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Tytuł:
Application of numerical modelling for the better design of radon preventive and remedial measures
Autorzy:
Jiránek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
numerical modelling
radon concentration
radon prevention
radon remediation
Opis:
The main aim of the presented work was to verify, whether soil gas radon concentrations measured directly on building sites at a depth of 0.8 m below ground level and used in several countries for the design of protective measures against radon from the soil are in agreement with concentrations measured under houses after they had been built on a corresponding site. The correlation between sub-slab concentrations and concentrations measured at a depth of 0.8 m below the uncovered soil surface has been studied using a numerical simulation with the help of the computer program Radon2D. Numerical predictions showed that radon concentrations under the houses could be significantly different from concentrations measured on the building site and used for the assessment of radon risk categories. The highest differences were predicted for soil profiles with highly permeable upper layers. In the case of houses resting on the ground level the sub-slab radon concentration can be up to 3.4 times higher compared to the concentration measured at a depth of 0.8 m. An even higher increase was predicted for houses with the floor embedded 2 m below ground level. In this case the sub-floor concentrations increased up to 9.3 times. Numerical modelling can thus be considered as a powerful tool that can ensure the higher reliability of radon preventive and remedial measures.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 451-457
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks to history of radon activity concentration metrology
Autorzy:
Otahal, Petr P. S.
Burian, Ivo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
intercomparison
metrology
radon
radon chamber
Opis:
The radon issue has been known worldwide for dozens of years. Many scientifi c (ICRP Publication No. 137), technical (ICRU Report No. 88), and legislative (Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (EU-BSS)) documents have been published in the last decade. More and more attention is being paid to precise quantification to determine the concentration and consequent effects of various pollutants on human health worldwide. The quality of measurement and the variety of measurement techniques increase the need to unify measurement procedures and metrology continuity. Countries around the world are beginning to unify metrological procedures for determining different quantities based on international recommendations and standards. Not only for these reasons, it became more actual a need for more accurate radon activity concentration measurement and radon metrology unification. This paper summarizes the main remarks and technical aspects to the historical development of radon metrology.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 1; 45-49
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of air conditioning changes on the effective dose due to radon and its short-lived decay products
Autorzy:
Grządziel, A.
Kozak, K.
Mazur, J.
Połednik, B.
Dudzińska, M. R.
Bilska, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
radon progeny
attached fraction of radon progeny
unattached fraction of radon progeny
dose conversion factor
Opis:
Most people spend the majority of their time in indoor environments where the level of harmful pollutants is often significantly higher than outdoors. Radon (222Rn) and its decay products are the example of radioactive pollutants. These radioisotopes are the main source of ionizing radiation in non-industrial buildings. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air-conditioning system on radon and its progeny concentrations and thus on the effective dose. The measurements were carried out in the auditorium at the Environmental Engineering Faculty (Lublin University of Technology, Poland). Measurements of radon and its progeny (in attached and unattached fractions) as well as measurements of the following indoor air parameters were performed in two air-conditioning (AC) operation modes: AC ON and AC ON/OFF. The air supply rate and air recirculation were taken into consideration. The separation of radon progeny into attached and unattached fractions allowed for determining, respectively, the dose conversion factor (DCF) and the inhalation dose for teachers and students in the auditorium. A considerable increase of the mean radon progeny concentrations from 1.2 Bq/m3 to 5.0 Bq/m3 was observed in the AC ON/OFF mode compared to the AC ON mode. This also resulted in the increase of the inhalation dose from 0.005 mSv/y to 0.016 mSv/y (for 200 h/year). Furthermore, the change of the air recirculation rate from 0% to 80% resulted in a decrease of the mean radon concentration from 30 Bq/m3 to 12 Bq/m3 and the reduction of the mean radon progeny concentration from 1.4 Bq/m3 to 0.8 Bq/m3. This resulted in the reduction of the inhalation dose from 0.006 mSv/y to 0.003 mSv/y.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 239-244
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A technology of drinking water decontamination from radon and its decay products
Autorzy:
Voinov, Igor
Remez, Viktor P.
Ioshin, Alexey A.
Semenishchev, Vladimir S.
Gorchakov, Dmitry A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon in drinking water
radon measurement
sorption
Opis:
Underground water is one of the main sources of radon for households. This article focuses on the estimation and removal of radon from underground water using the technology and inorganic sorbents developed by EKSORB Ltd., Russia for liquid radioactive waste treatment in the nuclear power industry. The article presents the results of tests of a system for the removal of radon and radon daughters from water patented by EKSORB. This is achieved by filtering water through RATZIR sorbent, followed by periodic load regeneration. Over a period of three years, the plant is successful in removing radon from the water that had an initial radon content of approximately 1500 Bq/L to less than 60 Bq/L, without releasing radon to indoor/outdoor air.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 2; 67-70
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon emission rate and analysis of its influencing parameters
Autorzy:
Neugebauer, T.
Hingmann, H.
Buermeyer, J.
Grimm, V.
Breckow, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air change rate
radon emission rate
radon entry rate
radon exposition
window function
Opis:
The geological and structural conditions define the radon situation inside a building. While the geological realities can be specified by the content of radium-226 and the ratio of radon-222 emitted from the ground the structural conditions are defined by the tightness of the building envelope. The radon concentration inside has an unsteady character, which is caused by meteorological conditions outside and the air change rate (ACH or ACR), which in turn is influenced by the residents’ behaviour such as venting and heating. For the assessment of the radon exposition, it is necessary to perform measurements for a long time. An approach to reduce this time by eliminating the inhabitants influence on the radon concentration is the radon emission rate, also known as radon entry rate. This variable is based on the measurement of the radon concentration and the parallel determination of the air change rate via a tracer gas method, the result expresses a released activity per time. Due to their noisy character, it is necessary to apply a smoothing algorithm to the input parameters. In addition to mean values, the use of window functions, known from digital signal processing, was analysed. For the verification of the whole calculation procedure, simulations and measurements under defined conditions were used. Furthermore, measurements in an uninhabited house showed proof of the capability of the assessment of the radon potential. First examinations of influencing parameters of the radon emission rate showed a possible dependence on the temperature difference inside and outside the building.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 337-342
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon research and practice in Bulgaria : from retrospective measurements to mitigation
Autorzy:
Pressyanov, D. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
polycarbonate
CD
radon risk
mitigation
compact disc
Opis:
An overview of ongoing directions of radon studies in the Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia is presented. The focus is on: 1) Study and implementation of the polycarbonate method for measuring 222Rn. In this respect the results from laboratory and field experience with this method are summarized. Its potential for precise retrospective measurements by home stored CDs/DVDs is emphasized. 2) Surveys in radon risk areas in the country. The approaches and results in this direction are illustrated on the example of the town of Rakovski. In this town lung cancer risk is twice increased for both sexes. Significantly high 222Rn concentrations were observed in most of the houses and this can be the major factor contributing to the risk. 3) Mitigation of dwellings with high radon content. Mitigation works were recently initiated and our experience with passive radon barriers and active sub-slab depressurization systems is shared. Summarizing the results in all the three directions we conclude that there is a basis to enhance radon research and practice in the country. To be more efficient, these activities need collaboration with medical authorities, civil engineers and, especially in research, with international teams working in the field.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 477-482
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon events in the U-mine environment and related radiation exposure
Autorzy:
Križman, M. J.
Rojc, J.
Peter, J. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
uranium mine
environment
radon event
effective dose
Opis:
The term �gradon event�h indicates here a sudden appearance of enhanced radon concentrations, observed like well expressed peaks in time series of radon concentrations. The peaks are superimposed on normal diurnal periodical curves. The characteristics of radon events are high peak values, a rather short duration and a low radon equilibrium factor. Since radon events appear only in the environment near significant radon emission sources, they were investigated in more detail in the case of the former .irovski Vrh uranium mine (Slovenia), using the existing network of continuous radon progeny measuring devices. Eight different types of radon events were identified in the vicinity of the U-mine disposal sites, lasting for some hours and with the range of their peak levels of equilibrium equivalent concentrations (EEC) of radon from a few Bq�Em.3 to over 200 Bq�Em.3. Exposures to radon events in units of Bq�Eh�Em.3 were estimated for adult individuals of the reference group. They resulted in relatively high effective doses of the range 1.5 �ĘSv per a single event, thus exceeding, e.g. the total effective dose for the public due to radioactive discharges from most nuclear facilities during the whole year.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 529-533
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon Hazards in Relation to Elemental and Isotope Composition of the Geological Structures in the Lubelskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Gazda, L.
Połednik, B.
Czerwiński, J.
Kozak, K.
Mazur, J.
Grządziel, D.
Dudzińska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
rocks
radon sources
emanations
radon exhalations
indoor environment
Opis:
The study involved investigation of the relationship between the radon concentrations in the ground air – and thus in the indoor air – and the geological structure of the Lubelskie Voivodeship (eastern Poland). Both passive and active methods were used for measuring the radon concentrations in coal, phosphate and chalk mines, caves, wells as well as indoor environments. The study also included elemental, uranium and lead isotope analyses of rocks. The performed research showed that Paleogene and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks rich in radionuclides are the sources of radon in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. In the case of the buildings located in proximity to such rocks, characterized by relatively high radon exhalations, radon remediation methods are recommended. Already at the designing stage of buildings, the measures which protect against the hazardous radon gas should be applied.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 2; 45-49
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon film-badges versus existing passive monitors based on track etch detectors
Autorzy:
Tommasino, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
radon monitor
diffusion chamber
film badge
absorption
adsorption
Opis:
New methods and apparatus for the passive sampling of radon are introduced in the present paper. These samplers are based on the sorption of radon by layers of different types of solids. These solid layers result in sources of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, which can be detected by any passive or real-time detector, thus obtaining a variety of new radon monitors. By way of example, by facing one of said layers against a nuclear track detector, it is possible to obtain a compact radon film-badge. This film badge makes it finally possible to solve most of the shortcomings of existing passive monitors, based on track detectors, for the measurements of short- and long-term exposures of radon in air, in water, and in soils. These devices can be easily implemented by any existing radon service just as a back-up technology, with little or no change of the presently-used passive monitors.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 549-553
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of radon hazard to inhabitants of the Augustów Plane sandr and inhabitants of the Suwałki region of fluvioglacial sands and gravels
Autorzy:
Karpińska, M.
Wołkowicz, S.
Mamont-Cieśla, K.
Mnich, Z.
Kapała, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
building
geology
radon
Opis:
In a region of two lithologic units: the Augustów Plane sandr and the Suwałki sands and fluvioglacial gravels, 134 measurements of radon concentrations in dwelling houses were performed. An integral method of solid state nuclear trace detectors (SSNTD) was used in the studies. Statistically significant differences in the radon concentrations in both geological units were obtained. The radon concentration arithmetic mean was 197 Bq m-3, geometric mean - 119 Bq m-3, median - 111 Bq m-3, the maximal value being 1225 Bq m-3 in the region of the Suwałki fluvioglacial sands and gravels. The Augustów Plane sandr revealed arithmetic mean of radon concentration equal to 123 Bq m-3, geometric mean – 80 Bq m-3, and median equal to 67 Bq m-3, maximal value 695 Bq m-3. The annual effective dose of the radon obtained by inhabitants of the Augustów Plane sandr is 1.7 mSv and for inhabitants of the Suwałki fluvioglacial sands and gravels it is 2.5 mSv.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 4; 197-200
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon and thoron parallel measurements in dwellings nearby a closed Hungarian uranium mine
Autorzy:
Németh, C.
Jobbágy, V.
Kávási, N.
Somlai, J.
Kovács, T.
Tokonami, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
thoron
dwelling
Opis:
Integrated measurements of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) were executed in a Hungarian village, located in the vicinity of an abandoned uranium mine. The applied passive radon and thoron monitor was the RADUET which is based on a CR-39 track detector. The investigated 35 houses were one storey buildings made of bricks. The rock under the village is a gray-sandstone with an average of 136 and 77 Bqźkg–1 uranium and thorium, respectively. The detectors were mostly placed in the inhabited areas of the houses, such as bedrooms and living-rooms, at a height of 1–1.5 m close to the wall. The measurement periods were between December 2006 and May 2007 and between May 2007 and February 2008. Annual averages of radon concentrations were calculated applying seasonal correction factors to the results of the two measurement periods. The results show that the radon concentrations in the case of considerable part of the investigated dwellings seems to be significantly higher than the Hungarian averages for ground-floor houses (152 Bqźm–3). The thoron concentrations in some cases are also not negligible indicating that radon measurements which are sensitive to thoron can be misleading. Additionally, thoron can also be a contributor of extra dose.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 459-462
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon soil-gas measurement campaign in Hessen: an approach to identifying areas with enhanced geogenic radon
Autorzy:
Kuske, Till
Kerker, Steffen
Breckow, Joachim
Lehné, Rouwen
Laupenmühlen, Tatjana
Jedmowski, Lena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation protection law
radon-priority-areas
radon
soil gas
Opis:
The new radiation protection law in Germany, which came into effect 2018, puts greater emphasis on the protection against naturally occurring radiation, especially radon as a known health hazard. The law requires the delineation of radon priority areas, where prevention and remediation of high indoor radon concentrations should be taken with priority. In Germany, radiation protection is the administrative responsibility of the federal states. The state of Hesse has early on decided to fully survey the state for radon priority areas. To identify radon priority areas, the geogenic radon potential has to be determined. To achieve that radon, soil-gas measurements combined with soil permeability are a necessity. The University of Applied Sciences (THM) in Giessen is responsible for the radon soil-gas measurement campaign in Hessen. To achieve a statistically sound survey of the state of Hessen with an achievable amount of different measurement locations, and in the given time-frame, a geology-based concept has been designed. Taking into account the known geological information about geological structures in combination with the administrative counties, a survey strategy has been established. Prior known information regarding soil thickness, moisture, digability, and other technical limitations are used to determine the exact measuring locations. At every location, the radon activity in soil gas is measured. The soil permeability is determined for every measurement as well. Three measurements are performed at each location. Having completed the first set of measurements, the design criteria of the campaign and the practical experiences will be presented.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 2; 139-144
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principal component data processing in radon metrology
Autorzy:
Machaj, B.
Urbański, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
principal component regression (PCR)
radon daughters measurement
radon measurement
Opis:
A gauge for the measurement of radon and radon daughters concentration was tested in a radon chamber. Count rate distribution in time at the output of radiation detectors was measured and registered. The count rate distribution in time was then processed employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the count rate was investigated. It was found that PCA processing removes great part of count rate random fluctuations originating from radiation statistics, which is resulting in a decrease of the count rate random error and in random error of concentration. The RMSE of radon daughters concentration is about 3 times lower when "raw" results are PCA processed. Such decrease of error, without PCA signal processing, would require 9 times higher air flow through the air filter on which the radon daughters are deposited. In case of the measurements of the radon concentration the drop of the error is 2-3 times higher in case of long counting time.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 1; 39-42
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seasonal changeability of indoor radon concentrations in one-family house
Autorzy:
Karpińska, M.
Mnich, Z.
Kapała, J.
Antonowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
seasonal changes
Opis:
Indoor radon concentration undergoes 24-hour and seasonal changes. The paper presents first in Poland results of radon concentration changeability in one building during the whole year. We performed 103 measurements of indoor radon concentrations. The following parameters of radon concentration distribution were obtained: arithmetic mean - 224.1 Bq m 3, geometric mean - 194.5 Bq m 3, median - 207 Bq m 3, and geometric standard deviation - 1.84. The minimum observed value was 22 Bq m 3 and the maximum - 748 Bq m 3. We determined the monthly and annual values of radon concentrations. The values for particular months are in the range of 0.5 to 1.6 of the annual mean. We observed a correlation between the mean radon concentrations in the examined buildings and the differences in the mean values of indoor (R = 0.91, p < 0.05) and outdoor temperatures (R = 0.91, p < 0.05). There was also a connection between the radon concentration inside the buildings and the changes in atmospheric pressure.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 1; 33-36
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon intercomparison tests : Katowice, 2016
Autorzy:
Chałupnik, Stanisław
Skubacz, Krystian
Wysocka, Małgorzata
Mazur, Jadwiga
Bonczyk, Michał
Kozak, Krzysztof
Grządziel, Dominika
Urban, Paweł
Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz, D.
Kozłowska, Beata
Walencik-Łata, Agata
Podstawczyńska, Agnieszka
Olszewski, Jerzy
Bartak, Jakub
Karpińska, Maria
Wołoszczuk, Katarzyna
Dohojda, Marek
Nowak, Jakub
Długosz-Lisiecka, Magdalena
Foerster, Elisabeth
Przylibski, Tadeusz A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
active monitors
passive monitors
Polish Radon Centre
proficiency test
radon
Opis:
At the beginning of the year 2016, the representatives of the Polish Radon Centre decided to organize proficiency tests (PTs) for measurements of radon gas and radon decay products in the air, involving radon monitors and laboratory passive techniques. The Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity of the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Katowice, became responsible for the organization of the PT exercises. The main reason to choose that location was the radon chamber in GIG with a volume of 17 m3 , the biggest one in Poland. Accordingly, 13 participants from Poland plus one participant from Germany expressed their interest. The participants were invited to inform the organizers about what types of monitors and methods they would like to check during the tests. On this basis, the GIG team prepared the proposal for the schedule of exercises, such as the required level(s) of radon concentrations, the number and periods of tests, proposed potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) levels and also the overall period of PT. The PT activity was performed between 6th and 17th June 2016. After assessment of the results, the agreement between radon monitors and other measurement methods was confirmed. In the case of PAEC monitors and methods of measurements, the results of PT exercises were consistent and confirmed the accuracy of the calibration procedures used by the participants. The results of the PAEC PTs will be published elsewhere; in this paper, only the results of radon intercomparison are described.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 2; 127-132
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Outdoor radon concentration in China
Autorzy:
Wu, Q.
Pan, Z.
Liu, S.
Wang, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
CR-39
passive-type radon monitor
outdoor
nationwide survey
Opis:
A nationwide survey was conducted in 2014 to investigate environmental outdoor radon level in 33 provincial cities across China. The radon detector used was a passive-type solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39. Measurements were conducted under the same condition following the quality control programme. Outdoor radon concentrations in China ranged from 3 to 30.0 Bq·m−3. The annual arithmetic and geometric mean radon concentration were 14 and 13.2 Bq·m−3, respectively. The radon concentrations in the locations near or along coastline were lower than the average value, while those located in the inland area were higher. As a whole, the result showed no big difference from the data measured during the period 1983–1998. It demonstrated that the outdoor radon concentration level in China has not been changing remarkably for 20 years.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 373-378
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish national intercomparisons of measurement methods of 222Rn concentration in waters
Krajowe pomiary interkalibracyjne stężenia 222 Rn w próbkach wód
Autorzy:
Przylibski, T.
Mamont-Cieśla, K.
Stawarz, O.
Kłos, B.
Dorda, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/340341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
intercomparison measurement
radon contamination
radiological protection in Poland
Radon Centre
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa; 2004, 1; 71-73
1643-7608
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emisja radonu w obszarze zakładów górniczo-hutniczych "Bolesław" S.A
Radon emission in the area of Mining and Metallurgical Works "Bolesław"
Autorzy:
Wysocka, M.
Zych, A.
Skowronek, J.
Pajor, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
radon
ekshalacja radonu
emisja radonu
radium
radon exhalation
radiological contamination
Opis:
Exploitation of the mineral resources and accumulation of the postexploitation wastes may in some cases increase the radiological hard for the inhabitants of the mining regions, as well as for the environment. Radon emission levels in the area of lead and zinc ores exploitation have been measured. Additional measure-ments were performed in the areas not affected by human activity, at the outcrops of Triassic rocks. The radon emis-sions do not exceed average values measured in undisturbed areas. Moreover, results obtained at the sites where waste storage sites are lower than those from ”normal“ areas.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2005, 53, 2; 133--136
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon in potable waters in Luxembourg
Autorzy:
Tosheva, Z.
Kies, A.
Hofmann, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon concentration
geological dependence
seasonal radon variation
waters in Luxembourg
Opis:
The presence of elevated concentrations of radon in water is a potential health risk when the water is used in public water supply, mainly because of the increase of radon concentration in the indoor air due to degassing [16]. Samples were taken from a large number of Luxembourg’s drinking water springs in 2007 to determine the major ion chemistry and potential contaminants, mainly from agriculture. The natural radioactive isotopes were analysed as part of this program. Two sampling campaigns were performed, one in summer, one in winter, to consider seasonal variations. This paper presents the radon activities, which were sampled during the two field campaigns and measured using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). For quality assurance of our results we made three replicates from each collected water sample. This methodology was used because it is more accurate than other possible methods of radon measurement, and its limit of detection is sufficiently low, i.e., 700 Bqźm–3. The correlation between radon and radium levels was estimated, as well as the dependence of radon levels on geology. The results from the year 2007 were compared to previous measurements from the year 2003. Five springs in the program were sampled monthly throughout a year to account for possible seasonal variations, additionally to the large spatial extend of the program.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 583-588
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon levels after restoration of the U-mine disposal site
Autorzy:
Križman, M. J.
Rojc, J.
Jovanovič, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
uranium mine
restoration
radon exhalation rate
radon concentrations
public exposure
Opis:
After cessation of the underground mining of uranium ore and production of uranium concentrate at Žirovski Vrh (Slovenia) in the period 1985–1990, two permanent surface disposal sites remained, namely, tailings pile and mine waste rock pile. Both disposal sites were of equal size of 4 hectares and were significant sources of radon. Their final restoration was designed in compliance with the condition of dose constraint for the public and authorized limits for radon exhalation from the remediated piles. In the late summer of 2008, a restoration of the mine waste pile was finished. Radon releases were reduced significantly by constructing an effective radon barrier of well compacted clayey material and a thick complex protective cover layer constructed over it. Radon exhalation rate from the mine waste area was lowered from primary level of 0.7 Bq/m2źs to natural levels (0.01 Bq/m2źs), and consequently, ambient radon levels also decreased on the site and nearby environment. The average radon contribution from the remaining U-mine sources was estimated on the basis of the environmental measurements of radon concentrations; they dropped from initial 7–9 Bq/m3 to approximately 3 Bq/m3. Further reduction of outdoor radon concentrations is expected after 2010, since the restoration of another disposal site will have been completed by the end of this year. Public exposure due to industrial radon after the first phase of restoration satisfactorily meets the dose constraint level of 0.3 mSv/y, since it decreased to less than 0.1 mSv/y.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 523-527
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Komora do badań współczynników ekshalacji radonu
Development of the chamber for measurements of radon exhalation coefficients
Autorzy:
Koza, W.
Skowronek, J.
Chałupnik, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/340410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Tematy:
radon
ekshalacja radonu
komora ekshalacyjna
radon exhalation coefficients
exhalation chamber
Opis:
Radon i jego pochodne obecne w powietrzu w domach są źródłem ponad połowy rocznej dawki proraieniowania jonizującego, jaką przeciętny człowiek przyjmuje z otoczenia [2], Jest drugim co do znaczenia, po tytoniu, czynnikiem wywołującym raka płuc. W większości przypadków jego źródłem są zawarte w skorupie ziemskiej naturalne szeregi promieniotwórcze. W budynkach mieszkalnych w wielu przypadkach mogą to być również materiały, z których są one zbudowane. Radon, będący gazem szlachetnym, dość łatwo ekshaluje z nich do powietrza. W zamkniętych pomieszczeniach jego stężenie może wzrosnąć na tyle, by stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia przebywających w nim osób. W celu ograniczenia zagrożenia z tego źródła ważne jest wyznaczenie współczyimików ekshalacji radonu z materiałów budowlanych i/lub surowców, z których te materiały zostały wykonane. Znajomość wartości współczynników ekshalacji może być także użyteczna do prognozowania zagrożenia na stanowiskach pracy, na których występują materiały zawierające rad, np. w kopalniach. Do badań współczynników ekshalacji radonu buduje się specjalne komory pomiarowe, by uniemożliwić kontakt próbki ze środowiskiem zewnętrznym. W artykule przedstawiono budowę komory ekshalacyjnej o zmiennej objętości. Umożliwia to badanie próbek o różnych rozmiarach. Przedstawiono również wyniki testowania komory pod względem szczehiości. Zaproponowano dwie metody wyznaczania współczynnika ekshalacji radonu, różniące się sposobem prowadzenia badań i zastosowanymi metodami pomiaru stężenia radonu. Pierwszy sposób polega na pomiarze stężenia radonu w ciągu pierwszych kilkunastu godzin po rozpoczęciu badań. Można wtedy przyjąć, że ekshalacja radonu powoduje liniowy wzrost jego stężenia w komorze, bowiem rozpad promieniotwórczy radonu jest wówczas znikomo mały w porównaniu z szybkością ekshalacji i można go zaniedbać w obliczeniach. Drugi sposób polega na pomiarze stężenia radonu w komorze po osiągnięciu równowagi dynamicznej między jego ekshalacją a rozpadem promieniotwórczym. Jest to sposób bardziej czasochłonny. Do pomiarów stężenia radonu zastosowano zarówno metody czynne (pobór próbek powietrza do badań metodą przepompowywania przez układ detekcyjny), a także bierne. Stwierdzono, że stosując metody czynne należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na szczelność układu pomiarowego. W części detekcyjnej zastosowano radiometry z komórkami Lucasa lub sondy Barasol. Opisano podstawy teoretyczne przedstawionych sposobów badania współczynnika ekshalacji radonu. Na zakończenie przedstawiono wyniki badama współczynnika ekshalacji z kilku różnych materiałów.
Radon and its progeny concentrations in dwellings are a source of significant effective dose for mhabilants, usually more than 50% of aimual dose from all natural radionuclides in the environment. Radon, similarly as tobacco, is stated as one of the most important factors, inducing lung cancers. In most of the cases, mam sources of radon in dwellings are natural series of radionuclides in underlying ground. But in some buildings, also construction materials may be additional and important source of radon. Radon, as a noble gas, relatively easy can migrate through solid materials and exhales from it to tlie air. In confined spaces, like dwellings, cellars, caverns or tumiels, radon concentration may grow to such level, to cause a health hazard for inhabitants or workers. Determination of radon exhalation coefficients from building materials or/and ingredients of such materials is important to reduce negative influence of radon. Additionally, tlie knowledge of exhalation factors can be useful for the prediction of radon hazard at workplaces, located in confined spaces, like underground galleries in mines or in tunnels. To enable investigations of radon exhalation coefficients, special chambers are constructed to seal samples of different materials inside, without contact with other radon sources. In the paper a construction of exhalation chamber is described, with a possibility to regulate its volume. Such feature enables investigations of exhalation from different samples with a wide span of dimensions. Results of leaking tests of exhalation chamber are presented in the paper as well. Two methods of the assessment of radon exhalation factor have been described, with application of different radon detectors and time regimes of measurements. First approach is based on radon measurements in the chamber within first several hours after sealing of the chamber hi this case a linear increase of radon concentration is taken into account, because the decay of this radionuclide in this period can be neglected. In the second method, measurements are done, when the dynamic equilibrium in tlie chamber is estabhshed (after at least 14 days). This method is a time-consuming one, but often giving more precise results. For measurements of radon concentration in exhalation chamber different methods have been applied, active and passive ones. In active methods air from the chamber has been pumped through detection unit. We found, when active methods have been applied, very important issue was the proper sealing of the system to avoid any leakage, which can occur during pumping. Pylon AB-5 monitor and Barasol radon probe have been used as radon monitors. The theoretical basis for both methods of investigation of radon exhalation coefficient is presented in the paper. Several results of experiments for different materials are included m the text.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa; 2003, 3; 83-94
1643-7608
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe GIG. Górnictwo i Środowisko / Główny Instytut Górnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of radon risk for Białystok inhabitants regarding the type of town buildings
Autorzy:
Karpińska, M.
Kapała, J.
Szpak, A.
Mnich, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
indoor radon
Białystok
mean annual concentration of radon
type of buildings
Opis:
Radon and its short-lived disintegration products are the most significant factors of exposure to ionizing radiation from natural sources. Białystok has the population of about 300,000 inhabitants in 100,460 flats in 16,282 houses. They are mostly one-family houses (about 80.7per cent) and two-family houses (8.2 per cent). It can be estimated that about 2/3 of the Białystok inhabitants live in the so-called “blocks of flats”. The study aimed at evaluation of the exposure to radon present in the flats. The integral method of trace detectors was used to measure radon concentration indoors. All values of the radon concentration were the mean annual values as they were obtained on annual exposure or were calculated and corrected to annual exposure based on shorter periods of time. Radon concentration distribution in flats of 3 housing estates in Białystok was analyzed. The effective dose of inhaled radon per a statistical inhabitant of Białystok (about 1.1 mSv) per year was calculated on the basis of mean values of radon concentration. Inhabitants of one-family houses obtained slightly higher annual doses – 1.4 mSv while the inhabitants of block of flats got lower annual doses – 0.8 mSv.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 2; 213-217
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strefowość ekshalacji radonowych w rejonie Nałęczowa
Zone-Related Variability of Radon Exhalations in Nałęczów Region
Autorzy:
Gazda, L.
Połednik, B.
Dudzińska, M.
Kozak, K.
Mazur, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
radon
ekshalacje radonowe
rów tektoniczny
uzdrowisko
radon exhalation
rift fault
resort
Opis:
The studies on the radioactivity of waters in health resorts around the world have been conducted for over a hundred years. At first, they were strictly connected with the use of radioactive radon 222Rn for the purpose of treating patients. In Health Resort Nałęczów, the first studies on the content of radon in water were carried out in 1909. Encouraged by promising results, an attempt was made to expand the treatment possibilities/potential of this resort. Balneological treatment procedures were devised; however, they were not implemented in practice. In the following years, no research on the radioactivity of waters in Nałęczów was conducted. In 2005, pilot measurements of radon exhalations were carried out in the vicinity of Lublin. Their results showed no significant concentrations of radon in the air. The paper presents the results of radon studies performed in the years 2009-2011 in the water intake area of the resort and its proximity. The measurements of radon exhalations and its content in water were conducted. The former were carried out using the CR-39 passive dosimeters at the underground level, above the aquifer. Measurements of radon concentrations in soil air and water were performed in selected locations. In the areas in which abnormally high radon exhalations were detected, additional measurements were made using active methods by means of an Alpha GUARD PQ 2000 PRO meter. The performed studies enabled to determine the background exhalation values as 42-190 Bq/3. According to the contemporary knowledge, these values correspond to the concentrations detected in other regions of Lubelskie Voivodeship and the strip of Polish low- and highlands. In the water intake area of the resort, as well as selected parts of Bystra river valley and the Kocianow rift fault, the radon concentrations of 1130-4535 Bq/3 were detected. Such high concentrations should be considered abnormally high, and have not been previously noted in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. These concentrations are comparable to the ones in Sudety mountains and certain parts of Carpathian Mountains. Radon exhalations in the underground mining excavation measured with active method in open crevices and cracks of paleogene rocks reached the value as high as 14110 Bq/3. Locally, water in the zones of elevated radon exhalation levels (except for the resort) can be considered as radon-poor. Zone-related variability of radon exhalations connected with the local tectonic, lithological, and hydrogeochemical conditions of rock mass in this part of Lublin Upland, was determined in the paper. Most probably, the source of radon constitutes glauconite layers with phosphorites from the borderline of Cretaceous and Paleogene. The transportation of radon to the ground level and building cellars is induced and directed by the local tectonics, cracks in rock mass and the flow of water within. Significant difference in the 222Rn-saturation level of iron springs and normally-mineralized waters in similar hydrodynamic conditions, is an interesting phenomenon. Determining a possible influence of ferric ions on the emanation coefficient requires further research, especially as this issue has not been previously investigated. Another important problem is the detection of radon concentrations (over 200 Bq/3) in the existing and designed objects in Nałęczów and its vicinity. Repeating the research on the prospective balneological use of radon in Health Resort Nałęczów – which was conducted a hundred years ago – seems justified as well.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 828-837
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thorium nuclear fuel - thoron aspect
Autorzy:
Zagórski, Z. P.
Głuszewski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148763.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
CR-39
nuclear fuel
radon-220
radon-222
thorium fuel
thoron
Opis:
The communication reports a serious complication connected with preparation, storage and transportation of fuel for thorium and uranium/thorium nuclear reactors. Whereas uranium fuel of any degree of enrichment is free from radium, which produces radon-222, thorium itself produces thoron (radon-220). Measurement of thoron by a routine ionization-chamber device around a small sample of 2 g thorium dioxide shows already the health endangerment situation. The presence of thoron is also confirmed by a typical solid state dosemeter (polymer CR-39), exposed to the air around ThO2 and etched afterwards with warm NaOH solution. The unavoidable presence of thoron can cause increase of price of production of nuclear fuel, demanding special approach to the method of manufacture.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 3; 407-408
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of multivariate analysis of the radon variability in the underground laboratory and indoor environment
Autorzy:
Filipović, J.
Maletić, D.
Udovičić, V.
Banjanac, R.
Joković, D.
Savić, M.
Veselinović, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
multivariate analysis
radon variability
Opis:
The paper presents results of multivariate analysis of variations of radon concentrations in the shallow underground laboratory and a family house, depending on meteorological variables only. All available multivariate classifi cation and regression methods, developed for data analysis in high-energy physics and implemented in the toolkit for multivariate analysis (TMVA) software package in ROOT, are used in the analysis. The result of multivariate regression analysis is a mapped functional behaviour of variations of radon concentration depending on meteorological variables only, which can be used for the evaluation of radon concentration, as well as to help with modelling of variation of radon concentration. The results of analysis of the radon concentration variations in the underground laboratory and real indoor environment, using multivariate methods, demonstrated the potential usefulness of these methods. Multivariate analysis showed that there is a potentially considerable prediction power of variations of indoor radon concentrations based on the knowledge of meteorological variables only. In addition, the online system using the resulting mapped functional behaviour for underground laboratory in the Institute of Physics Belgrade is implemented, and the resulting evaluation of radon concentrations are presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 357-360
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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