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    Tytuł:
    The comparison of the results of laser scanning and classical surveying methods of measuring the area and volume in the chapel of St. Kinga in the salt mine of Bochnia
    Autorzy:
    Maciaszek, J.
    Madusiok, D.
    Matwij, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184225.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    mining deformations
    salt mine Bochnia
    area convergence
    laser scanning
    Opis:
    Providing a long durability of the historic salt mine of Bochnia demands proper observations, analyses and drawing conclusions based on them and leading to recognising and the assessment of a specific behaviour of the rock mass and the effectiveness of the protection from mining damage. The studies of the rock mass and surface deformation are carried out by the mine based on the results of the observations made with the methods of surveying. These observations include, among others, the measurements of the height of benchmarks stabilized on the surface and rock mass, the measurements of linear convergence (on the established vertical and horizontal bases in selected chambers of the mine); and since 2003 the attempts have been made to apply total stations and laser scanners to document the selected chambers. The article presents test studies on laser scanning carried out in the chapel of St. Kinga in the Bochnia Salt Mine in 2007 and 2013 (Fig. 1). They showed high accuracy of the scanning method both in the positioning of points of the salt excavation, in modelling, as well as calculation of the area of any cross-section (Fig. 2) and the volume of chambers of complicated shapes (Fig. 3). The carried out accuracy studies, analyses and comparisons were used in the calculation of the area convergence for the chapel of St. Kinga in the Bochnia Salt Mine. They make base for the calculation of volume do convergence in the near future.
    Zapewnienie długiego okresu trwałości zabytkowej Kopalni Soli Bochnia wymaga prowadzenia odpowiednich obserwacji, analiz i formułowania na tej podstawie wniosków dotyczących rozpoznania i oceny swoistych zachowań górotworu i skuteczności zabezpieczeń przed zagrożeniami górniczymi. Badania deformacji górotworu i powierzchni terenu kopalnia prowadzi na podstawie rezultatów obserwacji wykonanych metodami geodezyjnymi. Do tych obserwacji należą między innymi pomiary wysokości reperów zastabilizowanych na powierzchni i w górotworze czy pomiary konwergencji liniowej (na założonych bazach pionowych i poziomych w wybranych komorach kopalni). Od 2003 r. prowadzone były także próby zastosowania tachimetrów i skanerów laserowych do inwentaryzacji wybranych komór. Artykuł przedstawia badania testowe skaningu laserowego przeprowadzone w kaplicy św. Kingi w KS Bochnia w latach 2007 i 2013 (Fig. 1). Wykazały one dużą dokładność metody skaningowej zarówno w pozycjonowaniu punktów na wyrobisku solnym, w modelowaniu, jak i w obliczaniu powierzchni dowolnego przekroju (Fig. 2) oraz objętości komór 0 skomplikowanych kształtach (Fig. 3). Przeprowadzone badania dokładnościowe, analizy i porównania posłużyły do obliczenia konwergencji powierzchniowej w kaplicy św. Kingi (Tab. 1). Wartość konwergencji wyniosła średnio 3,01‰/rok, przy czym jej zróżnicowanie w różnych miejscach komory (określonych położeniem przekrojów) wyniosło od 2,42‰/rok do 3,91‰/rok. Objętość części komory wykorzystanej do badań obliczono dwoma niezależnymi metodami: metodą przekrojów (672,21 m3) i automatycznie algorytmem zawartym w programie Geomagic Qualify 2012 (672,72 m3). Metoda automatyczna uwzględnia wszystkie nieregularne miejsca pomijane w metodzie przekrojów. Różnica pomiędzy wynikami uzyskanymi dwoma niezależnymi metodami obliczeń wynosi 0,08%, co świadczy o bardzo wysokiej dokładności obliczania objętości tak nieregularnych brył jak kaplica św. Kingi. Pomiary i obliczenia wykonane w 2013 r. są podstawą do obliczenia konwergencji objętościowej kaplicy w najbliższym okresie.
    Źródło:
    Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2013, 39, 3; 211-221
    2299-8004
    2353-0790
    Pojawia się w:
    Geology, Geophysics and Environment
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Górniczo-konserwatorskie prace zabezpieczające zabytkowe wyrobiska "Zejścia Kalwaria" na poziomie Sobieski w Kopalni Soli "Bochnia"
    Mining and conservation protective works in monumental mining workings in "Zejście Kalwaria" on Sobieski Level in Salt Mine "Bochnia"
    Autorzy:
    Duda, Z.
    Hydzik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350317.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    kopalnia soli "Bochnia"
    zabytkowe obiekty podziemne
    górnicze prace zabezpieczające
    salt mine Bochnia
    underground monumental objects
    conservation works protective
    Opis:
    Zespół wyrobisk "Zejście Kalwaria", zlokalizowany we wschodniej części Kopalni Soli "Bochnia", łączy poziomy I Danielowiec oraz IV August. Ze względu na historyczno - geologiczny charakter, wyrobiska te objęte zostały ochroną konserwatorską. Po wykonaniu zaprojektowanej przebudowy i zabezpieczenia, zespół wyrobisk "Zejście Kalwaria°' zostanie włączony do Trasy Turystycznej. Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza prac konserwatorsko - zabezpieczających wyrobisk, aktualnie przebudowywanej części, na poziomie Sobieski i obejmują poprzecznik Reichetzer V i podłużnię Sobieski do skrzyżowania z poprzecznikiem Anguła. Opracowanie to stanowi kontynuację przebudowy, której pierwszy etap przedstawiono na XIII Międzynarodowym Sympozjum "Geotechnika 2008".
    Workings complex "Zejście Kalwaria" is located in eastern part of Salt Mine "Bochnia" and connects levels: I-st Danielowiec and IV-th August. For the sake of historical and geological function, this workings was enclosed of conservation protect. "Zejście Kalwaria" will be included to Touristic Route after reconstruction. The subject of this work is analysis of conservation and protects works in workings on Sobieski level, which are under reconstruction at this moment. This section includes galleries Reichetzer V and Sobieski towards crossing with gallery Anguła. This paper describes reconstruction continuation, which fist stage, was presented in XII-th International Symposium "Geotechnics 2008".
    Źródło:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2009, 33, 1; 133-143
    1732-6702
    Pojawia się w:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Petrological character of lignite (brown coal) from Badenian salts in the Bochnia Mine (Southern Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Wagner, M.
    Bukowski, K.
    Stochel, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059019.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Bochnia Salt Mine
    Mio cene, pe trog ra phy of brown coal (ortholignite)
    rock salt
    Opis:
    The salt deposit in Bochnia is located in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Foredeep. The salt succession, composed of rock salt deposits, with clay stone, mudstone and zuber interbeds was, in its original location, ca. 80 m thick. The carbonized organic material described herein occurs within three salt units: in the southern salts, in the middle salts, and in the northern salts. There are two petrographic forms of coal in the Bochnia rock salt succession: xylite and gelitic coal. Xylites are fragments of fossil wood. Externally, xylite demonstrates a fibrous texture, and can be splintered along the fissility with uneven transverse fractures. The fragments are strongly gelified and show a zonal structure: their internal parts are made of highly cracked textinite, although the external part of the xylite fragments is built of ulminite. The gelitic coal was found in the form of lenticles, formed exclusively of euulminite. Their main mineral components include metasideronatrite (Na242
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2010, 54, 4; 439-448
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Służbowo i prywatnie. znani i nieznani goście w bocheńskiej Żupie Solnej (do 1995 r.)
    Professional and private visits. well-known and unknown guests in the bochnia saltworks (until 1995)
    Autorzy:
    Wszołek, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Turyści
    kopalnia
    Bochnia
    Goście
    kopalnia soli
    tourists
    mine
    Guest
    Salt mine
    Opis:
    This is the first academic study of this type pertaining to the history of tourist traffic in the area of the Bochnia Salt Mine. In contrast to the Wieliczka Salt Mine, no general academic or popular science studies have been prepared with respect to this issue to date. Prior works devoted to the Bochnia Salt Mine did not deal with this issue. The objective of this article is an attempt at describing, throughout the history of the Bochnia Salt Mine, the gradual process of emergence and development of tourist traffic. The author of the work makes use of the existing manuscripts and printed sources, along with academic studies devoted directly or indirectly to the subject matter pertaining to the content of the article. Interviews conducted with the present and retired employees of the Bochnia Salt Mine also turned out to be helpful, both directors and traffic supervision employees, as well as persons directly involved in the tourist traffic servicing. Thanks to this, the gaps existing in the source materials and academic or popular science studies pertaining to the subject matter of the study were supplemented or filled. The history of tourist traffic described in the article was closely related to the history of the Bochnia Salt Mine. The reader is going to find out that this process was not easy, whereas its history is replete with obstacles and threats during various stages of development, including a complete disappearance of tourist activity, which was finally reinstated and which has been pursued to date. Therefore, the issue deserves a detailed study. In medieval sources, it is possible to find traces of princes’ and kings’ (and their officials’) stays in the mine. Such visits were purely official. Their objective was direct or indirect control over all aspects of operation of the subordinate enterprise. Visits of representatives of commerce and handicraft in the Bochnia Salt Mine, whose enterprises were closely and durably related to the current operation of the mine, had a more “economic” character The situation was similar with holders of permits and privileges from the group of contemporary wealthy people, both clerics and secular. The ongoing necessity of taking care of their economic interest was the most important for this group. Sources between the 16th and the 18th century offer new data. New categories of guests supplemented the above list of visitors in the Bochnia Salt Mine. The first one includes various travellers who, in their accounts or descriptions, offer the first experiences accompanying visits in the underground section of the mine. Another category are poets. Their works, preserved in the modern times, have a similar character, yet by their nature they are more filled with emotions. Therefore, all these authors were, in a certain way, “pioneers” – the first tourists in the modern sense of the word. The third category includes representatives of science, testifying to the growing interest in the Bochnia Salt Mine from a scientific perspective. They also form a part of the previously described group of travellers, who were testing their talents in the new area. These were predominantly people connected to the Bochnia Salt Mine who implemented their ideas, plans and intentions for its benefit. There was also yet another special category – the so-called “unwanted guests.” This group includes both “locals” and “foreigners”, whose activities had an adverse impact on the situation of the Bochnia Salt Mine. At the end of the 18th century, a certain fundamental change occurred in the above-described group of “guests” at the Bochnia Salt Mine. The owner of the mine changed – the Polish king was replaced by the Austrian emperor and royal officials were substituted by the imperial bureaucratic apparatus. Simultaneous abolishment of former permits and privileges resulted in absence of visits of clerics and lay people. What is more, the former system of connections of the mine with trade and municipal handicraft also ceased to exist. Representatives of such professions disappeared almost completely from the area of the Bochnia Salt Mine. The 19th century, especially its second half, brought development of initially disorganised tourist traffic in the form of individual and collective groups. Visits in the mine, hitherto a privilege reserved for the chosen few, suddenly became a very fashionable pastime for a broader group of people. This situation was intensified by development of communication and dissemination of press information, as well as popularity of local sightseeing associations. Such groups included local people, as well as guests from other countries, officials, teachers, clerics, military men, young people and children. The number of descriptions and travellers’ accounts, resulting from visits in the underground pits of the Bochnia Salt Mine, also soared. The Bochnia Salt Mine has become a more attractive place for the conduct of scientific studies by outstanding researchers and specialists from various areas of knowledge. The Bochnia Salt Mine was also a venue for didactic activities for the future practitioners of science, who pursued classes, internships and professional practice here. However, the described century and the beginning of the 20th century were not free from negative activities and decisions of the group known from earlier centuries as the “unwanted guests.” The inter-war period was a time of constant struggle with the governmental plans of liquidation of the Bochnia Salt Mine. In spite of the difficult situation, the unorganised tourist traffic of numerous groups and individuals (from the country and abroad) continued to flourish in the mine. The mine was also visited by scientists and young graduates who were acquiring the necessary knowledge and professional skills. What is more, middle school pupils and college students followed the example of their senior friends and attended special classes in the mine and visited it as part of activities of school sightseeing groups. It is also worth remembering that the outbreak of WWII halted the plans of establishing a sanatorium at the Bochnia Salt Mine. The period of Nazi occupation brought an end to popular visits in the Bochnia Salt Mine. At this time, the mine was only open for German people – ordinary citizens and military men. However, traces of stay of Polish people in the mine from this period have also been preserved – obviously, such visits were only possible upon the approval of the occupation authorities. Throughout the communist period, the idea of making the Bochnia Salt Mine available for tourists was not popular and it resurfaced only in the form of sporadic initiatives. In the 1950s, a visit in the mine formed a part of subsequent historical anniversaries celebrated in the city and the local saltworks. Similar initiatives, even though planned, were not implemented in the 1960s - they were going to form a part of the celebrations of the 1,000th anniversary of the Polish state. Nevertheless, plans pertaining to the visits in the Bochnia Salt Mine in the 1970s were successful – they were included in the extensive programme of the “Days of Bochnia” inaugurated at that time. The last activity in the described period took place in the 1980s, when sightseeing in the mine was included in the celebrations of another historical anniversary of the city. The 1980s were also a time of clear increased interest in the Bochnia Salt Mine as a historical facility. Inclusion of the most valuable pits and surface development of the mine in the list of national monuments definitely contributed to it. Simultaneously, next to the gradual process of limiting the industrial operation of the mine, former plans of establishing a sanatorium were brought back. This very difficult process of building a tourist and spa centre commenced at that time was halted by the political transformations of 1989. After 1990, it was continued for a long time until the middle of the 1990s. The author of the work adopted the year 1995 as the end for the study; it constitutes the opening of a completely new chapter in the history of the Bochnia Salt Mine. The unorganised tourist traffic was provided with durable legal and organisational framework in the form of a newly-established entity: Uzdrowisko Kopalnia Soli Bochnia Sp. z o.o. Between 1995 and 2014, the company has been servicing numerous groups of tourists and patients who come to the Bochnia Salt Mine every year. Traditional sightseeing in the historical mining pits has been gradually supplemented by educational, health and entertainment activities. In 2014, “Kopalnia Soli Bochnia Sp. z o.o.” took over the organisation and servicing of the tourist traffic, continuing the long-term tradition of the Bochnia Salt Mine in this respect.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2016, 31; 291-335
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uwarunkowania historyczne i prawno–organizacyjne górniczo–konserwatorskiego zabezpieczania zabytkowych wyrobisk Kopalni Bocheńskiej
    Historical, legal and organisational determinants of mining and conservation protection of historical pits in the Bochnia Salt Mine
    Autorzy:
    Charkot, Józef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487332.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    uwarunkowania historyczne
    organizacja
    zabezpieczania
    zabytkowe
    wyrobiska
    kopalnia
    Bochnia
    Historical legal
    mine
    conservation
    protection
    historical pits
    Salt Mine
    Opis:
    The objective of this article is to present hitherto accomplishments in the area of protection of the mine understood as a monument in a legal sense. They are presented in reference to securing activities in the mine, effected throughout the history of its functioning. These issues have not been presented in a  synthetic manner so far. The basic source material for the study was information accumulated in the course of documentation work conducted by the employees of the Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka (in cooperation with engineers and technical employees from the Bochnia Salt Mine) underground. The manner of presentation of issues discussed in the study derives from an analogous article pertaining to the Wieliczka Salt Mine, presented in volume XXIII of this yearbook. The necessity of securing the mining pits in the Bochnia Salt Mine has been apparent since the very beginning of its commercial operation. Various solutions were applied, frequently quite untypical, adjusted to the specific geological structure of the deposit. The basic material was wood, used to line the rising headings, as well as drifts in the weak rock mass. Extensive chambers were propped up with support columns, usually filled with mining spoil and contaminated salt types. The specific nature of the Bochnia Salt Mine was that the support columns were constructed of thin alder and birch trunks. Support columns made of thick pine, spruce or fir wood were rarely used. Some of the selected areas were liquidated by being completely filled with waste rocks and post-production waste. Smaller of them, left without any means of protection, were completely clamped after several centuries. The original form of securing the chambers from the progressing destruction was leaving them at the edge of a thin salt shell. Until the 18th century, transport routes were designated in some of them via lining or support columns, which connected exploitation areas located on various depths. Conservation work in the legal sense began only after inclusion of the mine in the list of monuments in 1981, even though some of the projects undertaken earlier had this objective in mind, especially in the underground chapels. Mining and conservation work is performed in a zone included under protection, i.e. on levels from I to IX, in most valuable mining pits, selected on the basis of substantive criteria with respect to the values of the mining pits. The selection was made by the employees of the Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka on the basis of materials accumulated during the systematic scientific and technical stock-taking conducted in the 1970s and 1980s; the list was approved by the Małopolska Province Monument Conservator in Kraków. It includes 65 chambers, 112 drifts, 3 shafts and 4 fore-shafts. Furthermore, the most valuable regions of the mine with respect to natural assets were encompassed by a detailed stocktaking in 2005 and subjected to additional legal protection on the basis of the Nature Conservation Act in the form of 27 documentation sites. The conservation authorities have also formulated guidelines pertaining to the procedure of preparing and performing work in the historical pits. The starting point is preparation of a historical and conservation study and subsequently a technical design relying on its recommendations. On this basis, permits are issued for the conduct of work in protected shafts, chambers and drifts. Direct supervision over the performance of work until 1999 was the obligation of the Province Monument Conservator in Tarnów, and later the Małopolska Province Monument Conservator in Kraków and, since 2016, the Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka. The basic source of financing for the conservation projects are funds deriving from the state budget, which may be formally assigned for such a purpose since 2000. Earlier (since 1991) they were fully assigned to liquidation work. As of 2000, funds assigned for specific projects from the National Environmental Protection and Water Management Fund constitute a significant supplement for the financing. Relatively small funds are also generated by the tourist and spa activities pursued since 1995. The majority of mining and conservation work was performed by the mining team of the Bochnia Salt Mine. Tasks calling for specialist equipment and special qualifications of employees were commissioned from external companies. The basic part of the work was concentrated on levels from I to IV, in mining pits that are the most valuable with respect to the presented historical values. The speed of work gained momentum after the mine was classified as the monument of history (2000). Initially, the work focused on securing pits that are assigned for being made available to tourists on level IV, i.e. the August Chamber, and on level VI: the Sienkiewicz Chamber and the Dobosz Inter-level. As a result of them, in 1995 the conditions in the mine allowed for admission of organised groups to the mine for the first time in history. Later, work was conducted in drifts and chambers assigned for thematically oriented exhibitions. In the first period, the greatest mining and conservation projects included securing the central part of the August Drift, along with adjoining corridors and the extensive Ważyn Chamber. Its adjustment to perform recreational and sanatorium-type functions required a lot of effort. In the second stage, work performed in the complex of mining pits called Zejście Kalwaria, spreading from level I Danielowiec to level IV August, was of great importance, as well as work at eleven sections of Regis Stairs connecting these levels. It is also necessary to mention professional conservation of the 18th century Passionis Chamber and opening the 17th century Krucyfiks Chamber for tourists. Performance of mining and conservation work has acquired a special rank and should be an absolute priority after inclusion of the Salt Mine in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2013.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2016, 31; 119-150
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przykład wykorzystania analizy dendrochronologicznej w datowaniu obudów górniczych w Kopalni Soli w Bochni
    An Example of Application of Dendrochronological Analysis for Dating of Timbers from the Bochnia Salt Mine
    Autorzy:
    Szychowska-Krąpiec, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026772.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrochronologia
    drewno kopalniane
    Kopalnia Soli Bochnia
    datowanie
    kopalnie soli
    obudowy drewniane
    tree−ring analysis
    timber
    salt mine
    bochnia
    poland
    Opis:
    The presented study deal with the dendrochronological dating of wood sampled from timbering in the Bochnia salt mine. The exact dates of felling trees that had been used for timbering were determined by applying the tree−ring analysis for wood from three mining chambers: the Passionis chapel, the Mysiur stable and the Rabsztyn chamber. It transpired that the analysed timbers originated from different periods representing the time interval between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. The wood from the Passionis chapel was dated 1652 while that from the Rabsztyn chamber comes from the eighteen century and from the Mysiur stable – from the eighteen and nineteen centuries.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 09; 47-52
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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