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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 74
Tytuł:
The national security field under conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022
Autorzy:
Pavlenko, Tetіana
Korabel, Mariia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
security
security space
international (global) security
national security
military security
information security
Opis:
This article touches upon the problem of organizing security space under the conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022. According to the understanding of the “security” concept, it is determined that the security space should put a state and its vital interests under protection from any internal and external threats. It is emphasized that in conditions of armed aggression, the central components of the security space should be international (global) security and national security. The main areas of international (global) security should include the development and control of weapons, the fight against international terrorism, the development by the international community of effective mechanisms for countering modern global security challenges (proliferation of mass destruction weapons, namely nuclear weapons). Inclusion of military, state, information and cyber security is proposed as the main areas of national security.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2022, 12, 3; 51-58
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global Space Security and Counter-space Capabilities: the Legal and Political Challenges
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
space security
counterspace
space weapon
Space Situational Awareness
Opis:
This article undertakes a very sensitive issue: space security and counterspace capabilities and arms control. Those issues come under the sovereignty of each state and are strictly connected to national defense and policy. Counterspace, also known as space control, is the set of capabilities or techniques that are used to gain space superiority. Space superi-ority is the ability to use space for one`s own purposes while denying it to an adversary. These issues are so important now in the era of fast-growing state activities in space and under such a big dependence on space. Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are a subset of offensive counterspace capabilities, although the satellite itself is only one part of the system that can be attacked. That is the reason why protecting space infrastructure, in the absence of stabilized international space control cooperation and difficulties in reaching an agreement on PPWT treaty and lack of progress of international space law in this matter, is crucial by building the Space Situational Awareness system. Collaboration of states in this matter seems to be a priority.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 9; 101-120
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Space Defense in Europe. Policy and Security Aspects
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
space
defense
space capabilities
space security
Space Situational Awareness
Opis:
Today countries participating in space activities, share serious concerns about militarization of space. The defense of space can become an important issue in the international arena, because counteracting emerging threats will probably be associated not only with the development of technology and operational capabilities, but also with the creation of political alliances or attempts at international agreement on certain “rules of the game” for space operations. Ultimately, the growing importance of “space for defense” creates the need for “defense of space”. Individual countries remain the main actors in the field of space defense. Military strategies are defined at national level, and the development and exploitation of military space assets are managed by national organizations. Today, most European countries recognize space as a strategic area, next to land, sea, air and, increasingly, cyberspace, but they have adopted different policies and doctrines depending on their sensitivity, priorities and concerns. European space forces also have different governance structures with significant differences in the distribution of roles and responsibilities, including space agencies and private entities.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 2 (49); 127-139
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Space Security Policy in Japan and Poland
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
space security
legislation
policy
Space Situational Awareness
strategy
Opis:
This article refers to the Space security legislation in Japan and Poland. Both states have already prepared some legislation on Security in Space- the question is the following- if there is still a need of progress and if those presented legislation are sufficient for the practical purposes of the peaceful uses of Outer Space. Japan is a much more experienced state in using space than Poland; the same seems with the legislation. Poland as less experienced state in this matter has lots of ambitions to create the efficient legislation on Space security, so it must follow the good examples of states and institution in this matter. One of them is Japan. On the other state, Poland as a Member of EU must implement the European law in space security (in particular SSA), which seems to be priceless and efficient for the international cooperation in Space.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2019, 2, 2; 75-100
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“The Universe is a labyrinth made of labyrinths” Observations Made when Reading Radosław Bielawski’s Book “Potęgometryczny wymiar militaryzacji przestrzeni kosmicznej”
Autorzy:
Smuniewski, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23050977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
outer space
outer space security
outer space militarisation
Stanisław Lem
Opis:
Militarisation of outer space is a rapidly developing area of research that is one of the most urgent challenges faced nowadays by the security scholars. The article concerns scientific research made by Radosław Bielawski and presented in his book “Potęgometryczny wymiar militaryzacji przestrzeni kosmicznej” [Powermetric Dimension of Outer Space Militarisation]. The text presents the layout of the monograph and a detailed description of the research process. It also contains conclusions and prospects for future research. There are also references to the texts authored by Stanisław Lem. The paper fits into the area of research on security studies.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2023, 9, 2; 65-75
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International security and outer space – today’s law challenges
Autorzy:
Polkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
space security
Space Situational Awareness SSA
code of conduct in space
space traffic management
space debris
Opis:
Space security means safe and permanent access to space and limiting threats coming from there. This definition also includes the security aspects of man-made devices sent into space and of ground stations. Space infrastructure can be described as a network of space and ground systems connected by communication channels and allowing access to space. Today, the largest space powers have begun to consider space as an operational domain of warfare. Space more and more often appears to be a field for competition, which might become an arena of conflict. The aim of this article is to present today’s many law challenges to the security of space infrastructure, such as unintentional threats (space debris, geomagnetic and solar storms, and other random disturbances), intentional threats (ASAT anti-satellite weapons, malicious interference, and cyber-attacks), the growing problems of Earth orbit congestion, and the increasing amount of space debris from devices launched into space. The article also presents the role of international organizations (such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer space) in making laws that are intended to observe and react to all changes necessary in the outer space environment and to be proactive to help outer space to be safe and secure for all mankind. The conclusion is, however, not optimistic. Space security is a sensitive issue, mainly during conflicts or wars. States are not inclined to bind themselves by international law in this matter. Thus, due to the absence of hard international law (treaties), bilateral and multilateral agreements as well as the best practices from countries that organize space flights must apply. Space monitoring systems, such as the Situational Awareness System (SSA), the code of conduct in space, the UN Long Term Sustainability, or the space Traffic Management rules are legal tools to manage the above challenges in space today.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 97; 126-142
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NASA Space Laser Communications System: Towards Safety of Aerospace Operations
Autorzy:
Bielawski, Radosław
Radomska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
Laser Communication Relay Demonstration
optical space communication
outer space
security
space security
komunikacja laserowa
komunikacja kosmiczna
przestrzeń kosmiczna
bezpieczeństwo
bezpieczeństwo przestrzeni
Opis:
Bidirectional space communication is a fundamental prerequisite for maintaining contact with objects performing missions in space, whether manned and unmanned. Until recently, it relied solely on the propagation of electromagnetic waves (the radio) using frequency bands dedicated for objects outside the Earth's atmosphere. However, modern space technologies are subject to ongoing development as they are being fitted with advanced communication systems. Given the constant enhancement of our technological capabilities, the traditional radio-based communication shows a glaring inadequacy and contributes to the widening of a gap between this and the high technology of on-board devices installed on modern space crafts. The technology that complies with the up-to-date requirements of space communication is optical space communication. It is expected to provide for high-speed data transfer and increase the band-width several times, while ensuring immunity to common cyber threats, including jamming, spoofing and meaconing. The deployment of laser - based optical communication will not only contribute to increasing the air and space operation safety levels, but also enable deep space exploration. To this end, NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Project (LCRD) is currently undergoing development and testing. This chapter undertakes to characterize the emerging technology with respect to its operating principles, the future scope of applications and involvement in currently conducted experiments. The results from the analysis are presented in the form of scenarios outlining possible applications of laser communication.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2020, 2; 51-62
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anti-Satellite Weapons: A Political Dimension
Autorzy:
Czajkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
international security
safety in space
space systems defense
space security
space weapons
bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
bezpieczeństwo w kosmosie
obrona systemów kosmicznych
bezpieczeństwo przestrzeni
broń kosmiczna
Opis:
This article tackles the political dimension of the development of anti-satellite weapons. The main goal is to assess their significance from the American, Russian, and Chinese perspective to understand the emerging balance of power in space. While the U.S. is struggling to maintain its position of dominant space power, its main adversaries are developing technologies that can diminish American dominance. It is, therefore, widely believed that outer space is poised to be weaponized by multiple systems designed to destroy satellites in-orbit, both ground- and space-based. On the other hand, the United States is executing multiple fast-track research& development programs aimed at increasing the resilience of the U.S. space systems.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2021, 1; 107-116
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wkład Unii Europejskiej w rozwój międzynarodowego reżimu kosmicznego
The contribution of the European Union to the advancement of the international space regime
Autorzy:
Bryła, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international regimes
global common goods
international space regime
Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities
space security
Opis:
The growing dependence of countries and societies on the use of space technologies results in the increasing activity in outer space of new actors, both state and non-state. It produces a number of adverse outcomes for the space environment, making it a less and less safe place (e.g. space debris). Emerging threats may affect national and international security on earth. As a result, an urgent need for a collective approach to the management of the use of outer space is emerging. The international legal regime for outer space that has been developing since the beginning of the space age is no longer sufficient, because it does not take into account many rapid changes. One of the attempts to overcome this problem is the International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities drafted by the European Union in 2008. This paper discusses the reasons why, despite long-lasting efforts and intensifying problems, the Code has so far failed to win the approval of the powers which is requisite to constitute an important part of the international outer space regime.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 123-142
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chińska strategia A2/AD. Polityczne implikacje dla bezpieczeństwa w przestrzeni kosmicznej
Chinese A2/AD Strategy – Political Implications for the Space Security
Autorzy:
Czajkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
Stosunki międzynarodowe
bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
bezpieczeństwo kosmiczne
broń kosmiczna
A2/AD
Chiny
USA
International relations
international security
space security
space weapons
China
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie pokrótce scharakteryzować jeden z podstawowych elementów chińskiej strategii ograniczania militarnej dominacji USA, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli systemów kosmicznych. W najbardziej ogólnych kategoriach omawia więc amerykańską strategię militarną; a następnie opisuje chińską koncepcję A2/AD jako asymetryczną odpowiedź na amerykańską przewagę. Szczególną uwagę zwracamy na ograniczenia tej koncepcji i rolę systemów kosmicznych w ich przezwyciężaniu. I wreszcie omawiamy niektóre polityczne konsekwencje powyższego, które mogą oddziaływać na stan bezpieczeństwa kosmicznego.
This paper is supposed to analyze briefly one of key elements of the Chinese strategy aimed on weakening the American military dominance, with the special attention to the role of space systems therein. It describes in the most general terms the military strategy of the United Statest, then it pictures the Chinese A2/AD (anti-access/area denial) concept as an asymmetric answer to the U.S. military supremacy. The special attention is paid to its limitations and the role of space systems in overcoming the restraints. And finally it characterizes some of the political consequences that come out of all the above and that might reflect on the general state of the space security.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2018, 12, 2; 69-89
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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