirmed by the language material from the Suprasl Code, where Bulgarian article does not occur in universally quantified nominal structures, but in uniquely quantified nominal expressions, denoting satisfaction of the predicate either by one element of the sentence or by the whole set treated as the only one.It is worth stressing that distinguishing between the form and its meaning in comparing the material 6 languages belonging to three different groups of Slavic languages (as is the case in the MONDILEX Project) will allow us to avoid numeorus substantiva mistakes and erroneous conclusions. Hence dictionary entries should be verified and made uniform in that respect before they are “digitalized”... Distinction between the form and its meaning in a dictionary entry is fully possible, as shown by works of Z. Saloni (2002) and A.Przepiórkowski (2008).
    Źródło:
    Cognitive Studies; 2010, 10
    2392-2397
    Pojawia się w:
    Cognitive Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Semantyczna gramatyka kontrastywna arabsko-polska: nowe możliwości badawcze dla arabisty w XXI w.
    Semantic-based Contrastive Analysis of Polish and Arabic as a Chance for an Arabist in the 21st Century
    Autorzy:
    Król, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/578153.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne
    Tematy:
    contrastive grammar
    semantic interlanguage
    noun formation
    derivation
    Modern Standard Arabic
    Opis:
    This paper is aimed at demonstrating that semantic-based contrastive analysis of Polish and Arabic can result in a new insight into the system of Arabic. Comparing Arabic with a language that is different both genetically and structurally, one can notice features that usually escape one’s attention. Discussing the categories of names of subjects and actions, this paper demonstrates that a comparison of the descriptions of analogous categories in Polish and Arabic grammar texts allows to cover more linguistic phenomena. It classifies derivatives according to the semantic criteria and takes into account all the possible means of expression – also those ignored by previous studies. This method makes it possible to demonstrate that in Arabic the so-called paradigmatic derivation is a highly productive word-formation technique, transforming adjectives and participles (both active and passive) into names of subjects, means, actions, places, objects, results and others. This analysis can serve as an introduction to theoretical studies that will be helpful in describing the Arabic language at all levels anew. It can also have practical application in teaching of Arabic particularly at Polish universities.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Orientalistyczny; 2014, 3-4; 138-148
    0033-2283
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Orientalistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Phraseologism’ transgressive potential
    Autorzy:
    Namestiuk, Svitlana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177704.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    semantic load
    thanatological practice
    freezing
    polylingualism
    informativeness
    interlanguage translation
    syntactic axis
    Opis:
    There is a number of researches and scientific articles dedicated to phraseology, general theoretical questions still remain uncovered. Actually, phraseology is frequently presented as an applied science rather than a field of basic research. The question of phraseological units from the perspective of multilingualism and interlanguage translation is arguable. Meanwhile phraseological units carry evaluative information content, they are prone to variability, and this is where the problem of translating such an expression arises. The novelty of this research lies in the consideration of the problem of translation of phraseological units from the point of view of the «freezing» strategy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the potential for «freezing» as well as the equivalence in translating French phraseological units into Ukrainian. The tasks are to carry out a comparative analysis of phraseological units with a similar semantic load and to determine the degree of their direct translatability. It is shown by examples, at the level of interlanguage translation, that the freezing strategy when translating phraseological units can correspond to two models of constructing different meanings, creating linguistic and extralinguistic problems for translation. The correspondence and dimensions of «freezing» in translation stimulated the interest of linguists relatively recently. It was found that the interlingual translation of phraseological units generates linguistic and extralinguistic difficulties. Throughout the translation of the particular phraseological units, first of all, the semantic aspect was taken into account, and then the building was measured in close connection with the connotation. The results of the analysis of phraseological units of the described languages showed that the translation from Ukrainian far exceeds the potential for «freezing» into French language due to its peculiarities and complexity of the linguistic structure. Opportunities for practical application - the study is aimed at the prospect of new positions for comparative research on interlanguage translation.
    Źródło:
    Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe; 2022, 6(3); 67-71
    2543-9227
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefiniteness
    Autorzy:
    Roszko, Danuta
    Roszko, Roman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677031.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
    Tematy:
    contrastive studies
    interlanguage
    semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness
    Lithuanian
    Polish
    Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland
    Opis:
    Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefinitenessBasing on theoretical contrastive studies guidelines, the article defines the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness where two basic opposition meanings are being ascribed to. It also distinguishes crucial sub-meanings for this category. The category established like this constitutes a characteristic interlanguage typical of theoretical contrastive studies, which is here used as tertium comparationis for demonstrating the formal differences between Polish, Lithuanian and dialectal exponents to express particular sub/meanings. The differences demonstrated in the article are to confirm a different degree of the formalization of the category in each of the natural codes compared here. The idea of taking the local dialect of Puńsk into consideration results from a clearly visible influence of Polish and Lithuanian on the traditional dialectal system. In consequence, the dialectal system of exponents to express the meanings within the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness keeps a high degree of the traditional exponents specialization on one hand, but on the other hand, a low degree of specialization is being ascribed to some forms borrowed from Lithuanian (as a consequence of the Polish language influence), which results from the bilingualism of the Lithuanians living in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
    2392-2397
    Pojawia się w:
    Cognitive Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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