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    Tytuł:
    Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, Barouch
    Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo
    Melas, Anastasios
    Selleri, Tommaso
    Maggiore, Maurizio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    retrofit
    fuel supply innovation
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    Horizon 2020 prizes
    zasilanie paliwem
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Horyzont 2020
    Opis:
    The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not with-stand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligble for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 7--34
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the self-ignition engines
    Badania stężeń amoniaku w spalinach silników z zapłonem samoczynnym
    Autorzy:
    Gis, W.
    Żółtowski, A.
    Grzelak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134110.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    Laser Diode Spectrometer
    LDS
    Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer
    FTIR
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    spektometr laserowo-diodowy
    analizator podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
    Opis:
    In the article there was reviewed the principle of operation of the SCR type catalitic reactors and explained the reason, why ammonia appears in the exhaust gas. The principles of analyzers to measure the concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases was reviewed. There were examined changes in EU regulations on the emissions of vehicles engines in comparison to UNECE Regulation No. 49, series 05 of amendments.
    W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania reaktorów katalitycznych typu SCR oraz wyjaśniono przyczynę, dla której w spalinach pojawia się amoniak. Dokonano przeglądu zasady działania analizatorów do pomiarów stężeń amoniaku w spalinach. Przeanalizowane zostały zmiany wprowadzone w rozporządzeniach UE dotyczących emisji zanieczyszczeń z układów wylotowych silników pojazdów w porównaniu z Regulaminem EKG ONZ nr 49, seria 05 poprawek.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 575-580
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Degrading mechanisms of selective catalytic reduction systems
    Mechanizmy degradacji systemów selektywnej katalitycznej redukcji (SCR)
    Autorzy:
    Herdzik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    kontrola emisji spalin
    wymogi tier 3
    selektywna katalityczna redukcja (SCR)
    mechanizmy degradacji systemów SCR
    emission control
    tier 3
    selective catalytic reduction
    degrading mechanisms of SCR
    Opis:
    It was presented problems of fulfillment the IMO tier 3 requirements. The proposition of using selective catalytic reduction was very interesting, but provided to many maintenance problems due to the degrading mechanisms of that systems. Some of those mechanisms were presented. It provided to degradation of those systems and worsening their emission reduction possibilities. The certificate of EIAPP may not tell the truth. It needs periodical surveys (minimum one per year) for checking the validity of issued EIAPP certificate. A SCR system would be activated only on restricted areas of environmental emission control due to maintenance costs.
    W referacie przedstawiono problemy spełnienia wymagań Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO) odnośnie wymagań ograniczenia emisji toksycznych składników spalin z silników okrętowych. Propozycja użycia metod selektywnej katalitycznej redukcji (SCR) jest bardzo interesująca, ale prowadzi do wielu problemów w eksploatacji z powodu mechanizmów, które degradują systemy SCR. Niektóre z nich zaprezentowano w referacie. Degradacja systemów SCR powoduje pogorszenie parametrów ich pracy oraz spadek zdolności do zmniejszania emisji szkodliwych substancji w spalinach. Certyfikat EIAPP może nie potwierdzać rzeczywistych osiągów systemów SCR. Wymagać to będzie okresowych przeglądów potwierdzających spełnianie wymagań. Z powodu dużych kosztów eksploatacji systemów SCR będą one wykorzystywane jedynie na obszarach, na których zachodzi konieczność ich użycia, natomiast poza tymi obszarami będą one wyłączane. Pracować będą na systemach omijających systemy SCR.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 28 (100) z. 1; 27-33
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz
    Górka, Krzysztof
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    wall film
    CFD
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    In the present study, an innovative design of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulence and elongating the flow paths of the droplets. The design was verified through a series of numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and a discrete droplet model (DDM) spray representation. The analysis included various operating conditions as well as subcooled and superheated sprays. A uniform ammonia distribution was achieved regardless of the operating points and spray properties. Additionally, in the case of a flash-boiling injection, a further reduction of the wall film was observed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 12--20
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz Grzegorz
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202462.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    urea water solution
    urea mixer
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    roztwór mocznika
    mieszalnik mocznika
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 84--93
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of the heat balance results of the selected Tier III-compliant gas-fuelled two-stroke main engines
    Autorzy:
    Korlak, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    heat balance
    two-stroke engine
    LNG
    liquified natural gas
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    EGR
    exhaust gas recirculation
    bilans cieplny
    silnik dwusuwowy
    skroplony gaz ziemny
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    recyrkulacja spalin
    Opis:
    Two-stroke engines are distinguished by the highest overall efficiency among all main engines. This is not only due to the low speed, and large piston stroke, but also to the high combustion temperature, which results in an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. Technical solutions applied to bring main engines into compliance with current NOx emission standards set by the Tier III limits include the use of SCR and EGR systems, the implementation of the Otto cycle, and the application of liquified natural gas (LNG) as the low-emission fuel. Impact of the available Tier III-compliant technologies on the heat balance results is analysed using the example of the currently most popular dual-fuel main engines, i.e. WinGD X92DF and MAN G95ME-C10.5-GI. The possibilities of waste heat recovery in the electricity generation process and thereby improving the ship energy efficiency are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 24--28
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ammonia CI engine aftertreatment systems design and flow simulation
    Autorzy:
    Kuta, Kacper
    Nadimi, Ebrahim
    Przybyła, Grzegorz
    Żmudka, Zbigniew
    Adamczyk, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097643.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    compression ignition engine
    test rig
    emissions
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    stanowisko badawcze
    emisje
    Opis:
    Investigation of exhaust emissions and ammonia flow behavior in the exhaust system incorporating with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit is discussed. An aftertreatment system is designed to work without additional urea injection. This study is focused on obtaining optimal parameters for catalysis. Its effectiveness is considered as a function of basic parameters of exhaust gases mixture and SCR material characteristics. A 3D geometry of SCR with porous volume has been simulated using Ansys Fluent. Moreover, a 1D model of ammonia dual-fuel CI engine has been obtained. Results were focused on obtaining local temperature, velocity, and exhaust gases composition to predict optimal probes placement, pipes insulation parameters, and characteristic dimensions.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 3--10
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Combination of LNT and SCR for NOx reduction in passenger car applications
    Autorzy:
    Maunula, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    LNT
    catalysts
    diesel
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    katalizator
    Opis:
    The removal of NOx and particulate emissions in light-duty diesel vehicles will require the use of aftertreatment methods like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) (Euro 6 and beyond). A new concept is the combination of LNT + SCR, which enables on-board synthesis of ammonia (NH3), which reacts with NOx on the SCR catalyst. The main application for this kind system will be lighter passenger cars, where LNTs may be used instead of full urea-SCR system. That particular combinatory system was investigated by developing platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) containing LNTs and SCR catalysts in this study. In the use conditions, the maximum temperature may reach temperatures up to 800°C and NOx reduction reactions should proceed without NO2 assistance in the SCR position after LNT and DPF. PtRh/LNT with the total loadings of 85 g/cft (2.8 g/L) and higher resulted in a high NOx efficiency above 80–90% with a broad operation window in the laboratory simulations. In the experimental conditions, a higher NH3 concentration after LNT was essential to simulate well the operation of SCR catalysts. The developed Cu-SCR catalyst showed a high hydrothermal durability up to the ageing temperature of 800°C and a wide operation window without the NO2 assistance (NO only in feed). Fe-SCR and V-SCR catalysts were more dependent on NO2. A studied concept had an air injection after LNT to keep SCR condition always in lean side, where the SCR reaction was promoted by oxygen resulting in high reduction selectivity to nitrogen (N2) without NH3 emissions. The simulations in reaction conditions and system design resulted in the proposals for the optimal design and main reaction mechanism in DOC + DPF + LNT + SCR systems.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 60-67
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Higher order fuzzy logic in controlling selective catalytic reduction systems
    Autorzy:
    Niewiadomski, A.
    Kacprowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201190.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    air pollution
    nitrogen oxides
    adjustable air filter
    ammonia valve
    interval-valued fuzzy logic system
    fuzzy controlling of air filter adjustments
    type-2 fuzzy logic system
    fuzzy implications
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna SCR
    zanieczyszczenia powietrza
    tlenki azotu
    regulowane filtry powietrza
    zawór amoniaku
    rozmyte kontrolowanie zmian filtra powietrza
    typ-2 systemu logiki rozmytej
    implikacja rozmyta
    Opis:
    This paper presents research on applications of fuzzy logic and higher-order fuzzy logic systems to control filters reducing air pollution [1]. The filters use Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method and, as for now, this process is controlled manually by a human expert. The goal of the research is to control an SCR system responsible for emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to the air, using SCR with ammonia (NH3). There are two higher-order fuzzy logic systems presented, applying interval-valued fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets, respectively. Fuzzy sets and higher order fuzzy sets describe linguistically levels of nitrogen oxides as the input, and settings of ammonia valve in the air filter as the output. The obtained results are consistent with data provided by experts. Besides, we show that the type-2 fuzzy logic controllers allows us to obtain results much closer to desired parameters of the ammonia valve, than traditional FLS.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 4; 743-750
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potentials for NOx and CO2 reduction of combined NSC + passive SCR system in Diesel passenger car application
    Autorzy:
    Wittka, T.
    Holderbaum, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133953.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust aftertreatment
    NSC
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    fuel reformer
    oczyszczanie spalin
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The stringent pollutant and CO2 emission limitation in upcoming legislation norms for Diesel passenger car applications force the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment systems with maximum purification and energetic efficiency. The state-off-the-art technologies for NOx reduction, NOx storage and reduction catalyst (NSC) and selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR), show challenges for robust performance under strongly extended emission relevant operation conditions from cold start to high engine load and speed. One technical solution is the combination of NSC and passive SCR. This paper presents the experimental results obtained in the EUproject “Powerful”. On engine test bench and demonstrator vehicle, an exhaust aftertreatment system combining NSC, passive SCR and fuel reformer technology was developed and experimentally investigated steady-state and on road. The engine independent NSC operation offers potentials for lowered fuel consumption penalty by avoiding engine rich operation. The intrinsic NH3 formation during the NSC regeneration is used for additional NOx conversion on the passive SCR and reduces NOx and CO2 emission.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 68-76
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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