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Tytuł:
Wpływ awersji do ryzyka na wybór prawnika – interpretacja za pomocą ryzykowności w sensie Rothschilda – Stiglitza
Effect of increase in risk-aversion on the choice of a lawyer - Interpretation in the context of Rothschild-Stiglitz riskiness
Autorzy:
Dudziński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/423014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
prewencja
awersja do ryzyka
ryzykowność w sensie Rothschilda-Stiglitza
self-protection
risk-aversion
self-insurance-cum-protection riskiness
Opis:
W niniejszej pracy zajmujemy się problemem wyboru prawnika poprzez zastosowanie modelu stanowiącego połączenie samoubezpieczenia i prewencji (SICP) w sytuacji możliwości zwrotu kosztów w razie wygranej sprawy w sądzie. Jako pierwsi zagadnienie badali Sevi i Yafil (2005) jednak tylko w kontekście prewencji, co oznacza wprowadzenie dodatkowego założenia, że wielkość poniesionej straty jest stała niezależnie od poniesionych kosztów. W tej pracy uogólniamy wynik Sevi i Yafila dowodząc, że założenie o stałych stratach jest nieistotne. Wykazujemy że wzrost awersji do ryzyka powoduje spadek inwestycji w usługi prawne, których koszty mogą być zwrócone w razie wygranej sprawy w sądzie, co jak wiadomo, nie jest prawdą w standardowych modelach prewencji i SICP. Ponadto interpretujemy ten wynik za pomocą pojęcia ryzykowności w sensie Rothschilda-Stiglitza. Dowodzimy, że wzrost inwestycji w SICP powoduje wzrost ryzykowności związanej z bogactwem końcowym. W konsekwencji osoby bardziej niechętne ryzyku decydują się na zmniejszenie poziomu inwestycji w zrekompensowane SICP.
We consider decision about the choice of a lawyer as a particular case of self-insurance-cum-protection when the lawyer's cost is repaid in case of victory. The problem was introduced by Sevi and Yafil (2005) in the context of self-protection, which requires assumption that the size of loss does not depend on effort (level of the expenditure on lawyer). In this paper we drop that assumption and our model includes possibility that both loss and probability of incurring a loss depend on effort. We prove that unlike the standard cases of SP and SICP, the level of effort is monotone in risk aversion. We interpret and explain the result in terms of mean-preserving spread and increasing riskiness in the sense of Rothschild-Stiglitz. We prove that increase in SICP with indemnity leads to increased riskiness of the utility of final wealth. As a consequence, the more risk-averse individual is, the less she invests in legal expenses.
Źródło:
Przegląd Statystyczny; 2013, 60, 1; 7-19
0033-2372
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La ritenzione della caparra confirmatoria. Riflessioni brevi su un caso di recesso in autotutela
Autorzy:
Parente, Ferdinando
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
power of self-protection
confirmatory deposit
right of retention
right of withdrawal
Opis:
Self-protection is the power granted to a subject to directly achieve, on an out-of-court level, for his own benefit, a certain effect in the legal sphere of the perpetrator of a harmful conduct. The right to retain the confirmatory deposit, a singular case of out-of-court termination of the contract for non-fulfillment, can be attributed to the category of self-protection, counted among the "withdrawal of self-protection". The study systematically reconstructs the requirements of the case and the protection regime of the figure, in the light of the sources and evolutionary hermeneutics of doctrine and jurisprudence, identifying its complex function and the nature of an alternative remedy.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2021, 29, 1; 41-47
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The choice of a lawyer as a special case of self-insurance-cum-protection
Autorzy:
Dudziński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
self-insurance-cum protection, risk-aversion, reimbursement
Opis:
Analizujemy decyzję o wyborze prawnika jako szczególnym przypadku samoubezpieczenia z ochroną, gdy koszt prawnika zostanie spłacony w przypadku wygrania procesu. Problem został wprowadzony przez Sevi i Yafil(2005) w kontekście obrony, która wymaga założenia, że wielkość strat nie zależy od wysiłku (poziom wydatków na adwokata ).
We consider decision about the choice of a lawyer as a particular case of self-insurance-cum-protection when the lawyer's cost is repaid  in case of victory.   The problem was introduced by Sevi and Yafil (2005) in the context of self-protection, which requires assumption that the size of  loss does not depend on effort (level of the expenditure on lawyer). In this paper we drop that assumption and our model includes possibility that both loss and  probability of  incuring a loss depend on effort.  We compare effort in our case with the standard one and prove that repayment is good incentive to invest more in modified SICP. We also show  that unlike the standard cases of SP and SICP, the level of effort is monotone in risk aversion. We prove that in our model DARA implies that lawyer's service is a normal good, which is intuitive. We show that for certain type of increase in risk aversion, the reimbursement effect is stronger then the risk aversion effect. For other changes in risk aversion there is a probability threshold that if the probability of a loss is below that level, then risk-aversion effect prevails. For higher initial probabilities, reimbursement effect is stronger.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 2013, 41, 2
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Training safely, Training safety
Autorzy:
Wu, J.
An, M.
Jin, Y.
Geng, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safety at sea
Training of Crew
Maritime Education and Training (MET)
Training Safety
Maritime Safety Education
Marine Survival
SOLAS Convention
Self Protection
Opis:
It is the basic requirement of maritime safety education to guarantee the safety of teaching operation while training the crew's occupation safety capability. Marine Training Center of Shanghai Maritime University has undertaken the practical teaching of "marine survival" for many years and come up with the whole safety procedures of training. Based on the requirements of SOLAS convention and regulations of STCW over crew training, this paper introduces the safety allocation, utilization and maintenance of teaching equipments. Through the investigation of the safety situation of students' practical operation, the safety teaching method named "four in one" has been put forward, which includes the pre-teaching safety precaution, the whole monitor during the teaching process, the post-teaching summary evaluation, and the reset and standby of teaching facilities. Finally, during the learning and training of "marine survival", crews and students are called on to place priority on personal safety rather than acquisition of knowledge and skills. Only in this way can they be capable of self-protection and protection of others in the career of seafaring.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 3; 423-427
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kompetencje i zadania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie bezpieczeństwa zdrowia ludności
Competences And Tasks Of Local Self-Government Units With Regard To The Safety Of The Health Of The Population
Autorzy:
Wojtczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
local self-government
health protection and promotion
medical entities
Opis:
The creation of conditions aimed at ensuring the health of the population is a supreme value. Polish legal solutions make it a constitutional obligation of the State and local self-government. The current Constitution of the Republic of Poland of2 April 1997 does not define the limits of this obligation; it only states that the conditions for ensuring everyone’s right to health protection and the scope of health services that are financed from public funds are to be specified by statute. In fact, the system leaves almost complete freedom in this area to the legislator. In the article the solutions adopted by local self-government units in 1991–2018 are evaluated. In order to fulfil certain competences and tasks imposed by law on the commune, poviat and self-governing regional bodies, the legislator has determined two spheres of their activity: (i) implementation of their own tasks in the field of health protection and health promotion, and (ii) establishment and running of entities which before 2011 were termed public health care facilities and after 2011 changed their name into medical entities which are not entrepreneurs. In neither of these spheres of activity is the participation of local government units identical. In the first sphere, the differences result from both the constitutional acts shaping their own tasks in the field of health protection, as well as health programmes which they adopt for their implementation. In the second sphere, however, the differences are a result of statutory solutions that base the model of health care on values that are not uniformly understood. Before 2011, they were conducted and maintained fully, or to a limited extent, from public funds, whereas after 2011 they were maintained from public funds only, when a budgetary unit was selected as an organisational formula of a self-government medical entity. The solutions of the Act of 2011 in its original wording pointed tended to favour commercialisation of the public health sector. The negative side of the solutions adopted is the extraordinary lack of diligence in exercising legislative diligence, especially in the scope of defining the competences and tasks of local self-government units in relation to the medical entities created/ run by these units.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 3 (23); 9-49
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dependent Self-Employment in the Light of the Constitutional Principle of Work Protection
Autorzy:
Ludera-Ruszel, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
self-employment
dependent self-employment
labour law
principle of work protection
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
Opis:
A major problem pertaining to the operation of dependent self-employed entrepreneurs on the labour market in Poland is determination of the scope of legal protection granted to them. Under the Polish law, dependent self-employed persons do not enjoy any special legal protection, unlike employees who are bound by an employment relationship. The question therefore arises what – in the light of constitutional principle of work protection – the model of such protection should be, and in particular, whether the character of such work relationship makes it necessary to create of a separate legal category encompassing dependent self-employment and to provide this group with legal protection similar to the protection already enjoyed by employees bound by employment relationship.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 1; 41-57
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigations of the influence of the matrix recycling on properties of the moulding sand with Geopol 618 binder
Autorzy:
Kamińska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
self hardening moulding sand
reclamation
environment protection
masa samoutwardzalna
regeneracja
ochrona środowiska
Opis:
Self-hardening moulding sands with water-glass hardened by liquid esters are applied in several foundry plants for making moulds for the production of heavy iron and steel castings. The main good point of this process is a low cost of sands. However, on account of a low susceptibility of this moulding sand for the matrix reclamation the fraction of sands originated from the reclamation is limited. The investigations presented in this work were aimed at the determination of the addition of the reclaimed material, obtained in the dry mechanical reclamation, on properties of the moulding sand with the Geopol 618 binder, which is water-glass modified by polymers and hardened by esters.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1; 69-72
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary Tests of Innovative Eco-Friendly Furfuryl Resins and Foundry Sand Mixtures Based on These Resins
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Jadwiga
Puzio, Sabina
Angrecki, Michał
Stachowicz, Mateusz
Łoś, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
loose self-hardening sand
furfuryl resin
environmental protection
mechanical tests
casting surface quality
Opis:
The foundry industry in Poland and EU member states is growing steadily. The alloys based on ferrous metals (cast steel and cast iron) largely contribute to this upward trend. Currently, foundries are facing the problem of increasing requirements, which enforce the production of castings characterized by high dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness with parallel elimination of casting defects. Castings are mostly made in moulding sand mixtures, which are also subject to more and more stringent requirements to meet the above-mentioned casting acceptance conditions. Additionally, moulding sands should ensure adequate mould stiffness to avoid the risk of dimensional deformations during the pouring of liquid metal to this mould and casting solidification. For these reasons, the production of this type of castings has been dominated by loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin, commonly called furan sands. In the group of self-hardening sands with synthetic resins, loose self-hardening sands with furfuryl resin enjoy the greatest popularity. What accounts for this fact is the high level of the reclamability of these sands, the possibility of obtaining castings with high dimensional accuracy, the ability to make intricate moulds and cores, the binding process taking place at ambient temperature, and low content of binder. Unfortunately, this technology also has some disadvantages, which include short lifetime of the sand mixture, harmful gases emitted from the sand, and currently also high cost of the sand mixture. The anticipated tightening of the environmental protection regulations in the EU countries, including limiting the content of free furfuryl alcohol in resins (<25% by mass) and reducing the emission of furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde and BTEX compounds at workplaces, necessitated the development of a new generation of furfuryl resins friendly to the environment. The article compares the results of testing the strength properties of foundry moulding sands using two types of resins, i.e. the resin of a new generation synthesized by Grupa Azoty JRCh and a commercial resin used in the foundry industry. Additionally, derivatographic studies of the above mentioned sand mixtures were conducted, and the loss on ignition and the amount of gases emitted by the sand mixture were determined. Melting was also carried out to study the impact of the resin used on the surface quality of iron castings.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 9; 285-292
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice kryminalizacji pomocy do samobójstwa – uwagi na tle orzeczenia austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 11 grudnia 2020 r. (sygn. G 139/2019-71)
Autorzy:
Długosz-Jóźwiak, Joanna
Mayr, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
assisted suicide
criminalisation
right to self-determination
individual autonomy
unconstitutionality
protection of life
Opis:
The article deals with the issue of limits of the criminalisation of assisted suicide. The reason for addressing this issue is the finding of the Austrian Constitutional Court on 11 December 2020 (ref. G 139/2019-71), in which the Austrian criminal provision penalising assisting another person to commit suicide (Section 78 of the Austrian Criminal Code) was unexpectedly declared unconstitutional. The Court not only confirmed that everyone’s right to autonomous and independent decision-making in matters of personal life includes the decision as to the time and manner of a dignified death, but also decided whether an individual’s right to selfdetermination includes obtaining the assistance of another person to undertake a suicidal act. The resolution of this issue is of universal significance – including for the Polish legal order, in which assisted suicide is currently penalised without exception. The aim of the paper is not only to provide an overview of the grounds for the finding and explain the limits of criminal liability under the revised Section 78 of the Austrian Criminal Code, but in particular to resolve the question of the admissibility and legitimacy of decriminalising assistance to suicide to the extent adopted in Austrian law, which may also provide some inspiration for the Polish legislator. The study uses a formal-dogmatic method of research, which is determined by its subject. In the final conclusions it was indicated that the Austrian legislator cautiously liberalized the prohibition of assisted suicide, which, however, is not without some controversy.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 66-83
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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