- Tytuł:
- NORM-related industrial activities in Estonia - establishing national NORM inventory
- Autorzy:
-
Vaasma, Taavi
Kiisk, Madis
Leier, Maria
Suursoo, Siiri
Jantsikene, Alar
Putk, Kaisa - Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92192.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2019
- Wydawca:
- Główny Instytut Górnictwa
- Tematy:
-
naturally occuring radioactive materials
NORM-related industries
NORM inventory
ionizing radiation
industrial waste
radionuclide enrichment
naturalne źródła promieniowania
przemysł związany z NORM
Wykaz NORM
promieniowanie jonizujące
odpady przemysłowe
wzbogacanie radionuklidów - Opis:
- There is incomplete information available concerning NORM-related (naturally occurring radioactive material) industries in Estonia. In order to fill the gap in this knowledge, a nationwide study was carried out between 2015 and 2017 to determine and radiologically characterize potential NORM-related industries. The study included compiling available literature and studies as well as on-site measurements (external dose rate and radon) and samplings in multiple industries, which had been determined to be potential NORM creators. The results from this study concluded that there are 3 industries in Estonia where the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides can reach an increased level which may require further regulatory control. Radionuclide exemption values were clearly exceeded in the filter materials of drinking water treatment plants that use water from Cambrian-Vendian aquifer. 226Ra and 228Ra values in filter materials reached over 40 kBq kg−1. Additionally, the gross radionuclide activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in waste from a rare metal production industry reached up to 191 kBq kg−1. Clinker dust from the cement industry showed elevated concentrations of 210Pb, rising to over 2 kBq kg−1 in fine clinker dust. The creation of a national NORM inventory can be the basis for establishing a national NORM strategy for the management of NORM residues. This work provides a thorough overview of the radiological parameters of the potential NORM-related industries, describes the radionuclides that have elevated concentrations, provides estimations on their yearly creation amounts and produces input for determining possible NORM management options.
- Źródło:
-
Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2019, 18, 2; 86-93
2300-1364
2300-3960 - Pojawia się w:
- Journal of Sustainable Mining
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł