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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    An Instrumental Connection. Economic Diplomacy, International Arms Trade and Overseas Aspirations between Portugal and Sweden, 1640–80
    Autorzy:
    Pereira, Edgar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036084.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    new diplomatic history
    Luso-Swedish relations
    actor-based approach
    economic diplomacy
    arms trade
    early-modern overseas expansion
    salt trade
    Opis:
    This paper offers an Iberian perspective on Sweden’s ‘Age of Greatness’ by looking at the intersection of international politics and trade involving Portugal and Sweden after Portugal regained its independence from Spain at the end of 1640. Sweden’s exports of timber, naval stores, iron, copper, and weapons to Braganza Portugal are seen in the context of the Portuguese wars for overseas trade and colonial settlement against the Dutch Republic and the struggle for autonomy against Spain in its home turf. By revisiting the accounts of diplomatic actors, this contribution will discuss how Portugal turned to Sweden for diplomatic recognition and new consumption markets and carriers for its export sector. It will also be shown how Sweden stood to gain by adding a new customer to its military export sector and by tapping into Portugal’s colonial goods and salt, while at the same time it entertained the prospect of using the Portuguese offshoots in West Africa and the East Indies to further its ambitions in overseas trade.
    Źródło:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies; 2022, 5; 105-132
    2545-1685
    2545-1693
    Pojawia się w:
    Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Plac Solny we Wrocławiu
    The salt market square (plac solny) in Wrocław
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487336.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Plac
    solny
    Wrocław
    sól
    handel
    Śląsk
    The salt
    market
    salt
    trade
    Silesia
    Opis:
    Summing up the discussions presented in the article, it has to be stated that the preserved source materials and accounts contained in the studies unfortunately have not allowed for clarifying the questions and doubts which were presented at the beginning of work on this subject matter. This article is exclusively an attempt at shedding some light on them and in no case exhausts any of the abovementioned issues. However, in a certain range it allows for verifying the view about the relatively small number of accounts, which have been published in the context of organisation of salt trade in the area of Wrocław and the Salt Market Square. It is particularly characteristic that during the analysis of individual works of authors dealing with the above-mentioned issues, it is possible to notice certain repetitiveness of verified information, based probably on one (preserved) source. Only few contain unknown and unquoted pieces of information, which are to be sought in vain in the majority of studies or articles. It goes without doubts that examination of issues mentioned in the article would be possible exclusively thanks to long-lasting queries conducted in the Wrocław archives. The question pertaining to the quantity of Wieliczka salt reaching the Wrocław market and organisation of daily work at the Salt Market Square, in particular in the modern times, remains valid. International policy, inseparably linked to trade, had to regulate the quantity and the quality of salt which arrived at one of the most important municipal markets from foreign suppliers of the mineral. In the future studies, it is worth taking into account the thread pertaining to goods imported from Silesia to Kraków or Wieliczka as part of exchange of commodities conducted for long centuries between the neighbouring states. This could become interesting elaboration of the issue tackled by several historians and significantly enrich the literature created to date. Restoration of former names and modern revitalisation of certain facilities of municipal infrastructure along with names which are still functioning, such as the Salt Market Square or the Salt Alley, in spite of various difficulties, encourage one to undertake an attempt at answering the questions which appear after reading papers devoted to the economic history of Silesia and its capital. One of the most important ones is: is restoration of the original name of the Salt Market Square only a return to the traditional nomenclature or is it also associated by the contemporary city dwellers with the interesting history of sale of one of the most important seasonings and preservatives that salt was in the past.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2017, 32; 118-181
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kazimierski–Podgórski skład solny (XVI – XIX w.)
    Kazimierz and Podgórze Salt Storage (16TH – 19TH century)
    Autorzy:
    Międzobrodzka, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487319.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Kazimierski
    Podgórski
    skład
    solny
    handel
    Kazimierz
    Podgórze
    salt
    storage
    trade
    Opis:
    The Kazimierz salt storage operated from the 16th century on the area of the city of Kazimierz, on the right bank of Zakazimierka River, which initially was a peripheral and later the main river bed of the Vistula River. It was the storage of salt intended for rafting down the Vistula to the Masovian salt storages. Simultaneously, the facility operates as a shipping harbour organising salt rafting three times a year, serviced by rafters supplying proper vessels for salt rafting, including barges, komiega rafts, galara, byk and lichtun. The development of the Kazimierz salt storage consisted of a house (a dwelling and a place where saltworks officials resided during salt loading), known as the manor house with adjoining farm buildings, including stables and storage sheds, distinguished by their vast sizes, assigned for salt loaves (salt clumps with columnar shapes and specific dimensions) and barrel salt (salt loaded into barrels in the mine and transported in this manner) usually built in parallel to the river bed, right by the water, next to the waterfront reinforced by fascine and wood. Descriptions of the development prepared by royal commissioners are included in the text of saltworks commissions from the period between 1581 and 1762. Destruction of the Kazimierz salt storage during the siege of Cracow by the Swedes and the repeated flooding of the Vistula in the 1670s resulted in closing of the facility. Its role between 1690 and 1717 was taken over by the salt storage and shipping harbour in Mogiła. The Kazimierz salt storage was officially reopened in 1718. Construction investments were conducted between 1725 and 1751, and a manor house, a storage shed, a stable and an additional shed for lime (rafted down the Vistula to Warsaw for the needs of the royal court) were subsequently built. Between 1730 and 1762, a modern harbour was constructed with stanchions and an outer water gauge. The Austrian administration which took over the management of the Kazimierz storage after the first partition of Poland in 1772, changed its official name into Podgorzer Salzniederlage in 1787; legal changes pertaining to the principles of salt trading made it subject to the Directorate of Salt Affairs in Lviv. The organisation of salt rafting was the obligation of the Imperial and Royal Podgórze Rafting Office (C.K. Podgórski Urząd Defluitacyjny), whose tasks were monitored, until 1795 (after further areas of the Republic of Poland were incorporated in the Austrian monarchy), by the Imperial and Royal Directorate for Salt Affairs in Podgórze (C.K. Dyrekcja do Spraw Solnych in Podgórze) (in 1805 transferred to Wieliczka). Between 1809 and 1815, the Podgórze storage, together with the entire district, was subject to the administration of the Duchy of Warsaw. Construction investments from the Austrian times include a second storage building made of brick (after 1804), renovation of administrative buildings, the waterfront, regulation of the Vistula River, as well as erection of a  new shed with two residential annexes and a large stable building with a storey. The last investment took place after 1810 and before 1820. The status of development is confirmed by the maps of 1779 – 1847. In 1847, the newly erected stable building was taken-over by the Austrian army for the cavalry needs. The salt storage was handling the sale of salt for the Prussian government and the Russian authorities of the Kingdom of Poland. The final expiry of such contracts (in 1858 and 1872), along with development of rail transport resulted in closing of the governmental salt storage in Podgórze. Since 1873, the storage buildings, handed over to the Poviat Treasury Directorate (Powiatowa Dyrekcja Skarbu) in Cracow, were used by commercial companies, army and treasury guards. They were disassembled during construction of the third bridge across the Vistula and Vistula boulevards (approx. 1912). Only the stable building has been preserved from the entire Podgórze salt storage and continued to be used by the army until 1939.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2016, 31; 9-59
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Solnictwo w carskiej Rosji. organizacja, technika wydobywcza, handel
    Salt production in the Russian empire. organization, excavation techniques, trade
    Autorzy:
    Krokosz, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487349.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Solnictwo
    carskia Rosja
    organizacja
    technika wydobywcza
    handel
    Salt
    production
    Russian empire
    organization
    excavation
    techniques
    trade
    Opis:
    The article presents the issues related to the Russian salt excavation and processing from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Within these three centuries arose several strong salt production centers scattered in different parts of Russia. In the north, the important role was played by saltworks held by the Solovetsky monastery, supplying all the Pomor Coast (lands extending at the White Sea) with salt and production facilities operating in Sol’vychegodsk. In the region of central Russia, the most important one was located near Staraya Russa near Novgorod, which is one of the oldest centers of salt production in the Ruthenian lands and Sol’ Galitskaya with its shallow brine sources. In the mid-sixteenth century through the Stroganov family evaporated salt production developed in the basin of the Kama River, and the “salt company” created by one of its members—Grigoriy Stroganov – at the beginning of the eighteenth century supplied up to 60% of this product to the internal market. In the 1580s the exploitation of salt lakes near Astrakhan increased and the salt obtained there was used for salting fish delivered to many Russian cities. In the first half of the eighteenth century the tax authorities acceded to obtain salt from the Caspian waters of Lake Alton, which soon—due to the significantly lower production costs—was able to partly drive the salt coming from old salt production centers out of the market. Almost simultaneously with cheap Alton salt a small amount of salt mined in Sol’ilieck (the Orenburg Province) appeared in the sale. The salt delivered to the Russian recipient until the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries was acquired from three main sources: the sea, the salt lakes and underground sources of brine (later rock salt began to be operated on a larger scale). The salt evaporation technique, which developed in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, survived almost unchanged until the end of the nineteenth century. In all Russian salt production centers one type of a saltery building operated and it could sometimes differ only by size (saltworks of the Stroganov family were usually larger). Also one form of chren was used—a large rectangular vessel to evaporate salt which was suspended over the furnace positioned in the middle of the saltery (in the White Sea salteries chrens were round). The course of evaporation was supervised by a “saltery master”, together with a group of apprentices. No less important role was played by the specialist knowledgeable in brine well digging technique, through which the brine got straight to the saltery. Salt production and trade in Russia from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries were profitable activities, although there were cases of bankruptcies of many manufacturers because they made bad investments. In 1705, Tsar Peter I, anxious to increase the income of the country introduced a monopoly on the salt trade. According to the decision of the ruler, the producers were required to provide the tax authorities with the product at a set price, and the authorities introduced it themselves to the market already with a reasonable profit. Despite later attempts to withdraw from such a policy or introduce other fiscal solutions, the state monopoly on salt sale survived in Russia until the nineteenth century.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2014, 29; 165-214
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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