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Tytuł:
Wrocław’s Motorway Ring-Road—Noise Protection
Autorzy:
Rudno-Rudzińska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
road noise protection
acoustic barriers
Opis:
The 35.4-km stretch of the A8 motorway, i.e., Wrocław’s motorway ring-road (WMRR), passes through the north-west part of the city of Wrocław and 4 neighbouring districts. Analyses have shown that WMRR will be a source of noise in the environment, which may adversely affect large areas. Normative environmental protection acts mandate taking all the necessary technical and organizational measures to reduce noise generated by the operation of WMRR in order to comply with the acoustic environment quality standards. The paper presents the research methodology adopted for assessing noise impact and designing acoustic barriers, and proposed designs of acoustic barriers which take into account the acoustic requirements, technical limitations, urban development, and architectural conditions.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2007, 13, 4; 399-408
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja zadań zarządców dróg wojewódzkich - bezpieczeństwo i wygoda podróżowania
Tasks of Provincial Road Managers – Safety and Convenience of Travelling
Autorzy:
Ostaszewski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
provincial roads
road manager
renovation
reconstruction
road maintenance
technical condition of the surface
road protection
Opis:
The maintenance of the appropriate condition of the road infrastructure, as well as the regularity of its management, significantly affect the improvement of safety and convenience of regional movement. In this context, the Supreme Audit Office conducted an audit of the activities of the road administrators in the Łódzkie, Małopolskie, Mazowieckie and Podlaskie Regions (these units managed 6,701.5 km of roads in total), and in the Municipal Road Administration (MZD) in Płock and in Warsaw. The audit covered the entities that manage ca. 23.6% of the regional roads in Poland.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2018, 63, 6 (383); 150-156
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model symulacyjny elementu ściany gabionowej stabilizującej nasyp komunikacyjny
Simulation model of gabion wall element stabilizing communication embankment
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, W.
Surowiecki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/404144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Symulacji Komputerowej
Tematy:
model symulacyjny
element ściany gabionowej
ściana gabionowa
stabilizacja nasypu komunikacyjnego
zabezpieczenie dróg
zabezpieczenie dróg kolejowych
simulation model
gabion wall element
gabion wall
communication embankment stabilization
road protection
railway road protection
Opis:
Temat referatu dotyczy ścian oporowych skonstruowanych z koszy siatkowo-kamiennych (tzw. gabionów), stosowanych w budownictwie komunikacyjnym w celu zabezpieczenia skarp budowli ziemnych przed osuwiskami. Przedstawiono fizyczny symulacyjny model pracy pojedynczego gabionu, wykonany w skali laboratoryjnej. Doświadczalnie oszacowano cechy wytrzymałościowe gabionu w funkcji wybranych parametrów zmiennych. Podano propozycję numerycznego modelowania stanu odkształcenia elementu gabionowego.
The subject of the paper refers to gabion retaining walls, as the solution of earthen structures protection of motor roads and railway roads against the slope failures. There were presented the test of estimation of strength characteristics of gabions on the basis of deformations researches of physical gabion models. In particular estimated: the factor of horizontal pressure, the effect of load capacity increase on account of net-basket and the horizontal reinforcing rod and shear strength.
Źródło:
Symulacja w Badaniach i Rozwoju; 2011, 2, 2; 103-111
2081-6154
Pojawia się w:
Symulacja w Badaniach i Rozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona przed hałasem komunikacyjnym w obszarach miejskich w programach ochrony środowiska przed hałasem
Protection against traffic noise in urban areas in relation to noise control plans
Autorzy:
Bohatkiewicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/390586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
hałas komunikacyjny
ochrona przed hałasem drogowym
uspokojenie ruchu
traffic noise
protection against road traffic noise
traffic calming
Opis:
Zanieczyszczenie hałasem komunikacyjnym jest jednym z najbardziej niekorzystnych oddziaływań dotykających ludzi mieszkających w miastach. Praktycznie jedna trzecia mieszkańców dużych miast w Polsce jest trwale zagrożona głównie hałasem komunikacyjnym, który może mieć negatywny wpływ na stan zdrowia. Podobny problem ma miejsce w większości miast europejskich. Problemy te doczekały się jednolitych uregulowań prawnych w UE i w Polsce. Ochrona środowiska przed hałasem w dużych miastach wynika z przepisów dotyczących konieczności sporządzania map hałasu oraz programów ochrony środowiska przed hałasem. Programy te zawierają m.in. sposoby ochrony przed hałasem komunikacyjnym do zastosowania w konkretnych miejscach. Miejsca te określane są przez wskaźnik "M", którego wartości są tym wyższe im większa jest liczba mieszkańców zamieszkujących dany teren i wartość przekroczeń wartości dopuszczalnych hałasu. W dotychczas wykonywanych programach ochrony przed hałasem przyjmowane są różnego rodzaju metody i środki ochrony przed hałasem komunikacyjnym. W wielu przypadkach metody te stanowią wyłącznie doraźne rozwiązania o niewystarczającej efektywności w miastach, jak np. ekrany akustyczne. Wyniki badań pilotażowych wskazują, że efektywnym środkiem ochrony akustycznej otoczenia ulic w obszarach zabudowy mogą być kompleksowo zastosowane fizyczne środki uspokojenia ruchu drogowego. Efektywność tych urządzeń może być wyższa niż dotychczas powszechnie stosowanych rozwiązań, przy jednoczesnym braku dodatkowego zajęcia terenu.
Exposure to traffic noise belongs to the most harmful impacts affecting people who live in towns. Nearly one third of residents of big towns in Poland suffers from permanent exposure to traffic noise, which may have adverse effects on health. The same refers to most European cities. The problems of noise is regulated by identical legislation in the EU and in Poland. Noise control in big towns arises from regulations related to obligatory provision of noise mapping and noise control plans. The plans contain, among other things, site-specific methods of protection against traffic noise. Those sites are defined by means of the “M” index, whose value is the higher the more people live in the area and the more permissible noise levels are exceeded. The noise control plans prepared to-date contain a range of methods and measures aimed at ensuring protection against traffic noise. In many cases those methods are nothing but improvised response and are not effective enough in towns, for example noise barriers. Results of pilot research indicates that comprehensive physical traffic calming measures may prove to be an effective and long lasting noise control solution in the surrounding of streets in urban areas. Physical traffic calming may be more effective than the measures commonly used so far which does not require additional land acquisition.
Źródło:
Budownictwo i Architektura; 2014, 13, 4; 75-82
1899-0665
Pojawia się w:
Budownictwo i Architektura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zrównoważony rozwój bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym na przykładzie powiatu raciborskiego
Sustainable development of road traffic safety on the example of Raciborz county
Autorzy:
Florek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1181572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
protection
traffic
traffic incident
road accident
Opis:
Even in the ancient times, the need to ensure the safety of human life and the willingness and the possibility of free movement of people with the simultaneous development of means of transport, was noticed by people responsible for the safety of other people. There, where danger was noted, the rules for moving along the routes were gradually introduced. These rules were applied to pedestrians and riders, and later they were adapted to the development of communication technology and they also concerned people using mechanical and non-mechanical vehicles. The sustainable development of technologies related to the road traffic, combined with the rule of adapting the regulations defining the principles of moving on the roads and at the same time ensuring safety for all road users, continues to this day. The constant need to improve the road infrastructure or the need and possibility of free movement is reflected in the revisions of road traffic regulations, which not only ensure our safety at the present time, but also impose obligations on us. The need to make revision of the regulations, resulting from continuous safety analyses, shows which traffic-related areas should be focused on. Among others, such areas are infrastructure, safety related services and supervision over road traffic, the need to introduce innovative safety systems and preventive measures. With reference to the aforementioned areas, an analysis of road safety was carried out on the basis of the road incidents and their participants. The aforementioned safety analysis was carried out on the basis of the statistical data on road incidents that occurred in Raciborz County in the years 2015-2019, where the number of road incidents is presented, divided by legal qualifications, groups of road users, testimonies of road users in connection with the violation of road traffic regulations, the results of road incidents, with indication which “areas” should be focused on in order to improve road safety.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2020, 2(99); 139-149
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Legal Basis for Protection against Road Traffic Noise: An Outline of the Issue. Part One
Prawne podstawy ochrony przed hałasem drogowym. Zarys problematyki. Część pierwsza
Autorzy:
Poniatowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
road traffic noise
protection against road traffic noise
legal regulations
noise standards
acoustic climate
hałas drogowy
ochrona przed hałasem drogowym
regulacje prawne
normy hałasu
klimat akustyczny
Opis:
The article presents a multi-faceted analysis of legal regulations relating to protection against road traffic noise. The problem of this kind of noise is topical and very important. The development of traffic networks, the growing number of cars on Polish roads and the development of towns and cities mean that more and more people are exposed to harmful noise from roads. In view of this, it is necessary to establish whether the legislation provides for adequate protection against road traffic noise. In the first part of the article, the author justified the need to discuss this issue, referred to the concept of noise, the permissible levels of environmental noise, as well as the entities obliged to provide protection against road traffic noise. He paid particular attention to the noise standards in force in Poland, indicating that they are too high and do not allow for a proper acoustic climate.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest wieloaspektowa analiza regulacji prawnych odnoszących się do ochrony przed hałasem drogowym. Problem hałasu tego rodzaju jest aktualny i bardzo istotny. Rozwój sieci komunikacyjnych, zwiększająca się z roku na rok liczba samochodów jeżdżących po polskich drogach oraz rozwój miast powodują, że coraz większa liczba ludzi narażona jest na szkodliwy hałas pochodzący z dróg. W takim stanie rzeczy konieczne jest ustalenie, czy przepisy prawa przewidują odpowiednią ochronę przed hałasem drogowym. W części pierwszej artykułu autor uzasadnił potrzebę omówienia wzmiankowanej problematyki, odniósł się do pojęcia hałasu, dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku, a także podmiotów zobowiązanych do zapewnienia ochrony przed hałasem drogowym. Szczególną uwagę poświęcił obowiązującym w Polsce normom hałasu, wskazując, że są zbyt wysokie i nie pozwalają na zapewnienie właściwego klimatu akustycznego.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2022, 31, 1; 135-148
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomethane as a fuel for city transport
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Żółtowski, A.
Grzelak, P. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biomethane
biogas
road transport
environmental protection
CNG
Opis:
Depletion of fossil energy sources, and thus the prices increase of conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, the energy security and dependence on imported fuels, as well as the deteriorating environment and global warming mean that there are more and more new technologies using renewable energy sources nowadays. In the medium- and long-term perspective a significant changes are needed regarding means of transport in ensuring "sustainable mobility", while the horizon of short-term solution is the implementation of biofuels, including biogas refined to form of biomethane, and renewable alternative fuels. Biomethane is produced from waste organic matter. Directive 2009/28/EC indicates the benefits of using waste for the production of transport fuels, to decarbonisation of the energy sector and requires Member States of UE to use renewable fuels. The paper presents possibilities for the biomethane production, as well as conditions to use it as fuel to power city buses. The level of current use of gaseous fuels in the national urban transport was specified, and also conducted an evaluation of benefits, especially ecological, to use these fuels for these applications.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 175-179
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrogenization of road transport on the example of Sweden, Poland and Japan
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Gis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
hydrogenization
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
The article analyses the activities within the EU and national (Sweden, Poland) concerning the introduction of hydrogen fuel in road transport. The advantages and disadvantages of this drive were addressed. A directional program of hydrogen propulsion technology motion was presented on the example of Sweden and Poland. The most recent activities in Sweden regard the so-called Nordic Hydrogen Corridor European Project. The location of basic hydrogen refuelling stations in Poland until 2030 was proposed (HIT-2-Corridors European Project). These stations should be located in both TEN-T corridors running through Poland, i.e. in 1 – Poznan, 2 – Warsaw, 3 – Bialystok, 4 – Szczecin, 5 – the Lodz region, 6 – the Tri-City region, 7 – Wroclaw, 8 – the Katowice region, 9 – Krakow, to ensure the possibility of passing vehicles equipped with fuel cells (FCEV – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) among others between Western Europe and Scandinavia. For comparison, the article discusses FCEV development and initial hydrogen market creation in Japan. In the article is presented reasons for hydrogen society in Japan. The reasons are as follows: hydrogen is CO2 free; hydrogen can be produced from various sources, energy security – local production and consumption of energy, energy security – compensating for fluctuations in renewable energy production. In the article is presented Hydrogen/FCEV strategy Roadmap in Japan in context Hydrogen/FCEV Roadmap in China.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 137-140
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emissions from engines fuelled with biofuels
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, A
Grzelak, P. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biofuels
emissions
road transport
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
In recent years, the interest in the use of renewable fuels in transport has increased. This is due to the European Union’s policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These fuels, in addition to the effect of reducing carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases, may increase the emissions of other exhaust components. The article describes the problems of pollutants emissions from the engine exhaust system, related to the use of biofuels in combustion engines or their additives in conventional fuels. The influence of the chemical composition of selected biofuels on the emissions properties of vehicles and their engines will be discussed. The tests results of engines fuelled with selected biofuels, carried out by the authors of the article, will be presented. These tests will be carried out on chassis dynamometer and engine test bench, in standard research tests used in measurements of pollutants emissions like NEDC, ESC, ETC, etc. Furthermore, selected operational parameters of vehicles and engines will be compared with biofuels and conventional fuels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 533-539
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic analysis for technical and executive projects with geosynthetic materials for the protection of linear structures in the mining areas
Analiza ekonomiczna dla projektów technicznych i wykonawczych z materiałami geosyntetycznymi do ochrony struktur liniowych na obszarach górniczych
Autorzy:
Kadela, M.
Gwóźdź-Lasoń, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
protection cost
geo-mattress
mining area
road pavement
Opis:
This paper discusses the design, execution and economic aspect of building investments such as roads located in mining impact areas. The main identified variables include material items, road investment structure safety and economic analysis of the proposed solutions. Details of design guidelines, including geo-synthetic materials, are presented which meet the initial assumptions for a road structure, such as relevant interaction with adverse mining impact of the subsoil. The presented structure protection and reinforcement solutions are analysed for mining areas of Categories II, III and IV. The expected knowledge of the road structure use and the forecasted mining impact based on material guidelines concerning technical use of each group of geo- -synthetics provides a computational model of the whole investment cost, discussed in the paper. The nature of the issue is interdisciplinary, and includes the aspects of geo-synthetic materials technology, road structure design, geotechnical analysis, stochastic processes, econometrics and reliable source data to forecast the operating impact of mines on the analysed urbanised transport areas.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura; 2021, 20, 1; 39-49
1644-0633
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electromobility and hydrogenization of the motor transport in Poland now and in the future
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
hydrogenization
combustion engines
electromobility
environmental protection
Opis:
The article analyses activities within the world, EU and Poland in aspect electromobility and hydrogenization now and in the future. Will be presented estimates cars park of global hybrid (HEV), hybrid plug-in (PHEV) and fully electric (BEV). Changes in production volumes and number of registered types of vehicles as abovementioned are presented in a breakdown into world. The overall number of HEVs produced thus far is estimated at approx. 12.5 million and over 1.3 million in Europe. There are roughly 38 thousand HEVs registered in Poland. There were about 800.000 hybrid plug-in vehicles registered in the world in 2016. Of 3.2 million electric plug-in vehicles and BEVs used in the world in 2017 more than 1.2 million were used in China, approx. 750 thousand in the USA, 850 thousand in Europe, including c.a. 650 thousand in the EU countries. Yet, electric plug-in vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs) globally accounted for just 0.3% of the worldwide fleet of passenger cars in 2017. The article also addresses the development of the electric vehicles market and the annual new vehicle registrations. The existing situation in the field of hydrogenization motor transport in the world, in the EU and in Poland will also be analysed. This will be analysed in terms of the number of hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 95-101
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic properties of aluminium alloys used in automotive industry
Autorzy:
Moćko, W.
Kowalewski, Z. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Around 20 percent of CO2 emitted as a result of human activity on Earth comes from transportation. One of the ideas, which lead to diminishing of the greenhouse gases emission, is reducing of fuel consumption. It may be achieved by introducing a new powertrain solutions as well as lowering overall vehicle weight. The reduction of vehicle weight may be obtained by both a new design of part and structures and application of a new materials i.e. aluminium alloys. It has to be emphasised that weight reduction is very important for combustion engine driven vehicles and electric driven vehicles as well. Mass lowering is especially desirable in the case of electric vehicles because they typically have a very narrow operational range usually lower than 200 km. Therefore even small weight reduction decreases energy consumption of EV and as a consequence increases its range, which is a crucial parameter for users. The results presented in this article were focused on high strength aluminium alloys of 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 types. Applying of those materials enables mass lowering of structures up to 50 percent, maintaining original functionality. Moreover, aluminium alloys may be also used in energy absorbing structures. The goal of tests was to obtain data required in FE analysis. In order to simulate dynamic phenomenon i.e. vehicle crash investigation of the stress-strain curves of alloys were carried out at wide range of strain rates using Hopkinson bar.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 345-351
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected problems of real driving emissions measurement
Autorzy:
Merkisz, J.
Pielecha, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
exhaust emissions
road test
real driving emissions
environmental protection
Opis:
The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Real Driving Emissions procedures have been introduced in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427. Currently, quantitative RDE requirements have been established to limit emissions from exhaust systems in all operating conditions in accordance with the road emission limits set out in Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring segments, their overall test timeshare, and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A mobile device for reading the EOBD System information was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. The obtained results were then analysed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. Despite the same research route, the obtained results were not the same. The analysis also uses the two-dimensional operating time-share characteristics expressed in vehicle velocity and acceleration co-ordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare the dynamic properties, share of operating time and, consequently, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their practicability and emission values.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 189-196
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles
Autorzy:
Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In - cylinder OH and CO2* detection in SI engine through UV natural emission spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Merola, S. S.
Tornatore, C.
Marchitto, L.
Valentino, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally, on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 429-437
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 65

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