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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals
    Autorzy:
    Taylor, M P
    Wedel, M.J.
    Naish, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22737.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    dinosaur
    sauropod dinosaur
    extant animal
    head posture
    neck posture
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Opis:
    The neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs has long been controversial. Recent reconstructions position the cervical vertebrae and skull in an “osteological neutral pose” (ONP), the best fit arrived at by articulating the vertebrae with the zygapophyses in maximum contact. This approach in isolation suggests that most or all sauropods held their necks horizontally. However, a substantial literature on extant amniotes (mammals, turtles, squamates, crocodilians and birds) shows that living animals do not habitually maintain their necks in ONP. Instead, the neck is maximally extended and the head is maximally flexed, so that the mid−cervical region is near vertical. Unless sauropods behaved differently from all extant amniote groups, they must have habitually held their necks extended and their heads flexed. The life orientation of the heads of sauropods has been inferred from the inclination of the semi−circular canals. However, extant animals show wide variation in inclination of the “horizontal” semi−circular canal: the orientation of this structure is not tightly constrained and can give only a general idea of the life posture of extinct animals’ heads.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 2; 213-220
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA
    Autorzy:
    Taylor, M.
    Wedel, M.
    Cifelli, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Camarasauromorpha
    Brontomerus
    Brontomerus mcintoshi
    diversity
    Early Cretaceous
    North America
    new sauropod dinosaur
    Lower Cretaceous
    Cedar Mountain Formation
    Utah
    Cretaceous
    sauropod dinosaur
    Opis:
    Brontomerus mcintoshi is a new genus and species of sauropod dinosaur from the Hotel Mesa Quarry in Grand County, Utah, USA, in the upper part of the Ruby Ranch Member (Aptian–Albian) of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation. It is known from at least two fragmentary specimens of different sizes. The type specimen is OMNH 66430, the left ilium of a juvenile individual; tentatively referred specimens include a crushed presacral centrum, a complete and well−preserved mid−to−posterior caudal vertebra, the partial centrum of a distal caudal vertebra, a complete pneumatic anterior dorsal rib from the right side, the nearly complete left scapula of a much larger, presumably adult, individual, and two partial sternal plates. Brontomerus is diagnosed by five autapomorphies of the type specimen: preacetabular lobe 55% of total ilium length, longer than in any other sauropod; preacetabular lobe directed anterolaterally at 30 to the sagittal, but straight in dorsal view and vertically oriented; postacetabular lobe reduced to near absence; ischiadic peduncle reduced to very low bulge; ilium proportionally taller than in any other sauropod, 52% as high as long. In a phylogenetic analysis, Brontomerus was recovered as a camarasauromorph in all most parsimonious trees, but with uncertain position within that clade. The large preacetabular lobe of the ilium anchored powerful protractor and abductor muscles, but precise interpretation is impossible without functionally related elements such as femora and proximal caudal vertebrae. Brontomerus is the eighth sauropod genus named from the Early Cretaceous of North America, and more remain to be described: North American sauropod diversity did not decline catastrophically at the end of the Jurassic as often assumed. The most striking differences between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sauropod faunas in North America is that the former are abundant and dominated by diplodocids, whereas the latter are comparatively scarce— though still diverse—and dominated by macronarians.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs
    Autorzy:
    Wedel, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    laryngeal nerve
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    larynx
    neck
    neuron
    paleontology
    life history
    Opis:
    The recurrent laryngeal nerve is an often cited example of “unintelligent design” in biology, especially in the giraffe. The nerve appears early in embryonic development, before the pharyngeal and aortic arches are separated by the development of the neck. The recurrent course of the nerve from the brain, around the great vessels, to the larynx, is shared by all extant tetrapods. Therefore we may infer that the recurrent laryngeal nerve was present in extinct tetrapods, had the same developmental origin, and followed the same course. The longest−necked animals of all time were the extinct sauropod dinosaurs, some of which had necks 14 meters long. In these animals, the neurons that comprised the recurrent laryngeal nerve were at least 28 meters long. Still longer neurons may have spanned the distance from the end of the tail to the brainstem, as in all extant vertebrates. In the longest sauropods these neurons may have been 40–50 meters long, probably the longest cells in the history of life.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2012, 57, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour
    Autorzy:
    Tschopp, E.
    Wings, O.
    Frauenfelder, T.
    Rothschild, B.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20890.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    pathology
    paleopathology
    camarasaurid
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    animal behaviour
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    osteoarthritis
    osteochondrosis
    bone tumour
    Morrison Formation
    Jurassic
    Opis:
    Several types of pathological bony overgrowth are known from various dinosaur taxa but, except for stress fractures, are rarely reported from appendicular elements. Herein we describe pathological manual and pedal phalanges of a camarasaurid sauropod (SMA 0002), which show features rarely recognised in non-avian dinosaurs. They include lateral osteophytes and smoothing of phalangeal articular surfaces, a deep pit, proximal enthesophytes in pedal unguals, distal overgrowth associated with a fracture, and a knob-like overgrowth lateral to the distal condyles of a pedal phalanx. Their causes were assessed by means of visual examination, CT scans, and bone histology, where possible. The lateral osteophytes are interpreted as symptoms of osteoarthritis. The ossified tendon insertions in the unguals are most probably the result of prolonged, heavy use of the pedal claws, possibly for scratch-digging. The distal overgrowth is interpreted to have developed due to changed stress regimes, and to be the cause for the fracture. The deep pit represents most likely a case of osteochondrosis, whereas the knob-like overgrowth likely represents a post-traumatic phenomenon not previously reported in dinosaurs. The study confirms that a rigorous assessment of pathologies can yield information about behaviour in long-extinct animals.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2016, 61, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, USA
    Autorzy:
    Harris, J D
    Dodson, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22659.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    phylogenesis
    Dicraeosauridae
    Diplodocoidea
    Upper Jurassic
    dinosaur
    Montana
    Jurassic
    paleobiogeography
    Diplodocidae
    USA
    sauropod dinosaur
    Dinosauria
    Morrison Formation
    paleontology
    Opis:
    A partial skeleton of a new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (?Tithonian) of Montana is described. Suuwassea emilieae gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by numerous cranial, axial, and appendicular autapomorphies. The holotype consists of a premaxilla, partial maxilla, quadrate, braincase with partial skull roof, several partial and complete cranial and middle cervical, cranial dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, complete scapulocoracoid, humerus, partial tibia, complete fibula, calcaneus, and partial pes. It displays numerous synapomorphies of the Diplodocoidea, including characters of both the Diplodocidae (Apatosaurus + (Diplodocus + Barosaurus)) and Dicraeosauridae (Dicraeosaurus + Amargasaurus). Preliminary phylogenetic analysis indicates that Suuwassea is a diplodocoid more derived than rebbachisaurids but in a trichotomy with both the Diplodocidae and Dicraeosauridae. Suuwassea represents the first well−supported, North American, non−diplodocid representative of the Diplodocoidea and provides new insight into the origins of both the Diplodocidae and Dicraeosauridae.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dermal armor histology of Saltasaurus loricatus, an Upper Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur from Northwest Argentina
    Autorzy:
    Cerda, I A
    Powell, J.E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    dermal armor
    histology
    Saltasaurus loricatus
    Upper Cretaceous
    Cretaceous
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Argentina
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    osteohistology
    osteoderm
    dermal ossicle
    metaplasia
    paleontology
    Opis:
    The first unambiguous evidence of the presence of osteoderms in sauropod dinosaurs came from the discovery of Saltasaurus loricatus, a titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. The dermal armor of Saltasaurus is composed of bony plates and small dermal ossicles. Here, we analyze the bone microstructure of these elements and provide information regarding its origin and development. The bony plates are composed almost entirely of reconstructed cancellous bone. Remains of primary bone consist of coarse bundles of mineralized collagenous fibers towards the external surface. Also, woven fibered bone tissue appears in the basal and lateral regions. Dermal ossicles lack secondary remodeling, and their matrix is formed by three orthogonal systems of collagenous fiber bundles. Growth lines are present in both bony plates and ossicles. Bone histology reveals that osteoderms mainly originated through direct mineralization (metaplasia) of the dermis, although other mechanisms are also involved (at least in the origin of dermal plates). The common features of development and integumental location of the osteoderms of Saltasaurus and other non−related vertebrates (e.g., lepidosaurs, crocodylomorphs) are linked to the intrinsic skeletogenic properties of the dermis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 3; 389-398
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New remains attributable to the holotype of the sauropod dinosaur Neuquensaurus australis, with implications for saltasaurine systematics
    Autorzy:
    D'emic, M.
    Wilson, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    Neuquensaurus australis
    Saltasaurus loricatus
    taxonomy
    Cretaceous
    South America
    remains
    new remains
    holotype
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    systematics
    saltasaurine systematics
    Opis:
    The Late Cretaceous South American sauropods Neuquensaurus australis and Saltasaurus loricatus are represented by well−preserved and abundant material that has been integral to our understanding of titanosaur anatomy for decades. Although the hypodigms for these species span most of the skeleton, holotypic materials are limited to a few bones that do not overlap between the two taxa. In this contribution, we augment the holotype of Neuquensaurus australis with a partial sacrum that was preserved in articulation with one of the caudal vertebrae from its original description, but not recognised as such at the time. We document this field association via the presence of a broken piece of matrix on the sixth sacral vertebral centrum that has a snap−fit to matrix on the rim of the anterior condyle of the holotypic biconvex vertebra. Based on comparisons with a more complete sacrum and ilium of a referred specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, we interpret this biconvex vertebra to be the seventh sacral vertebra. This raises the possibility that the biconvex “first caudal” vertebra of some other titanosaurs may be part of the sacrum as well. Augmentation of the Neuquensaurus australis holotype to include a sacrum makes it directly comparable to the holotype of Saltasaurus loricatus. Morphological differences in the number, shape, and proportion of sacral vertebrae allow discrimination between Neuquensaurus and Saltasaurus, confirming their generic separation. The El Brete quarry, which preserves the holotypic sacrum and abundant referred specimens of Saltasaurus loricatus, also preserves a sacrum consisting of seven vertebrae that bears autapomorphies of Neuquensaurus australis, indicating that these two saltasaurines coexisted.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia, Argentina
    Autorzy:
    Filippi, L.S.
    Garcia, R.A.
    Garrido, A.C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    new species
    titanosaur
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Upper Cretaceous
    Cretaceous
    North Patagonia
    Argentina
    paleontology
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    phylogenesis
    Anacleto Formation
    Neuquen basin
    Narambuenatitan palomoi
    Opis:
    A new sauropod titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Anacleto Formation is described. Narambuenatitan palomoi gen. et sp. nov., is diagnosed by cranial and axial autapomorphies. The holotype, which represent a subadult individual, consists of the left premaxilla and maxilla, braincase, both quadrates, one cervical vertebrae, one dorsal vertebra, fragments of cervical and dorsal ribs, seventeen caudal vertebrae, caudal transverse processes, fragments of haemal arches, left sternal plate, right coracoid, left humerus, left ulnae, both pubes, iliac pedicel, proximal fragment of right ischia, and an incomplete left femur. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that Narambuenatitan is a non−eutitanosaurian lithostrotian, and that it shares with Epachthosaurus a neural spine in middle caudal vertebrae which are laminar and posteriorly elongated.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Speeds of dinosaurs from the Albian-Cenomanian of Patagonia and sauropod stance and gait
    Autorzy:
    Mazzetta, G V
    Blanco, R E
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleoichnology
    dinosaur speed
    Rio Limay Formation
    gait
    Patagonia
    dinosaur
    sauropod stance
    Opis:
    Estimates of locomotory speeds of small to large-sized Patagonian dinosaurs are presented for the first time. These estimates are inferred from trackways found on fine to coarse-grained brown sandstones located in the lower section of the Candeleros Member of the Río Limay Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Neuquén Province, Argentina. The method used is based on the measurement of the stride length (distance between two successive prints of the same foot) and of the length of the hindfoot print, which in turn, allows us to estimate the height at the hip joint and, therefore, the approximate size of the animal. The hypothesis of dynamic similarity implies that the movements of geometrically similar animals, although of different sizes, are dynamically similar only when they move with the same Froude number. The dynamically similar movements (i.e., those with equal Froude number) require equal values of relative stride length (ratio between the stride length and the hip joint height). The relationship between the relative stride length and the Froude number allows us to estimate the speeds of dinosaurs. The dinosaurian ichnofauna studied reveals low speeds that range from 0.5 to 2.6 m s⁻¹. Our analyses show that the sauropods responsible for these trackways were either walking very slowly in a bipedal stance or alternatively they were progressing quadrupedally on a slippery surface.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2001, 46, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evidence for a sauropod-like metacarpal configuration in stegosaurian dinosaur
    Autorzy:
    Senter, P
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23329.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    evidence
    paleontology
    sauropod
    metacarpal configuration
    stegosaurian dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Dinosauria
    Ornithischia
    Stegosauria
    forelimb
    functional morphology
    Opis:
    The stegosaurian forelimb is usually portrayed with the metacarpals slanted and distally spread. However, manual manipulation of stegosaurian metacarpals reveals that in that configuration they do not articulate with each other nor with the rest of the forelimb. Rather, they do articulate with each other and with the rest of the forelimb when posed vertically and arranged in a compact, semi−tubular configuration, as in sauropods. This configuration agrees with data from articulated specimens and trackways. As with sauropods, this metacarpal configuration makes retention of phalanges awkward for locomotion and may be functionally related to the vestigiality of the manual phalanges of the outer digits.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 3; 427-432
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon
    Autorzy:
    Wedel, M J
    Cifelli, R L
    Sanders, R K
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22230.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Oklahoma
    pneumatic structure
    Sauroposeidon proteles
    Sauroposeidon
    paleobiology
    Cretaceous
    Antlers Formation
    dinosaur
    sauropod
    North America
    paleontology
    Opis:
    Sauroposeidon proteles is a large brachiosaurid sauropod recently described from the Antlers Formation (Aptian-Albian) of southeastern Oklahoma. Sauroposeidon represents the culmination of brachiosaurid trends toward lengthening and lightening the neck, and its cervical vertebrae are characterized by extensive pneumatic structures. The elaboration of vertebral air sacs during sauropod evolution produced a variety of internal structure types. We propose a new classification system for this array of vertebral characters, using computed tomography (CT) of pneumatic internal structures. Comparisons with birds suggest that the vertebrae of sauropods were pneumatized by a complex system of air sacs in the thorax and abdomen. The presence of a thoraco-abdominal air sac system in sauropods would dramatically affect current estimates of mass, food intake, and respiratory requirements. Sauroposeidon was one of the last sauropods in the Early Cretaceous of North America; sauropods disappeared from the continent by the early Cenomanian. The demise of sauropods in the Early Cretaceous of North America predates significant radiations of angiosperms, so the decline and extinction of this dinosaur group cannot be linked to changes in flora.
    Sauroposeidon proteles to wielki dinozaur z rodziny brachiozaurów, opisany niedawno z formacji Antlers (apt-alb) z południowo-wschodniej Oklahomy (USA). Stanowi on kulminację widocznej u brachiozaurów tendencji do wydłużania szyi i zmniejszania jej ciężaru - kręgi szyjne odznaczają się intensywną pneumatyzacją. Rozrost worków powietrznych w kręgach szyjnych doprowadził do wytworzenia rozmaitych wariantów ich budowy wewnętrznej. Autorzy proponują nowy podział owych struktur anatomicznych, oparty na obserwacji tomograficznej spneumatyzowanych kręgów. Porównania z ptakami sugerują, że kręgi zauropodów mieściły rozbudowany system worków powietrznych obejmujących też tułów. Obecność piersiowo-brzusznych worków powietrznych oznaczałaby radykalne zmiany dotychczasowych oszacowań masy ciała, zapotrzebowania pokarmowego i wydolności oddechowej zauropodów. Zauroposejdon był jednym z ostatnich zauropodów zamieszkujących Amerykę Północną we wczesnej kredzie (we wczesnym cenomanie brak już zauropodów na tym kontynencie). Zniknięcie zauropodów z Ameryki Północnej poprzedziło większe radiacje adaptacyjne roślin okrytozalążkowych, toteż nie można wiąać upadku i zaniku tej grupy dinozaurów ze zmianami flory.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2000, 45, 4
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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