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Tytuł:
An alternative scheme for determination of joint reaction forces in human multibody models
Alternatywny sposób wyznaczania reakcji w stawach wieloczłonowych modeli ciała człowieka
Autorzy:
Blajer, W.
Czaplicki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
human body modeling
dynamic analysis
joint reaction forces
Opis:
Multibody models are commonly used in the analysis of human movements. The dynamic formulations often use minimal sets of generalized coordinates, and joint reactions (non-working reactions of model-intrinsic constraints) are excluded from evidence. A separate modeling effort is then required to determine joint reactions, and the arising numerical procedures are computationally arduous. In this paper, a novel efficient approach to the determination of joint reactions is developed, which naturally assists the minimal-form formulations of human body dynamics. The proposed scheme does not involve matrix inversion, and as such it is well suited for both symbolic manipulations and computer implementations. The method is illustrated with a seven-segment planar model of a human body. Some results from the inverse dynamics simulation of somersaults on a trampoline are reported.
Wieloczłonowe modele ciała człowieka są powszechnie wykorzystywane do analizy czynności motorycznych. Dla sformułowań dynamiki tych modeli stosowane są zwykle niezależne współrzędne uogólnione, co powoduje, że reakcje w połączeniach (idealne reakcje więzów wewnętrznych) są eliminowane na wstępnym etapie modelowania. Dla ich określenia wymagane są dodatkowe procedury modelowania matematycznego, a generowane tą drogą zależności charakteryzują się niską efektywnością numeryczną. W niniejszej pracy proponowane jest nieco inne podejście do wyznaczania reakcji w stawach, w sposób naturalny skojarzone z minimalno-wymiarowym formułowaniem dynamiki wieloczłonowych modeli ciała człowieka. Proponowane sformułowania nic wymagają odwracania macierzy, są tym samym efektywne zarówno dla wyprowadzeń symbolicznych, jak i zastosowań numerycznych. Metoda zilustrowana jest za pomocą siedmioczłonowego płaskiego modelu ciała człowieka. Prezentowane są wybrane wyniki obliczeń numerycznych odnoszące się do symulacji dynamicznej odwrotnej sportowca wykonującego salto na trampolinie.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2005, 43, 4; 813-824
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of ground reaction forces during the Basic Step on the Core Board platform at various levels of stability
Autorzy:
Karczewska, M.
Madej, A.
Sadowska, A.
Mastalerz, A.
Urbanik, Cz.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
fitness
biomechanika
siła reakcji podłoża
Core Board
ground reaction forces
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine and compare the changes of ground reaction forces observed during the Basic Step on the Core Board fitness device at various levels of stability. Material and method: The study involved 10 female students. Participants stepped on and off the Core Board 10 times at 3 levels of stability. After completing a series of steps, the Core Board’s stability was modified and the participant repeated the whole series. The measurement platform to examine three components of the reaction force (horizontal in the sagittal and frontal planes, and vertical) was used. Results: The ground reaction force (GRF) observed on the Core Board, in the vertical and horizontal components is higher at all three levels of stability than on the platform without the device. Significant differences in GRF were observed in the horizontal component in the frontal plane (Fz) at all three levels of mobility as well as in impulse, measured on platforms with the device. Conclusion: The results on the Core Board training device present highest horizontal ground reaction forces in frontal plane at the highest level of Core Board mobility and this showing little medio-lateral stability and a more reactive way of movement regulation of the participants. As a consequence of the force patterns found it may be suggested that fitness training concepts should focus more possibly higher strains on the locomotor system most likely caused by changed ground reaction force patterns, an idea that has to be further analyzed with more complex measurement approaches.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2016, 18, 4; 63-70
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of the vertical component of ground reaction force during gait of healthy people and people with Parkinson’s disease
Autorzy:
Tymińska, Karolina
Derlatka, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/2215318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
Parkinson’s disease
ground reaction forces
human gait
statistical analysis
Opis:
One of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is an abnormal gait cycle. Locomotion becomes slower, less sure, and gait very often leads to falls. This paper analyses the vertical component of the ground reaction force and pressure force for healthy subjects and those with Parkinson’s disease. The data used in the paper comes from the physionet.org website and includes the results of tests that were conducted with Ultraf lex Computer Dyno Graphy system Infronic insoles. The dataset contains recorded ground reaction forces during gait of 164 people, including 71 healthy people and 93 people with Parkinson’s disease at varying degrees of disease severity as determined by the Hoehn-Yahr scale. The analysis showed statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) between the highest value and the local minimum of the vertical component of the ground reaction force. The course of the vertical component of the ground reaction force changed with increasing disease progression, characteristic gait phases disappeared, and the foot contacted the ground in a different way during the heel strike phase. This is due to the development of an abnormal gait pattern, which protects against falls and helps to maintain independence for longer. Gait testing and analysis of the vertical component of the ground reaction force can help to detect the disease earlier and therefore to implement treatment more quickly, resulting in a slower onset of symptoms.
Źródło:
Advances in biomedical engineering; 85-97
9788367185400
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba stworzenia kryteriów oceny funkcji chodu z wykorzystaniem platformy PDM-S
An attempt to create criteria for the assessment of gait function by means of the PDM-S platform
Autorzy:
Jaszczur, I.
Koprowski, P.
Wrzosek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Podstawowych Problemów Techniki. Katedra Inżynierii Biomedycznej
Tematy:
chód
platforma dynamometryczna
siła reakcji podłoża
gait
dynamometric platform
ground reaction forces
Opis:
Chód, jako podstawowa forma lokomocji, jest przedmiotem zainteresowań i wielu opracowań, począwszy od patologii chodu po sport wyczynowy. Badaniu podlegają różne aspekty chodu, takie jak np.: długość i częstotliwość kroków, analiza fazy podparcia i wymachu, przebieg sił reakcji podłoża, charakterystyka kinematyki stawów. Szczegółowymi zagadnieniami analizy chodu są: kinematyka, kinetyka, dynamiczna elektromiografia oraz ocena kosztów energetycznych. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowana została próba stworzenia kryteriów oceny funkcji chodu za pomocą platformy dynamograficznej PDM-S, z uwzględnieniem wpływu masy ciała. Utworzony wzorzec, w dalszym etapie, może posłużyć do badań nad wpływem treningu lub nad ubytkami sprawności, wynikającymi z przyczyn patologicznych.
Many researchers are interested in gait as the primary form of transportation. Various aspects of gait can be analyzed as e.g. length and frequency of steps, support and swing phase, the course of ground reaction forces, joint kinematics. Specific issues relating to gait are among others: kinematics, kinetics, dynamic electromyography and assessment of energy costs. In this paper, an attempt to create criteria for the assessment of gait function by means of the PDM-S platform, with influence of body weight, will be presented. The obtained pattern can be used for further examination on the effects of training or pathological changes of locomotory system.
Źródło:
Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna; 2013, 19, 1; 24-31
1234-5563
Pojawia się w:
Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of minimalist and conventional sports shoes and lower limbs dominance on running gait
Autorzy:
Jandova, S.
Volf, P.
Vaverka, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
analiza kinematyczna
siły reakcji podłoża
bieganie
laterality
kinematic analysis
ground reaction forces
running
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how minimalist running shoes (MRS), conventional running shoes (CRS) and the dominance of lower limbs influence the running gait. Methods: Trained recreational runners (N = 13) who have been engaged in regulary running for more than one year were participants in this study. They were experienced with using MRS and CRS for more than half year and they used both types of shoes. An in-shoe pressure measuring system (Pedar-X®, Novel, Munich, Germany) was used to monitor plantar pressure and vertical force and the temporal parameters when running in MRS and CRS during the stance phase, the swing phase and over one stride. Results: Running in CRS significantly prolonged stance, swing and stride phases by 2–11% compared to MRS. In contrast, when running in MRS significantly larger values of maximum pressure (9–14%) and maximum vertical force (3–7%) than in CRS were found. Conclusions: For this reason, running in MRS could be recommended to recreational runners only with care. The effect of limb dominance on temporal characteristics was detected when running in CRS. Significantly longer stance phase for dominant limb is associated with a shorter swing. The kinematics variables were significantly higher for dominant limb than for non-dominat limb when running in MRS and CRS (by 12–23%).
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 3; 3-9
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Integral method (IM) as a quantitative and objective method to supplement the GMFCS classification of gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP)
Autorzy:
Dziuba, A.
Bober, T.
Kobel-Buys, K.
Stempień, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
children walking
cerebral palsy
ground reaction forces
chód dziecka
porażenie mózgowe
reakcja podłoża
Opis:
Gait analysis is an objective tool for the clinical assessment of locomotor activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Correct diagnosis and properly planned rehabilitation are necessary for enhanced motor functions in persons suffering from cerebral palsy. Orthoses, orthopedic operations, medications and physiotherapy are the most common treatments. However, there is still a lack of objective methods for assessing motor behavior and monitoring the progress of recovery. The aim of the study was to use the ground reaction force patterns generated during walking to create the Integral Method (IM), which could become an objective tool that could supplement the functional classification of CP children based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). A total of 15 healthy children and 34 children with CP who walk independently participated in the study. A Kistler force plate and GRFintegral software were used. Of the 34 measurements based on the IM for CP children, 17 matched the level assigned by the GMFCS, 2 children were assigned a higher level, and 15 were assigned a lower level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the IM and the GMFCS was moderate (r = 0.61, p ≤ 0.01). Asymmetry was found in 11 cases. The IM supplements the GMFCS and is an objective and quantitative assessment of motor abilities. The method allows for the detection of asymmetry, diagnosis of the improvement of gait pattern and assessment of foot support technique. With the appropriate software, the IM provides pediatricians, neurologists, orthopedists, surgeons and physiotherapists with a simple and fast way to assess gait.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2013, 15, 2; 105-111
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differences in pediatric vertical ground reaction force between planovalgus and neutrally aligned feet
Autorzy:
Pauk, J
Szymul, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
force platforms
planovalgus
neutrally aligned feet
ground reaction forces
stopa
chód dziecka
biomechanika
Opis:
Ground reaction forces (GRF) reflect the force history of human body contact with the ground. The purpose of this study was to explore human gait abnormalities due to planovalgus by comparing vertical GRF data between individuals with planovalgus and those with neutrally aligned feet. Second we estimated associations between various measurements and vertical GRF parameters in a pediatric population. Boys and girls between the ages of 4 and 18 years (72 planovalgus feet and 74 neutrally aligned feet) took part in this study. Ground reaction forces were recorded by two Kistler platforms and normalized to body weight. Comparison of vertical GRF between planovalgus and neutrally aligned feet suggests that the first and the second peaks of vertical force (Fz1, Fz2) are most affected by planovalgus. The results also indicate that neutrally aligned feet display a different ground reaction force pattern than planovalgus, and that differences between boys and girls may be observed. The shape of the vertical GRF curve can help in clinical interpretation of abnormal gait.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2014, 16, 2; 95-101
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza obciążeń w step aerobics na podstawie literatury
Analysis of loads in step aerobics - literature review
Autorzy:
Błażkiewicz, M.
Kowalczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Katedra Biomechatroniki
Tematy:
biomechanika
step aerobics
basic step
siła reakcji podłoża
obciążenie
biomechanics
ground reaction forces
load
Opis:
Step aerobics jest jedną z bardziej popularnych form rekreacji ruchowej. Uważa się, że podwyższenie wysokości stopnia, lub zaaplikowanie w choreografii kroków typu high-impact zwiększa poziom trudności i intensywność zajęć, a w konsekwencji bardziej obciąża układ ruchu, co często prowadzi do kontuzji. Siła reakcji podłoża jest jedną ze zmiennych, która dostarcza informacji o obciążeniach. Niniejsza praca zawiera podsumowanie wyników, podawanych w literaturze, dotyczących zmian sił reakcji podłoża podczas najczęściej wykonywanych kroków aerobikowych.
Step aerobics classes are offered at many gyms and fitness centers. The step aerobics is distinguished from other forms of aerobics exercise by its use of an elevated platform (the step). The height can be tailored to individual taste by inserting risers under the step. The main objective of the paper is description of human movement and vertical ground reaction forces during common steps in a simple choreography on the base of the various articles.
Źródło:
Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki; 2008, 2; 13-18
1898-763X
Pojawia się w:
Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Examination of the effect of psychophysical factors on the quality of human gait recognition
Autorzy:
Derlatka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/386380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
human gait recognition
ground reaction forces
classification
rozpoznawanie chodu człowieka
siła reakcji podłoża
klasyfikacja
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis concerning the influence of selected psychophysical parameters on the quality of human gait recognition. The following factors have been taken into account: body height (BH), body weight (BW), the emotional condition of the respondent, the physical condition of the respondent, previous injuries or dysfunctions of the locomotive system. The study was based on data measuring the ground reaction forces (GRF) among 179 participants (3 315 gait cycles). Based on the classification, some kind of confusion matrix were established. On the basis of the data included in the matrix, it was concluded that the wrong classification was most affected by the similar weight of two confused people. It was also noted, that people of the same gender and similar BH were confused most often. On the other hand, previous body injuries and dysfunctions of the motor system were the factors facilitating the recognition of people. The results obtained will allow for the design of more accurate biometric systems in the future.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2014, 8, 4; 194-198
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of modified muscle morphology and activity pattern on the results of musculoskeletal system modelling in cerebral palsy patient
Autorzy:
Ogrodnik, J.
Piszczatowski, Sz.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
układ mięśniowo-szkieletowy
mięśnie
porażenie mózgowe
musculoskeletal model
muscle
cerebral palsy
joint reaction forces
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of modified morphological parameters of the muscle model and excitation pattern on the results of musculoskeletal system numerical simulation in a cerebral palsy patient. Methods: The modelling of the musculoskeletal system was performed in the AnyBody Modelling System. The standard model (MoCap) was subjected to modifications consisting of changes in morphological parameters and excitation patterns of selected muscles. The research was conducted with the use of data of a 14-year-old cerebral palsy patient. Results: A reduction of morphological parameters (variant MI) caused a decrease in the value of active force generated by the muscle with changed geometry, and as a consequence the changes in active force generated by other muscles. A simulation of the abnormal excitation pattern (MII variant) resulted in the muscle’s additional activity during its lengthening. The simultaneous modification of the muscle morphology and excitation pattern (MIII variant) points to the interdependence of both types of muscle model changes. A significant increase in the value of the reaction force in the hip joint was observed as a consequence of modification of the hip abductor activity. Conclusions: The morphological parameters and the excitation pattern of modelled muscles have a significant influence on the results of numerical simulation of the musculoskeletal system functioning.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 3; 63-75
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reference values of spatiotemporal parameters, joint angles, ground reaction forces, and plantar pressure distribution during normal gait in young women
Autorzy:
Fryzowicz, A.
Murawa, M.
Kabaciński, J.
Rzepnicka, A.
Dworak, L. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
kobieta
kinematyka
biomechanika chodu
pedobarografia
women
kinematics
ground reaction forces
gait biomechanics
pedobarography
reference data
Opis:
The aim of this study was to establish the reference values of spatiotemporal parameters, joint angles, ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution collected simultaneously on the same measurement path during normal gait in a homogenous group of young, healthy women. Methods: The studied group consisted of 28 healthy women aged 21 years on average. The motion capture system BTS Smart-D, 2 AMTI force platforms and Footscan pedobarographic platform were used in this research. The 14-metre measurement path and the 6-metre distance that examined women had to walk through before entering the measurement area ensured that a natural gait pattern was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate differences between right and left lower extremities. Results: The applied method enabled collecting several parameters regarding normal female gait biomechanics such as: spatiotemporal parameters, angle-time characteristics as well as range of motion of pelvis, hip, knee and ankle joints in gait cycle, force-time characteristics and peaks of ground reaction force components in stance phase, peak pressure and time of loading of defined foot regions in stance phase. Conclusions: The results may be used by clinicians, physiotherapists or researchers as a reference in diagnosing gait disorders or evaluating patient’s walking pattern. In recent literature there are some disparities in gait parameters reference values even regarding similar research groups. These differences may arise from distinct method, slower or faster gait, other laboratory environment etc. This should be considered and more than one source of normative values should be checked when searching for reference data.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 1; 49-57
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foot mechanics in young women are altered after walking in high-heeled shoes
Autorzy:
Winiarski, S.
Rutkowska-Kucharska, A.
Zostawa, P.
Uścinowicz-Zostawa, N.
Klich, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
analiza chodu
reakcja podłoża
stopa
gait analysis
high-heeled shoes
ground reaction forces
foot rockers
foot deformities
Opis:
Nowadays, fashion has caused that many young women are wearing high-heeled shoes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term walking in high-heeled shoes on the foot mechanics during barefoot gait. Methods: Forty-three young women (22 ± 2.1 years) divided into two groups participated in this retrospective cohort study. The first group was composed of women who frequently wear high-heeled footwear. The second, infrequent wearers group, consisted of women who preferred flat-heeled shoes. Measurements of gait parameters were recorded for barefoot gait. A motion analysis system and two force plates were used in order to evaluate the lower-limb rocker mechanism, transverse foot arch height and parameters of ground reaction force. Results: Walking in high-heeled shoes modified barefoot foot mechanics, which manifested itself in a shorter duration (by ca. 4%) of the first and second rocker and a significantly longer duration (by 5%) of the third rocker phase as well as a substantial reduction in height of the transverse foot arch (by around 50%) in women habitually walking in high-heeled shoes. A significantly shorter relative duration of the third rocker (44.3% of cycle time) and greater value of the vertical component of ground reaction force (114.7% BW) in the third rocker phase were found in the group of women habitually walking in high-heeled shoes. Conclusions: The mechanism of foot rolling, with flattened foot arch, and significantly higher values of the vertical component of ground reaction force and shorter time might lead to overload in lowerlimb joints in young women.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 3; 107-113
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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