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Wyszukujesz frazę "quantum mechanics" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Effect algebras and ring-like structures
Autorzy:
Beltrametti, Enrico
Maczyński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/728948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
generalized Boolean quasiring
effect algebra
ring-like structure
quantum logics
axiomatic quantum mechanics
state-supported probability
symmetric difference
Opis:
The dichotomic physical quantities, also called propositions, can be naturally associated to maps of the set of states into the real interval [0,1]. We show that the structure of effect algebra associated to such maps can be represented by quasiring structures, which are a generalization of Boolean rings, in such a way that the ring operation of addition can be non-associative and the ring multiplication non-distributive with respect to addition. By some natural assumption on the effect algebra, the associativity of the ring addition implies the distributivity of the lattice structure corresponding to the effect algebra. This can be interpreted as another characterization of the classicality of the logical systems of propositions, independent of the characterizations by Bell-like inequalities.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2003, 23, 1; 63-79
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some distributivities in GBbi-QRs characterizing Boolean rings
Autorzy:
Kaleta, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/728918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
quasigroup
generalized Boolean bi-quasiring
generalized Boolean quasiring
Boolean ring
ring-like structure
axiomatic quantum mechanics
quantum logic
Opis:
This paper presents some manner of characterization of Boolean rings. These algebraic systems one can also characterize by means of some distributivities satisfied in GBbi-QRs.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications; 2004, 24, 1; 115-124
1509-9415
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is Schrödingers cat dead or alive?
Autorzy:
Grygiel, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
decoherence
measurement problem
quantum logic
quantum mechanics
Schrödinger's cat
Opis:
The Schrödinger's Cat paradox was proposed in 1935 by Edwin Schrodinger, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, as an attempt to visualize the macroscopic realization of a quantum superposition state. A cat is placed in a sealed box together with a vial of poison. A two-state particle (e.g. an electron) is sent into a detector in the box resulting either in a broken or an intact vial and a dead or live cat, respectively. The main problem consists in whether the superposition state of a microscopic particle can be transferred upon the macroscopic cat, that is, whether the cat can exist in a superposition state, being simultaneously dead and alive. Since the standard Copenhagen interpretation is unable to assign any reality to the quantum superposition state, the paradox finds no resolution within the regime of this interpretation. Von Neumann's insistence on the uniform treatment of both microscopic (quantum) and macroscopic (classical) objects according to the laws of quantum mechanics provides a more consistent framework for the resolution of the paradox. In particular, the discovery of the phenomenon of decoherence, whereby the disappearance of the quantum interferences at the macro level is accounted for, suggests the onset of an extremely efficient interference relaxation process (10-23 s) upon the interaction of the two state particle with the detector. As a result, Schrodinger's cat can exist macroscopically either as dead or alive and never as a combination of both. Decoherence not only aids the resolution of the Schrodinger's Cat paradox but also sheds light upon the mechanisms by which the macro-world emerges from the microscopic quantum realm.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2005, 37; 119-139
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Davida Bohma teoria zmiennych ukrytych
David Bohms theory of hidden variables
Autorzy:
Pabjan, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690698.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
David Bohm
hidden variable theory
nonlocality
quantum mechanics
quantum mechanics' interpretations
Opis:
One of the most important interpretative problems of quantum mechanics concerns the so called hidden variables. Sometimes it is said that the Bell's theorem falsifies theories of such variables, but in fact, it falsifies only local ones. This paper deals with David Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is a kind of nonlocal hidden variable theory. This theory delivers a full deterministic and realistic description of quantum phenomena and predicts the same results as standard quantum mechanics. It is argued that this interpretation is still worth being investigated, because it remains in the full agreement with the mathematical formalism of this theory and it surpasses the standard interpretation as far as simplicity and lack of arbitrary assumptions are concerned.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2009, 44; 25-39
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geometric optimal control and two-level dissipative quantum systems
Autorzy:
Bonnard, B.
Sugny, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
optimal control theory
conjugate and cut loci
quantum mechanics
Opis:
The objective of this article is to present techniques of geometric time-optimal control developed to analyze the control of two-level dissipative quantum systems. Combined with numerical simulations they allow to compute the time-minimal control using a shooting method. The robustness with respect to initial conditions and dissipative parameters is also analyzed using a continuation method.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2009, 38, 4A; 1053-1080
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rogera Penrosea obiektywizacja obserwatora w mechanice kwantowej
The objective status of an observer in quantum mechanics according to Roger Penrose
Autorzy:
Grygiel, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691132.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
observer
Roger Penrose
quantum mechanics' interpretations
philosophy of physics
Opis:
Unlike in the classical regime, the measurement performed on a quantum system perturbs the state of the system and its properties remain unknown between measurements. Several early interpretations of quantum mechanics suggested that the reduction of the wave vector that occurs in a measurement is effected by a conscious act of an observer. For example, London and Bauer fostered the conviction that it is the act of observation that decides on the fate of the Schrodinger cat. Later developments of quantum mechanical formalism, e.g., decoherence, indicated that there was no need to causally link the mental states of an observer with the purely physical process of a quantum measurement. In particular, the novel quantum models of human brain put forward by Roger Penrose suggest that it is the reduction of the wave vector that causes conscious act of the observer. Although this reversal does not clarify the specifics of the quantum measurement process directly, it illustrates the principle of methodological naturalism whereby externally introduced heuristic postulates are replaced by well justified scientific explanations.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2009, 45; 45-61
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Krótka (pre)historia argumentu EPR
Short (pre)history of the EPR argument
Autorzy:
Pabjan, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
EPR argument
Einstein-Podolsky -Rosen argument
quantum mechanics
philosophy of physics
Opis:
The 1935 thought experiment of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen is one of the most important episodes in the history of the dispute about the correct interpretation of quantum mechanics. The present paper deals with the origin of the EPR paper and discusses some other thought experiments that preceded the formulation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument. Special attention is paid to the evolution of a simply photon-box experiment, which was devised by Einstein in 1930 and then modified by him several times before 1935. It is argued that the scheme of the original EPR argument is in fact contained in these few seminal experiments.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2010, 47; 54-69
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieprzemienne rachunki prawdopodobieństwa
Noncommutative calculi of probabilty
Autorzy:
Heller, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
theory of probability
noncommutative theory of probability
algebra
noncommutative geometry
quantum mechanics
probability measures
Opis:
The paper can be regarded as a short and informal introduction to noncommutative calculi of probability. The standard theory of probability is reformulated in the algebraic language. In this form it is readily generalized to that its version which is virtually present in quantum mechanics, and then generalized to the so-called free theory of probability. Noncommutative theory of probability is a pair (M, φ) where M is a von Neumann algebra, and φ a normal state on M which plays the role of a noncommutative probability measure. In the standard (commutative) theory of probability, there is, in principle, one mathematically interesting probability measure, namely the Lebesgue measure, whereas in the noncommutative theories there are many nonequivalent probability measures. Philosophical implications of this fact are briefly discussed.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2010, 47; 38-53
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Druga rewolucja kwantowa: dziedzictwo Johna S. Bella
Second Quantum Revolution: The Legacy of John S. Bell
Autorzy:
Pabjan, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
John S. Bell
quantum mechanics
EPR
philosophy of science
Opis:
The history of quantum mechanics is divided into two periods which are labeled as the first and the second quantum revolutions. During the first of these periods mathematical formalism of quantum theory was formulated and interpreted, during the second – new quantum technologies were developed. It turns out that conceptual revolution of the first period enabled technological revolution of the second. In this article it is argued, that Irish physicist, John S. Bell, played an important role in the process of triggering the second quantum revolution. His work on quantum entanglement of the EPR particles made possible elaborating some new methods and theoretical approaches clarifying the quantum description of single objects. These methods and approaches became the core of new scientific domains which are hybrids of quantum mechanics and some classical sciences. The quantum cryptography and the quantum computation are examples of such domains and in the paper special attention is paid to them. It is showed that theoretical analyses of John S. Bell provide a conceptual background for these disciplines and this is why it’s not improper to call this physicist – as Alain Aspect did – a prophet of the second quantum revolution.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2011, 49; 123-137
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziwny świat kwantów
The strange world of quanta
Autorzy:
Pączkowski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
physical theory
quantum mechanics
perception of reality
microscale
macroscale
Opis:
The article entitled “The strange world of quanta” tries to explain, in a very general and selective way, the physics theory known as the quantum mechanics. In opposition to the classical modern theories – the classical mechanics and the mechanism – the quantum mechanics has been characterized as the new revolutionary theory which changed the scientific method and the way the reality was perceived in the XXth century. The title of this article is inspired by the apparent divergence between the everyday world and the world described by the quantum mechanics. The quantum physics is a theory which has been confirmed empirically multiple times and which greatly influenced the technological development in the XXth century. It is also hoped that it will help the humanity in the future. However, as the theory which describes the micro-scale world it stands in opposition to another influential theory of the XXth century – the general theory of relativity – which describes the macro-scale world. The problem is that these two theories can not be both fundamental and true at the same time, as they describe the two aspects of the same world. This incoherence of the laws of the universe is especially disturbing when we take into account the fact that according to the Big Bang theory the universe emerged from the micro-world. Therefore, the science community awaits the emergence of the so-called “theory of everything” which could unify both theories and explain the processes taking place in the micro- and macro-scale equally well.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2011, 12; 309-328
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jak wygląda elektron, gdy nikt nie patrzy?
How does the electron look like when no-one is looking?
Autorzy:
Urbanik, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Collegium Witelona Uczelnia Państwowa
Tematy:
nierówność Bella, eksperyment Sterna–Gerlacha, mechanika kwantowa,
splątanie kwantowe, realizm, lokalność
Bell’s inequality, Stern–Gerlach experiment, quantum mechanics, quantum
entanglement, realism, locality
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono w prosty sposób wyprowadzenie nierówności Bella, odgrywającej ważną rolę w próbach zrozumienia natury cząstek elementarnych. Nierówność ta, wyprowadzona przy pewnych „rozsądnych” założeniach realizmu i lokalności, nie jest spełniona w mikroświecie. Oznacza to więc, że owe założenia nie muszą należeć do paradygmatu poznania mikroświata. Jego „dziwność” stawia wysokie wymagania naszej wyobraźni opartej na intuicji wywodzącej się ze świata makroskopowego.
The paper contains a simple introduction to the Bell’s inequality which is important in understanding the nature of elementary particles. The inequality was derived under “reasonable” assumption of realism and locality and is not satisfied in the quantum world of particles. It means that the above assumption does not necessarily belong to the quantum world paradigm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy; 2011, 7
1896-8333
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concepts of an atom and chemical bond in physics and chemistry: the role of approximations
Autorzy:
Koleżyński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/429151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
philosophy of chemistry
the concept of atom
the concept of chemical bond
evolution of meaning
quantum mechanics
Opis:
It is well known from the history of science, that almost all crucial concepts are subject to change during the evolution of scientific theories. There is, however, another (often forgotten or omitted) aspect of this process, i.e. a role of some approximations, necessarily applied to any system of interest, in practically every single calculation carried out within quantum mechanical formalism, which can also result in change of the meaning of some of these concepts. In this paper, the two concepts of great importance in chemistry and physics, namely the concept of an atom, and the concept of a chemical bond are analyzed, both from the point of view of classical chemistry and quantum mechanics. The evolution of their meaning, due to the approximations, resulting in some important differences is highlighted.
Źródło:
Semina Scientiarum; 2011, 10
1644-3365
Pojawia się w:
Semina Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Między mikroświatem a makroświatem
Between the Microworld and the Macroworld
Autorzy:
Grygiel, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
philosophy of physics
quantum mechanics
general relativity
ontology
Opis:
The current 50th issue of Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce) summarizes the efforts of both philosophers and scientists to understand how a broader philosophical context sets the stage for the development of scientific research, with physics playing a leading role. In particular, the paper reviews the content of the last twenty-five issues of the journal with an emphasis on the philosophical problems that arise in the practice of physics. The overview reveals that these problems reflect the main conceptual division in physics between the treatment of the micro-world described by quantum mechanics and the macro-world governed by the general theory of relativity. Both of these theories, taken separately, generate a host of philosophical concerns such as their proper interpretation (Bell’s Theorem and its consequences) or the meaning and the eventual validity of the notions of space and time. Other philosophical problems in physics, such as chaos and determinism, are also considered. The authors are well aware that the formulation of the future theory of quantum gravity will be a demanding task requiring profound philosophical reflection.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2012, 50; 46-62
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantum issues in diagnostics of marine energy machines and devices
Zagadnienia kwantowe w diagnostyce okrętowych urządzeń energetycznych
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
diagnostyka
mechanika kwantowa
okrętowe urządzenie energetyczne
diagnostics
quantum mechanics
marine energy machines / devices
Opis:
The paper rises the issue of a possibility to consider some achievements of the quantum mechanics in the diagnostics of marine energy machines and devices. It has been shown that the observations from the quantum mechanics and technical diagnostics obtained in the knowledge field of the empirical research are convergent. The need has been justified as for empirical research to make not only calculations of errors, but also to determine the uncertainty of test results (measurements) and identify whether they are mainly the result of inaccuracy of energy machines / devices as the research objects – or inaccuracy of the measuring technique (measuring methods and means). Moreover, the possibility of using mathematical statistics has been presented for describing the results of the studies connected with determining the instantaneous values of the measured quantities. It has been shown at the same time the necessity for the empirical research of a clear definition of the instantaneous value characterized by two coordinates: a measured value of a physical quantity and a value of time which the measured value of the physical quantity is assigned to.
W artykule podjęto zagadnienie możliwości uwzględniania części dorobku mechaniki kwantowej w diagnostyce okrętowych urządzeń energetycznych. Wykazano, że są zbieżne spostrzeżenia mechaniki kwantowej i diagnostyki technicznej uzyskane w obszarze wiedzy z zakresu badań empirycznych. Uzasadniono konieczność wykonywania podczas badań empirycznych, nie tylko rachunku błędów, lecz także określania niedokładności wyników badań (pomiarów) wraz z ustaleniem, czy są one głównie wynikiem niedokładności urządzeń energetycznych jako obiektów badań, czy też – niedokładności techniki pomiarowej (metod i środków pomiarowych). Przedstawiono także możliwość zastosowania statystyki matematycznej do opracowania wyników badań związanych z określaniem wartości chwilowych wielkości mierzonych. Wykazano przy tym konieczność stosowania w badaniach empirycznych jednoznacznej definicji wartości chwilowej, która jest charakteryzowana przez dwie współrzędne: wartość mierzoną wielkości fizycznej i wartość czasu, której przyporządkowana jest wartość mierzona wielkości fizycznej.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 30 (102); 37-45
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teorie kwantowe jako podstawa nowoczesnej kryptografii
Quantum theories as modern cryptography basis
Autorzy:
Sobota, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/326360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
kryptografia kwantowa
mechanika kwantowa
zasada nieoznaczoności Heisenberga
splątanie kwantowe
quantum cryptography
quantum mechanics
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
quantum entanglement
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia kilka fundamentalnych praw oraz twierdzeń mechaniki kwantowej stanowiących podstawę kryptografii kwantowej.
This paper presents some fundamental rights and theorems of quantum mechanics stands base of quantum cryptography.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2012, 61; 277-283
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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