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Tytuł:
The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents
Autorzy:
Baka, Lukasz
Derbis, Romuald
Maxfield, Molly
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
terror management theory
cultural worldview
mortality salience
juvenile delinquents
Opis:
Terror management research indicates that people reminded of mortality strongly affirm values and standards consistent with their cultural worldview and distance themselves from values and standards inconsistent with it. However, limited research has addressed how individuals holding beliefs inconsistent with the dominant worldview cope with death-related anxiety. The present article aims to determine which worldview subcultural groups rely on when reminded of mortality: mainstream or subcultural? Juvenile delinquents living in residential reformatories in Poland were invited to participate in a terror management study examining the anxiety-buffering strategies of individuals belonging to a group largely outside mainstream culture. Following reminders of mortality, juvenile delinquents increased support for values consistent with the mainstream cultural worldview and decreased support for values consistent with the subcultural worldview, as compared to control conditions. The present results suggest that when faced with existential threat, the subcultural worldview does not provide an adequate anxiety buffer, leading members of this subcultural group to display increased identification with mainstream cultural values. Additionally, participants’ state anxiety following death reminders was mediated by mainstream cultural worldview defense.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 1; 1-11
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Socio-Cultural Situatedness in Style Attribution: A Study of Style in Hungarian
Autorzy:
Ballagó, Júlia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
joint attention
metapragmatic awareness
social salience
socio-cultural factors
socio-cultural situatedness
style attribution
stylistic markedness
Opis:
Building upon the theoretical foundations of social cognitive linguistics, this paper makes the case for considering the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness in the intersubjective context of joint attention as a key factor in the process of style attribution. Specifically, socio-cultural situatedness is regarded as a crucial component of the speaker’s perspective, playing a decisive role in the construal of style. In order to support this central assumption, the paper presents a two-phase empirical study of style in Hungarian. In the first phase, the authors conducted a questionnaire study to find out which everyday, intuitive labels of style give evidence of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness. The questionnaire made use of 12 excerpts of Hungarian university seminars to elicit reflections on style attributions. In the second phase, relying on the results of the first survey, a subsequent questionnaire was conducted. The aim of the second questionnaire was to operationalize folk categories of style attested in the first phase to describe style and measure stylistic markedness. Reconsidering earlier descriptive models, we found that the folk categories of style foreground different aspects of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness which – on a more abstract level – can be successfully described by the heuristic scientific categories of socio-cultural factors, which imply the speaker’s socio-cultural attitude to different aspects of style in the recipient’s interpretation. The speaker’s socio-cultural attitude comprises her attitude to the formation of discourse, to the discourse partner, to the value of the topic, to the temporality of constructions and to the norms of the register of the discourse.
Źródło:
New Horizons in English Studies; 2020, 5; 3-23
2543-8980
Pojawia się w:
New Horizons in English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian
Autorzy:
Baroni, Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-11-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
complexity
obstruent clusters
casual speech
phonotactics
acoustic salience
Opis:
Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.
Źródło:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2014, 1, 1; 29-53
2449-7525
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian
Autorzy:
Baroni, Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1151872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
complexity
obstruent clusters
casual speech
phonotactics
acoustic salience
Opis:
Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.
Źródło:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2014, 1, 1
2449-7525
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brain, mind and modern human identity – dilemmas and solutions
Autorzy:
Błaszak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
predictive mind
bayesian brain
salience network
central executive network
default mode network
human cognitive evolution
Opis:
Human brain is “the perfect guessing machine” (James V. Stone (2012) Vision and Brain, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, p. 155), trying to interpret sensory data in the light of previous biases or beliefs. Bayesian inference is carried out by three complex networks of the human brain: salience network, central executive network, and default mode network. Their function is analysed both in neurotypical person and Attention Deficit Disorder. Modern human being having predictive brain and overloaded mind must develop social identity, whose evolution went probably through three stages: social selection based on punishment, sexual selection based on reputation, and group selection based on identity.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2017, 1
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Functionally salient features in the semantics of lexical items
Cechy funkcjonalnie wyraziste w semantyce jednostek leksykalnych
Autorzy:
Budnikova, Alyona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
wyrazistość funkcjonalna
znaczenie leksykalne
ważność cechy
profilowanie
nazwy zwierząt
functional salience
lexical meaning
feature weights
profiling
Opis:
The aim of the present research is to work out and test a model of lexical meaning in terms of the functional salience of its constituents, i.e. the frequency of profiling of semantic features in different aspects of word functioning: as an element in the language system (paradigmatic salience), in context (syntagmatic salience), and in the formation of derived units (derivational salience). These parameters, viewed as objective criteria to assess feature weights, are used to reconstruct the organization of semantic features in the meanings of some common English animal names.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wypracowanie i przetestowanie modelu znaczenia leksykalnego odnośnie wyrazistości funkcjonalnej składników, tzn. częstotliwości profilowania cech semantycznych w różnych aspektach funkcjonowania słowa: jako element w systemie języka (wyrazistość paradygmatyczna), w kontekście (wyrazistość syntagmatyczna) oraz w tworzeniu jednostek derywacyjnych (wyrazistość derywacyjna). Elementy te – postrzegane jako obiektywne kryteria do oceny ważności cech – używane są do rekonstrukcji organizacji cech semantycznych znaczeń powszechnie występujących nazw zwierząt w języku angielskim.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2015, 15; 79-96
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lexical Concepts as Fluctuating Structures
Autorzy:
Budnikova, Alyona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
Tematy:
lexical concept
feature weights
ways-of-seeing
facets
meaning
profiling
salience
Opis:
Lexical concepts (i.e. semantic units conventionally associated with linguistic forms) are viewed in the article as structures consisting of interrelated facets (i.e. conceptual slots filled with various types of information about the referent) with different structural weight. The paper suggests a way to model the graded structure of lexical concepts by assessing the weight of each constituting facet according to its relevance for defining purposes, frequency of contextual profiling and salience in derivation processes. Thus, the approach taken exploits as many linguistic points of access to the concept as possible and uses three different dimensions to range its facets. The suggested idea is verified with a case study of some common lexical concepts in English (e.g. represented by concrete nouns such as “bird”, “tree”, etc.), which reveals both the advantages and the limitations of the approach taken.
Źródło:
Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
0137-6608
Pojawia się w:
Studia Semiotyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Political Representation of Salient Issues
Autorzy:
Burean, Toma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
political representation
congruence
salience
left-right
Eastern Europe
Opis:
This paper deals with research into the quality of democracy and political representation and intends to make two contributions to the debate on the representation of citizens’ preferences in Eastern Europe. First, attention is focused on the level of congruence in a period of transition (1998–2001) in two countries: Hungary and Poland. The intent is to demonstrate that political representation, understood as a congruence of preferences on issues, is present in transitional democracies and improves in Poland from 1997 to 2001. Second, differences in congruence are accounted for. The first hypothesis is that citizens’ and parliamentarians’ rankings of the importance of issues will differ due to the different reasons these groups become involved in politics. Secondly, the variation of congruence is explained by the importance (salience) citizens attribute to an issue. Furthermore, saliency makes political parties crowd to represent the majority preference. On less salient issues political party representatives hold to their ideological preferences. For comparison purposes congruence is operationalized as a ‘one to many linkage’ and is measured in accord with the measurements of Kitschelt et al. (1999) of absolute and relative representation. The hypotheses are tested using data from 1997 and 2001 for Poland and 1998 for Hungary. The data allows for measuring policy preference on a range of issues in economic, social, cultural, and foreign policy domains. The measures of congruence are unique in recording the preferences of a sample of citizens and a sample of representatives in both countries. For citizens, the analysis was conducted at the level of individuals and party-supporter groups, while for the MPs, it was conducted at the level of political party groups. The findings have implications for the study of how saliency affects political representation and contribute to the understanding of the transition to democracy in Eastern Europe.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2015, 191, 3; 329-353
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Etnolingwistyka daleka i bliska
Autorzy:
Głaz, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/611827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
ethnolinguistics, ethnography, abduction, salience, corpus, textual data
etnolingwistyka
etnografia
abdukcja
wyrazistość
korpus
dane tekstowe
Opis:
Lublin ethnolinguistics, its value and possibilities of promotion in a broader international context, must be seen against the backdrop of comparable approaches (not necessarily functioning under the same name) proposed in Western linguistics or drawing inspiration from Western scholarship. The latter is represented in the present volume by articles authored by Gary B. Palmer, Bert Peeters, Irena Vanková, and Przemysław Łozowski and Anna Włodarczyk-Stachurska, all being discussed in this introductory survey.Next, ideas are proposed for future action aimed at popularizing Lublin ethnolinguistics in the West, as well as establishing networks of collaborators from Western countries.
Autor stwierdza, że sytuację lubelskiej etnolingwistyki, jej wartość i możliwość zaistnienia w szerszym kontekście międzynarodowym, należy postrzegać na tle zbliżonych koncepcji językoznawczych (niekoniecznie funkcjonujących pod tą samą nazwą) wypracowanych w świecie zachodnim lub czerpiących z zachodnich tradycji lingwistycznych. Reprezentują je publikowane w niniejszym tomie „Etnolingwistyki” (27) artykuły autorstwa Gary’ego Palmera, Berta Peetersa, Ireny Vankovej oraz Przemysława Łozowskiego i AnnyWłodarczyk-Stachurskiej, które autor omawia. Postuluje podjęcie działań mających na celu promocję myśli lubelskiej na Zachodzie oraz pozyskanie do współpracy badaczy stamtąd.
Źródło:
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury; 2015, 27
0860-8032
Pojawia się w:
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Multiple Metonymies Within Indirect Speech Acts
Autorzy:
Kosecki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conceptual distance
construal of salience
idealized cognitive model (ICM)
indirect directive
indirect speech act
metonymic chain
metonymy
multiple metonymies
multi-levelled metonymies
zone activation
Opis:
Indirect speech acts are frequently structured by more than a single metonymy. The metonymies are related not only to the illocutionary force of the utterances, but also function within the individual lexemes being their parts. An indirect speech act can thus involve not only multiple, but also multi-levelled operation of conceptual metonymy.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2007, 5; 213-219
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Usability of Scenario Studies: the Case of the EUruralis from the Users’ Perspective
Autorzy:
Kowalczewska, Katarzyna
Turnhout, Esther
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-03-21
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
EUruralis
boundary object
credibility
legitimacy
salience
coproduction
Opis:
Scenario studies are seen as useful tools to support planning and decision making processes because they provide integrated projections of future trends and developments and their impacts on land use. They play an important role in facilitating cooperation and interaction at the science policy interface. This article contributes to new understandings of the role of science-based tools and instruments such as scenario studies at the science-policy interface. It uses a theoretical framework that connects the criteria of credibility, salience and legitimacy to the concepts of coproduction and boundary object to analyze the EUruralis project; a scenario study that addresses the future of agriculture and rural development in Europe. The findings demonstrate that aspects related to legitimacy contributed to the capacity of the EUruralis to function as a boundary object between the scientists and policymakers involved. They also show how cooperation in the EUruralis project resulted in joint learning and reflection. The article concludes by discussing the role of the EUruralis as a boundary object and connecting the findings to the concept of coproduction.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2012, 177, 1; 91-106
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defense strategies against existential fear
Autorzy:
Łukaszewski, Wiesław
Boguszewska, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mortality salience
self-esteem
worldview
social approval
mood regulation
Opis:
This paper analyzes people’s responses to the experience of the strongest existential terror – the fear of death. The first section describes the Terror Management Theory (TMT) and its proposed ways of reducing fear: by boosting one’s self-esteem and by activating a collective system of meanings. However, much of the data discussed further in the paper shows that facts related to the experience of mortality salience are better explained and predicted by the assumption that the regulatory mechanism relies on seeking social approval and on mood regulation. This has been reflected by such surprising behavior as increased interest in one’s appearance, conspicuous consumption, or seeking power in response to confronting the idea of death. However, further studies are needed to resolve existing controversies.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2008, 4
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Język, kultura, wartość – ku lingwistyce opartej na abdukcji i wyrazistości
Autorzy:
Peeters, Bert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/611351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
applied ethnolinguistics
language teaching
languaculture
abduction
salience
etnolingwistyka stosowana
nauka języka obcego
jezyko-kultura
abdukcja
wyrazistość
Opis:
In recent work, I have laid the foundations of a framework which I refer to as applied ethnolinguistics, and which is intended as a tool that can be used in the advanced foreign language classroom to make students aware of the fact that the language they are learning contains numerous cues that can help them gain a better understanding of the cultural values generally upheld by native speakers of their chosen foreign language. The notions of languaculture, abductive reasoning, and salience will be integrated into what is hoped to be a coherent procedure for dealing with apparently inexplicable cultural behaviours. Six pathways, ethnolexicology, ethnorhetoric, ethnophraseology, ethnosyntax, ethnopragmatics, and ethnoaxiology, are proposed as specific directions guiding the process of language and culture teaching in a multicultural classroom.
W jednej z niedawnych prac autor zaproponował model etnolingwistyki stosowanej jako narzędzia do wykorzystania w nauce języka obcego na poziomie zaawansowanym (na uczelniach wyższych). Model ten ma służyć uświadomieniu studentom, iż poznają oni liczne wskazówki mogące pomóc w zrozumieniu wartości kulturowych wyznawanych przez rodzimych użytkowników danego języka obcego. Jest to zintegrowany model łączący pojęcia języko-kultury, abdukcji i wyrazistości, mający pomóc w zrozumieniu pozornie niewytłumaczalnych zachowań o podłożu kulturowym. Służy temu sześć „ścieżek” funkcjonujących jako drogowskazy dla nauczycieli i studentów, pomagających im wykorzystać możliwości stwarzane przez kontekst wielokulturowych zajęć uniwersyteckich; są to: etnoleksykologia, etnoretoryka, etnofrazeologia, etnoskładnia, etnopragmatyka i etnoaksjologia.
Źródło:
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury; 2015, 27
0860-8032
Pojawia się w:
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis and Short Presentation of Study on Motivational Salience and Satisfaction with Training in the Field of Security and Defence
Autorzy:
Petrova, Elitsa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1427286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
motivational salience of military students
satisfaction with training
military training
professional preparation of cadets
cechy motywacyjne studentów wojskowych
satysfakcja ze szkolenia
przeszkolenie wojskowe
przygotowanie zawodowe kadetów
Opis:
Purpose: The purpose of the article is a presentation and an analysis of research on motivational salience and satisfaction with training in the field of security and defense that was carried out with the assistance of a number of universities and academies in Europe. Method: Survey research and statistical analysis including, and certain statistical methods were applied for processing of the grouped statistical data, their interpretation and offering of the relevant decisions. Results: The study attempts to outline the foundation of the methodology for conducting research on motivational salience and its relation with satisfaction in security and defense training, following the example of higher education institutions in Europe. The research findings are characterized by the scale of scientific and practical research and covering 19 educational institutions in the field of security and defense in Europe. The research is distinguished by the presence of a scientific subject not only at the national level but also at the international level. The results are in the area of interest to the academic staff of the military universities and academies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, and others. Conlusion/findings: The study was discussed at the extended scientific board of the Logistics of the Security Department at the Vasil Levski National Military University in Bulgaria. The thesis that has been elaborated as a result of carried out works was the subject of the defense in the Security and Defence area of higher education in Bulgaria.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2020, 5, 10; 26-36
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genesis and Development of Research on Motivational Sailence at the Vasil Levski National Military University of Bulgaria
Autorzy:
Petrova, Elitsa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1427308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
motivational salience of military students
satisfaction with training
military training
professional preparation of cadets
cechy motywacyjne studentów wojskowych
satysfakcja ze szkolenia
przeszkolenie wojskowe
przygotowanie zawodowe kadetów
Opis:
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to search and presenting methods of supporting education in the field of security and defense using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific fields, where one of these is the motivation salience area. Method: Survey-based on the questionnaire that included 24 points, helping achieve the scientific goals and allow testing the validity of the research hypothesis formulated and made scientific assumptions. The representative sample has been made up of 156 people. Results: The main part of the study was conducted in the period 2013-2017 and aims to analyze the motivational performance in the training process of four consecutive classes of learners in order to develop models for linear prognosis of trends on certain dimensions: 1) Personal effort, 2) Perceptions and attitudes towards equity 3) Achieved results and performance, 4) Positive and negative reinforcements, awards and sanctions, 5) Relation expected effort - prize probability - degree of satisfaction. Conlusion/findings: Protecting and promoting the development of Bulgarian education in the field of security and defense could not be achieved without stepping up cooperation in a bilateral format and without using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific projects in the EU Encouraging and motivating young people to continue their education in these areas is an important milestone in overcoming social and demographic problems through the production of security and defense specialists without neglecting the need to develop and strengthen the scientific and research activities for their training needs and the process of acquiring appropriate education.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2020, 5, 10; 1-12
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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