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Tytuł:
Solid Phase Extraction for Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Pb (II) Using XAD-4 Sorbent Prior to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Shahtaheri, S. J.
Khadem, M.
Golbabaei, F.
Rahimi-Froushan, A.
Ganjali, M. R.
Norouzi, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
lead
sample preparation
atomic absorption spectroscopy
Opis:
Lead is an important constituent widely used in different industrial processes. For evaluation of workers’ exposure to trace toxic metal of Pb (II), solid-phase extraction (SPE) was optimized. SPE using mini columns filled with XAD-4 resin was developed with regard to sample pH, ligand concentration, loading flow rate, elution solvent, sample volume, elution volume, the amount of resins, and sample matrix interferences. Lead ions were retained on a solid sorbent and then eluted, followed by a simple determination of analytes with flame atomic absorption spectrometery. The obtained recoveries of metal ions were greater than 92%. This method was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine samples; it showed a good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days as well as 6 within-day experiments. This optimized method can be considered successful in simplifying sample preparation for a trace residue analysis of lead in different matrices when evaluating occupational and environmental exposures is required.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2007, 13, 2; 137-145
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automatyzacja i robotyzacja metod przygotowania próbek do analiz chemicznych
Automation and robotization of samples preparation methods for chemical analysis
Autorzy:
Rogala, Paweł
Bielecki, Marcin
Witkiewicz, Zygfryd
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Aparatury Badawczej i Dydaktycznej, COBRABiD
Tematy:
przygotowanie próbek
automatyzacja
robotyzacja
sample preparation
automation
robotization
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu jest przegląd metod przygotowania próbek do analizy chemicznej, w których proces przygotowania próbki jest zautomatyzowany i sprzężony z przyrządem pomiarowym. Zaprezentowano przykłady metod przygotowania próbek ciekłych i stałych z elementami automatyzacji i robotyzacji tego procesu.
The subject of the article is a review of method samples preparation for chemical analysis, in which the sample preparation process is automated and coupled to the measuring instrument. Examples of methods for preparing liquid and solid samples with elements of automation and robotization of this process are presented.
Źródło:
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna; 2019, 24, 2; 115-121
2392-1765
Pojawia się w:
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sample Preparation for Determination of Biological Thiols by Liquid Chromatography and Electromigration Techniques
Autorzy:
Bald, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
sample preparation
liquid chromatografy
capillary electrophoresis
chemical derivatization
biological thiols
Opis:
Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów
Majority of the bioanalytical or environmental methods do not use just one chromatografie or electrophoretic step, but rather involve several sample pretreatment steps which simplfy the matrix, and often preconcentrate and chemically modify the analytes. This work surveys typical procedures for sample preparation for most commonly analyzed biofluids with particular emphasis placed on chemical derivatization of sulfur amino acids for their determination by liquid phase separation techniques. Recent author's laboratory contribution to the development of sample preparation procedures is merked.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Chimica; 2004, 13
0208-6182
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Chimica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sample Preparation Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Analysis for Monitoring Muconic Acid as a Biomarker of Occupational Exposure to Benzene
Autorzy:
Shahtaheri, S. J.
Ghamari, F.
Golbabaei, F.
Rahimi-Froushani, A.
Abdollahi, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
benzene
muconic acid
sample preparation
solid-phase extraction
biological monitoring
chromatography
Opis:
Factors affecting solid phase extraction (SPE) of trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA), as a benzene biomarker, including sample pH, sample concentration, sample volume, sample flow rate, washing solvent, elution solvent, and type of sorbent were evaluated. Extracted samples were determined by HPLC-UV (high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet). The analytical column was C18, UV wave length was 259 nm, and the mobile phase was H2O/methanol/acetic acid run at flow rate of 1 ml/min. A strong anion exchange silica cartridge was found successful in simplifying SPE. There was a significant difference between recoveries of ttMA when different factors were used (p < .001). An optimum recovery was obtained when sample pH was adjusted at 7. There was no significant difference when different sample concentrations were used (p > .05). The optimized method was then validated with 3 different pools of samples showing good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2005, 11, 4; 377-388
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Role of ammonium phosphate in improving the physical characteristics of malachite sulfidation flotation
Autorzy:
Ibrahim, Ayman M.
Jia, Xiaodong
Cai, Jinpeng
Su, Chao
Yu, Xingcai
Zheng, Qifang
Peng, Rong
Shen, Peilun
Liu, Dianwen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
malachite sulfidation
sample preparation
ammonium phosphate
sodium sulfide
floatability
physical characteristics
Opis:
In this study, ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) was employed to realize improvement by modifying the physical characteristics of the malachite surface, ensuring sustainable flotation throughout the flotation operations, and enhancing the flotation process to be more stable. Furthermore, various techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were intensely used to investigate the configuration and physico-chemical surface characteristics through micro-flotation experiments, contact angle and zeta potential measurements, and XRD, ToF-SIMS, EPMA, and FTIR spectrum analyses. The FTIR findings showed that new characteristic peaks of -C(=S)-N.H. groups formed and adsorbed on the surfaces of malachite at 1636 cm-1. The -CH2 groups throughout the flotation process, further promoted the attachment of the CH3 ligand to the Cu2+ ion, and the XPS analysis confirmed this. Consequently, it can be concluded that (NH4)3PO4 played a substantial part in the improved recovery rate, as demonstrated and confirmed by the methods carried out in this study. Thus, it was used to modify the physical properties surface before adding Na2S to efficiently enhance malachite floatability and reduce the loss rate of malachite. Regarding the alterations in the physical characteristics which occurred to the malachite surface, and as a consequence of increasing the recovery results of flotation, the malachite sample treated initially with (NH4)3PO4 exhibited micro flotation results with a considerably greater flotation recovery than malachite treated initially with only Na2S ions.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2023, 59, 1; art. no. 161510
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality of Samples in Adhesive Joint Testing
Autorzy:
Kuczmaszewski, Józef
Zawada-Michałowska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
adhesive joints
quality
aviation
sample preparation
połączenia klejone
jakość
lotnictwo
przygotowanie próbki
Opis:
The study attempts to assess the quality of various types of samples used in the adhesive joint testing. One great weakness of the scientific research conducted on this type of joints is that the published papers generally do not include an analysis of the samples quality. Although the standards define the tolerances of individual dimensions, detailed reports are in fact rarely presented. Above all, it is very important to control the thickness of the adhesive, which significantly affects the strength of adhesive bonds. It was found that obtaining high quality samples depends mainly on observing the technological discipline and using appropriate instrumentation. The paper presents the standards that should be a reliable model for the scientific research on adhesive joints.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2020, 14, 3; 182-191
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorbenty ze związanymi cieczami jonowymi i ich wykorzystanie w przygotowaniu próbek oligonukleotydów
Adsorbents with bonded ionic liquids and their use in the preparation of oligonucleotides samples
Autorzy:
Nuckowski, Łukasz
Zalesińska, Ewa
Studzińska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
przygotowanie próbek
oligonukleotydy
ciecze jonowe
adsorbenty
sample preparation
oligonucleotides
ionic liquids
adsorbents
Opis:
Oligonucleotides are short fragments of nucleic acids. They have a growing potential in medicine, especially as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In most cases, these compounds are determined in the complex biological matrix. Thus, the sample preparation step is very important in their bioanalysis. Solid-phase extraction is a predominant technique in this field. However, presently used for this purpose adsorbents have disadvantages. They ensure low extraction effectiveness and procedures using them are labor-intensive or time-consuming. Ionic liquids, since their discovery, are objects of intensive interest of scientists. Their scientific attractiveness is connected with their unique properties. They are used in separation and sample preparation techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction using water-immiscible ionic liquids. This approach was also used in the extraction of oligonucleotides. Adsorbents modified with ionic-liquids have growing potential in extraction techniques. Few types of materials are used, namely carbon, polymers, and silica. A common feature of these materials modified with ionic liquids is the ion exchange character. Nonetheless, carbon nanomaterials are coated or covalently modified with ionic liquids, and they are used mainly for nonpolar compounds. Polymer and silica-based adsorbents are used mainly for acidic compounds. Polymers are characterized by the highest stability of the presented materials. Due to their ion-exchange properties crosslinked poly(ionic liquids) were used also for extraction of unmodified and modified oligonucleotides. The optimized procedure applying the material with bonded zwitterion ionic liquid gives high recoveries. It is concurrent for presently used adsorbents, thus solves problems connected with their usage. Moreover, it can be used for biological samples without any pre-purification.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2020, 74, 7-8; 545-565
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena wpływu przygotowania próbek na uzyskiwane wyniki analiz pirolitycznych
Assessment of the influence of sample preparation on the results of pyrolysis analyses
Autorzy:
Janiga, Marek
Kania, Małgorzata
Wciślak, Agnieszka
Spunda, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
piroliza
przygotowanie próbek
mielenie
pirolityczna chromatografia gazowa
pyrolysis
sample preparation
grinding
pyrolysis gas chromatography
Opis:
Celem prac, których wyniki zaprezentowano w artykule, była ocena wpływu sposobu przygotowania próbek na wyniki analiz pirolitycznych: Rock-Eval, Py-GC-FID (chromatografia gazowa z detektorem FID) oraz Py-GC-IRMS (izotopowa spektrometria masowa z chromatografią gazową). Do rozdrobnienia próbek wykorzystuje się zazwyczaj moździerze oraz młyny kulowe. Przygotowano trzy próbki skał o większej zawartości węgla organicznego (łupki) oraz pięć o niższej jego zawartości (w tym dwie próbki z dolomitów i trzy z anhydrytów). Skały zostały zhomogenizowane i podzielone na trzy części. Każda część była mielona w odmienny sposób: ręcznie w moździerzu, w młynie kulowym przez 5 min i w młynie kulowym przez 15 min. W sumie wykonano 24 analizy Rock-Eval, 48 analiz Py-GCFID (dwie temperatury pirolizy, odpowiadające warunkom pirolizy Rock-Eval) oraz 24 analizy Py-GC-IRMS. Sposób zmielenia próbek do analiz Rock-Eval nie odgrywa roli. Wydaje się, że różnice w wynikach wskazują na wpływ błędu analizy oraz charakter próbki. Dla metodyki Py-GC-FID wpływ mielenia na wyniki desorpcji prowadzonej w temperaturze 300°C dla większości badanych próbek można uznać za nieznaczny i pomijalny. W temperaturze 500°C widać pewne korelacje, jednak nie są one tak jednoznaczne, aby odrzucić jeden ze sposobów przygotowania próbek. Dlatego istotne jest, aby wyniki analizować kompleksowo, uwzględniając zarówno skład grupowy, jak też dystrybucję produktów pirolizy. W przypadku analiz składu izotopowego (Py-GC-IRMS) również nie można stwierdzić różnic wartości δ13C związanych z różnym sposobem mielenia próbek. Podsumowując, wszystkie wyniki wskazują na znikomy wpływ sposobu mielenia próbek na wyniki analiz pirolitycznych. Pomimo to istotne jest, aby dla danej serii próbek wykorzystywać tylko jeden sposób przygotowania próbek.
The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in the article, was to evaluate the influence of the method of sample preparation on the results of pyrolytic analyses: RockEval, Py-GC-FID (gas chromatography with FID detector) and Py-GC-IRMS (isotope mass spectrometry with gas chromatography). Mortars and ball mills are most often used to grind the samples. Three rock samples with a higher organic carbon content (shales) and five with a lower organic carbon content (including two samples of dolomites and three of anhydrites) were prepared. The rocks were homogenized and divided into three parts. Each part was ground: by hand in a mortar, in a ball mill for 5 minutes, and in a ball mill for 15 minutes. A total of 24 RockEval analyses, 48 Py-GC-FID analyses (two pyrolysis temperatures corresponding to RockEval pyrolysis conditions) and 24 Py-GC-IRMS analyses were performed. The grinding of the samples for the RockEval analyses is insignificant. The differences in the results seem to indicate the influence of the analysis error and the nature of the sample. For the Py-GC-FID methodology, the influence of milling on the results of desorption carried out at the temperature of 300ºC for most of the tested samples can be considered insignificant and negligible. At the temperature of 500ºC, various types of samples show some correlations, but they are insufficient to reject one of the methods of sample preparation. Therefore, it is important to analyze the results comprehensively, taking into account both the group composition and the distribution of pyrolysis products. In the case of the isotopic composition analyses (Py-GC-IRMS), also no differences in δ13C values related to different types of grinding samples can be found. Summarizing, all the results show a negligible influence of the method of grinding the samples on the results of pyrolysis analyses. Nevertheless, it is important that only one method of sample preparation is used for a separate sample series.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2021, 77, 5; 299-312
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparatyka do celów mikroskopii świetlnej i skaningowej
Autorzy:
Kloc-Ptaszna, A.
Pakieła, W.
Snopiński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/274012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
preparatyka próbek do badań mikroskopowych
metalograficzne badania mikroskopowe
sample preparation for microscopy
microscopic metallographic examinations
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2017, 22, 6; 24-28
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowe rozwiązania metodyczne i techniczne w zakresie techniki mikroekstrakcji do fazy stacjonarnej
New methodological and technical approaches in the field of solid phase microextraction
Autorzy:
Marcinkowski, Ł.
Kloskowski, A.
Namieśnik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
zielona chemia
mikroekstrakcja do fazy stacjonarnej
techniki przygotowania próbek
green chemistry
solid phase microextraction
sample preparation techniques
Opis:
Sample preparation has been recognized as a critical step of the analytical process, being even considered as the bottleneck of the overall process. Enrichment of target compounds, transfer of the analytes into a solvent compatible with the analytical instrumentation, minimization of potential interferences, and efficient sample clean-up, are among the main aims of sample preparation techniques. In this regard, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction have been conventionally employed prior to the determination of relevant compounds in a variety of samples. In spite of their suitable performance, these classical techniques do not fulfill several of the challenges in analytical chemistry, including miniaturization, portability, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the necessity to determine relevant compounds at very low concentrations in matrices of different complexity, especially when dealing with reduced sample volumes, made the improvement of sample preparation techniques being of paramount importance. The inception of solid- -phase microextraction (SPME) involved a huge advance in this sense. SPME was firstly introduced by prof. Janusz Pawliszyn in 1990 as an alternative to conventional sample preparation methods. its small size makes SPME being highly convenient for on-site analysis and monitoring, as well as in vivo analysis. A variety of coating fibers for extracting analytes of different polarity and volatility are nowadays commercially available. Nevertheless, the development of novel SPME fibers with improved mechanical, chemical and thermal stability is a current trend in analytical chemistry, as discussed in the text. In this work the information about novel methodological and instrumental solutions in relation to different variants solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is presented. The proposed solutions fulfill the requirements resulting from the concept of sustainable development, and specifically from the implementation of green chemistry principles in analytical laboratories. Therefore particular attention was paid to the description of possible uses of novel, selective stationary phases for SPME technique. Last part presents new technical approaches in SPME field such as: Electrochemically Enhanced SPME, Membrane-SPME.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 9-10; 869-892
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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