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Tytuł:
Similarities and differences in changing NPS market brought by new regulatory approaches in selected Eastern and Central European states with mostly focus on Poland and Latvia
Autorzy:
Malczewski, Artur
Zīle-Veisberga, Agnese
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
New Psychoactive Substances
Law on New Psychoactive Substances
post-communist countries
Opis:
The main objective of the paper is to explain, compare and conclude the effect on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market brought by new and innovative responses to regulate the NPS (mostly between 2010 and 2014) in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania. Countries where NPS problem reached the peak, the traditional response or simply substance scheduling did not work. Since the NPS do not fall under market regulations, also the response to the problem was innovative stepping out of the existing system (for example, temporary prohibition in Poland, Latvia). Moreover, a political and social pressure has been a factor to speed up the development of new regulations, sometime affecting the quality. Seemingly harsh sanctions and immediate reaction are main elements to close the NPS street shops. Meanwhile this approach hasn’t caused a step back for chemical industry or science. Still is open question if national regulations against NPS market are fully enough. NPS market reacts very quickly for changing and only very strong and fast reaction from the institutional level seems to be effectiveness. Although NPS market differs in each country, study shows that harsh sanctions such as criminal liability and immediate reaction significantly decrease the availability of NPS, and thus contribute in decreasing acute health problems and prevalence. It was observed that at the time when stricter measure came into force, hospital emergencies were increased (Poland, Romania and in same extent Latvia).
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2019, 9, 2; 10-19
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders caused by psychoactive substances (F11-19 block), with a focus on NPS and psychiatric co-morbidities
Autorzy:
Engelgardt, Piotr
Krzyżanowski, Maciej
Piotrowski, Przemysław
Borkowska-Sztachańska, Małgorzata
Wasilewska, Agnieszka
Kowalkowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-13
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
addiction
epidemiology
psychoactive substances
drug users
new psychoactive substances
psychiatric comorbidity
Opis:
ObjectivesThis study analyzed the prevalence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) use in the analyzed group and compared demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between the 2 subgroups (NPS users, non-NPS users). The secondary measure was used to determine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in study group and to compare demographic features and psychoactive substance profiles between 2 subgroups (the F11–19 only diagnosed group and the F11–19 group with psychiatric comorbidities according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsA 12-month retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records compiled for adult psychiatric patients who had been admitted to the Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, in October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 was conducted. After analyzing the available medical records, 157 cases were included and analyzed. Data for the study were collected in a specially designed monitoring card from discharge reports, including data from psychiatric examinations, especially anamnesis. Results: The most commonly declared psychoactive substances were amphetamine (AMF) – 54% and cannabinoids – 46%. The prevalence of NPS use in the study group was 34%. Inpatients taking NPS, as compared with non-NPS users, were younger and more often admitted to hospital through the Emergency Department. It was also found that NPS users more often took AMF or cannabinoids, and less frequently benzodiazepines (BDZ) or opioids. However, the taking of AMF, cannabinoids and BDZ was also age-dependent.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in the study group was 9%. Inpatients with psychiatric comorbidities were older and took BDZ significantly more often than AMF. In addition, NPS use affects different groups, including a specific group as the analyzed sample, which shows a similar NPS use profile as different groups described in the literature.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 125-136
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Boosters – a Phenomenon and Threats
Autorzy:
Jędrzejko, Mariusz
Netczuk-Gwoździewicz, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
boosters
drugs
psychoactive substances
poisoning
Opis:
the article is an analysis of the issue of drugs consumption, in the historical context, and concentrates on the synthetic drugs production that lasts for the last decades. authors mainly focus on the most present topic – the boosters: their impact on health (intoxication), distribution and production. they consider measures taken by authorities to fight this phenomenon, as well as show its partial efficiency due to changes in boosters production (flexible changes of consistence) and distribution (foreign platforms use).
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2016, 17(17); 99-113
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena dostępności do papierosów w opinii dzieci i młodzieży z miasta Włocławka
Assessment of cigarettes availability in the opinion of children and young people from the city of Włocławek
Autorzy:
Lewicka, Marta
Smyk, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa we Włocławku
Tematy:
cigarettes
youth
children
addictions
psychoactive substances
Opis:
Introduction. Smoking and smoke- exposure have a number of negative effects on health , both socially and individually. The early onset of smoking is a major risk of smoking initiation and is associated with young people's engagement in other unhealthy behaviors . Aim. The aim of the study is to assess nicotine products availability for children and young people from the city of Włocławek. Material and methods. The study included 369 students from schools in Włocławek. The study used a method of diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. Results. 1. 84.3% of students declare that they do not smoke, 2. 58.6% of smokers declare that they smoke in exceptional situations, and addictive (daily) smoking was declared by 22.4% of respondents. 3. 27.5% of respondents declared the initiation of smoking at the age of 10 and under. 4. 14.4% of the respondents bought cigarettes by themselves. Conclusions. 1. A significant majority of pupils from schools in Włocławek (84.3%) declare that they do not smoke cigarettes. 2. Students from schools in Włocławek most often declare that they smoke in exceptional situations. Every fifth teenager from the group of smokers smokes on daily basis. 3. The percentage of people initiating smoking at the age of 10 and under is significant.
Wstęp. Palenie tytoniu oraz narażenie na dym nikotynowy niesie za sobą szereg negatywnych skutków zdrowotnych, zarówno w rozumieniu jednostkowym jak i społecznym. Wczesna inicjacja nikotynowa zwiększa ryzyko palenia tytoniu w przyszłości i wykazuje związek z podejmowaniem przez młodzież innych zachowań niekorzystnych dla zdrowia. Cel. Celem pracy jest ocena dostępności do wyrobów nikotynowych wśród dzieci i młodzieży z miasta Włocławka. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono wśród 369 uczniów włocławskich szkół. W badaniu posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety własnej. Wyniki. 1. 84,3% uczniów deklaruje, że nie pali papierosów, 2. Spośród palących badanych 58,6 % deklaruje, że pali w wyjątkowych sytuacjach, a nałogowe (codzienne) palenie zadeklarowało 22,4% badanych. 3. 27,5% badanych zadeklarowało inicjacje palenia w wieku 10 lat i poniżej. 4. 14,4% ankietowanych kupiło papierosy samodzielnie. Wnioski. 1. Znacząca większość uczniów szkół włocławskich (84,3%) deklaruje, że nie pali papierosów. 2. Uczniowie z włocławskich szkół palący tytoń najczęściej deklarują, że palą w wyjątkowych sytuacjach. Co piąty nastolatek z grupy osób palących pali tytoń nałogowo (codziennie). 3. Znaczący jest odsetek osób inicjujących palenie w wieku 10 lat i poniżej.
Źródło:
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu; 2018, 3, 1; 24-38
2451-1846
Pojawia się w:
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Młodzież w obliczu problemu uzależnień od substancji psychoaktywnych – profilaktyka
Autorzy:
Szymaniak, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
youth
prevention
addiction
psychoactive substances
family
Opis:
The phenomenon of addiction to psychoactive substances is a global social problem. The problem concerns people of all ages, regardless of social status, gender or origin, with too many populations experimenting with intoxicants. The spreading phenomenon is increasingly affecting adolescents who, in the age of development and accessibility, are becoming a frequent consumer of consciousness-changing agents. The aim of the article is to approximate preventive measures that will reduce and eliminate the phenomenon of consumption of psychoactive substances by young people. The publication also addresses the issue of contemporary problems and threats that young people face in everyday life, as well as helps to find out the reasons for the use of toxic substances by adolescents. A significant part of the article is devoted to the role of the family, which plays a preventive role in eliminating the phenomenon. Not without significance is the school environment in which young people spend a significant amount of time. Preventive programs are also presented, which reduce the consumption of narcotic substances by adolescents.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2019, 24; 228-239
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrolować czy nie, ale jeśli kontrolować, to w jaki sposób? Wyzwania związane ze zjawiskiem nowych substancji psychoaktywnych
To Control or Not, But If So, Then in What Manner? Challenges Associated with the Appearance of New Psychoactive Substances
Autorzy:
Krajewski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kontrola
substancje psychoaktywne
control
psychoactive substances
Opis:
Definitions of drug offences must remain in agreement with the principle of nullumcrimen sine lege certa, which demands a precise definition of the subject of thesecrimes, namely illegal psychoactive substances. A basic legislative technique in thisregard is the creation of lists of controlled substances determined by annexes to theappropriate legal acts. Their advantage is precision, but the undoubted disadvantageis low elasticity. In the case of the appearance of a new psychoactive substance, itremains legal until it has been placed onto the appropriate list. This did not have muchsignificance when the market was dominated by well-known substances of natural orpolysynthetic character, and the appearance of new substances was rare. Already inthe 1970s, however, the phenomenon of purely synthetic substances began: so-calleddesigner drugs. They were often primarily created to avoid the existing system ofcontrol: sometimes small changes in the molecular chain of an illegal substance yieldeda new substance of similar psychoactive qualities that did not come under scrutiny.This phenomenon accelerated significantly in the 1990s. The phenomenon of so-callednew psychoactive substances (NPS) became a serious problem, specifically when theybegan to be offered for sale on a wider scale in special shops (so-called smart shops),or on the Internet as a legal equivalent of an illegal narcotic (so-called legal highs). Therace between legislators and chemists “inventing” more and more substances entereda new phase at that time.The answer for legislators in many countries of the world was so-called genericdefinitions, or analogue definitions, under which whole groups of substances cameunder control. However, in many countries these raise constitutional objections, due totheir partially-determined character. This is why the dominant method is still makinglists, which requires the phenomenon of ceaseless revision. Accompanying this isthe problem of evaluating the legitimacy of dispersing controls on new psychotropicsubstances that are provided for illegal narcotics. New psychoactive substances are mostoften poorly understood during the moment when a decision is being made about theirillegalisation: not much is clear about their psychoactive qualities, their potential tocause addiction (dependence potential), their acute toxicity, nor their chronic toxicity.This raises questions about the criteria used for making decisions about illegalisation:are these decisions based in reality on scientific evidence (evidence-based decisions), orare they also taken based on a precautionary principle. In the latter case, banning themis essentially of a political nature and is being done just in case.An example of a formalised procedure of risk assessment linked to new psychoactivesubstances is the European early warning system carried out under the supervision of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addition (EMCDDA). Therisk evaluation procedure begins with a technical report prepared by EMCDDA andEuropol, who must provide all scientific information on the subject of the givensubstance. A proper evaluation is performed by a broad scientific committee of theEMCDDA. In its report, the committee presents only the facts. On their basis, a finaldecision is taken by the European Commission. If they decide on the control option,member countries are obliged to add the substance to their national lists of controllednarcotics. Since the number of new psychoactive substances appearing in recent years hasrisen dramatically, this system has begun to reach the limits of its efficiency. Due tothis, even during the previous term of the European Parliament, work had begun ona new directive about the issue, the draft of which proposed abandoning the system ofdichotomous treatment of psychoactive substances as either illegal narcotics or as legalsubstances. It is to be replaced with a tripartite separation of psychoactive substancesinto those which present a low risk to health, society and safety (not subject to anylimiting measures), moderate risk (subject to bans on them entering the market, butnot controlled for research, medical or veterinary goals), and high risk (subject tocontrols designed for narcotics).The problem of new psychoactive substances, so-called legal highs, appeared inPoland on a wider scale around 2007-2008. The initial reaction of the legislature wasof a standard character and consisted of extending the lists of controlled substances.This was done in March 2009, June 2010, and April 2011. It was only in October 2010that new control mechanisms were introduced. Due to the concept of substitute drugs,“legal highs” were put under administrative controls differing from the control systemfor intoxicating agents and psychotropic substances. Eventually in July 2015, anotheramendment to legislation on the prevention of drug addiction, on the one hand,extended the list of intoxicating agents and psychotropic substances by another 114substances (consequently, the lists used in Poland now included 428 substances). Onthe other hand, it expanded new forms of control for these substances. Within thisframework, the Ministry of Health introduced a list of new psychoactive substancesin an annex to the regulations, which eases and speeds up the process of addingamendments. Sanctions associated with the illegal turnover of these substances havean administrative rather than criminal character and do not affect normal possession.Despite attempts to find an indirect way, the consequences of Polish politicstowards legal highs are quite paradoxical. Twice after extending the list of controlledsubstances (in June 2010 and July 2015), an increase appeared (a dramatic one in July2015) of poisoning attributed to legal highs. This was certainly a result of the marketreacting to illegalisation. It was due to the replacement of these newly-illegal substanceswith something often markedly more harmful.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2015, XXXVII; 5-50
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of admissions to the Emergency Department of the Psychiatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała connected with psychotic disorders induced by psychoactive drug use
Analiza zgłoszeń do Izby Przyjęć Szpitala Psychiatrycznego w Bielsku-Białej związanych z zaburzeniami psychotycznymi wynikającymi z używania substancji psychoaktywnych
Autorzy:
Kaizer-Będkowska, Magdalena Joanna
Kucia, Krzysztof Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
designer drugs
novel psychoactive substances
psychotic disorders
Opis:
Background: The recreational use of psychoactive substances has become quite popular nowadays, yet there a sufficient body of data about psychotic disorders associated with toxicity of these substances is still lacking. The purpose of this article is description of the psychotic disorders among individuals checking into the Admissions Department in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Bielsko-Biała during a period of seven years. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of cases attended to by the Emergency Department of the Psychiatric Hospital, admitted to the Psychiatric Ward in Bielsko-Biała, and diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders due to drug use and use of other psychoactive substances between January 2010 and December 2016. The exclusion criterion was prior or concurrent diagnosis of psychotic disorders secondary to a psychiatric condition. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics was used. For the statistical calculations, a freeware spreadsheet software was used. Results: During the period covered by the study there were 5,769 hospitalisations in total, out of which 156 were cases of psychotic disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances. An average patient was a 26-year-old man, with lower education, unemployed, and single. Alcohol co-ingestion was reported in almost one-third of the cases. As regards the mental state, the most frequently reported symptoms were: delusions (63.5%), hallucinations (50%), suicidal thoughts (14.1%) and considerable psychomotor agitation (31.4%). In 60.2% of cases, aggressive behaviour was reported. Conclusions: Most hospitalisations were connected with symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. The patients’ aggressive behaviour posing danger to others was the major problem. The substance used by the patients often remained unidentified.
Wstęp: Choć używanie substancji psychoaktywnych jest w dzisiejszych czasach coraz bardziej popularne, wciąż nie ma zbyt wielu danych na temat zaburzeń psychotycznych związanych z toksycznością tych substancji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opis zaburzeń psychotycznych wśród pacjentów zgłaszających się na Izbę Przyjęć jednego ze szpitali psychiatrycznych w Bielsku-Białej w okresie siedmiu lat. Materiał i metody: Retrospektywna analiza przypadków osób, które w okresie od stycznia 2010 do grudnia 2016 roku zgłosiły się do Oddziału Ratunkowego i zostały przyjęte na Oddział Psychiatryczny w Bielsku-Białej z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń psychicznych i zaburzenia zachowania spowodowanych naprzemiennym przyjmowaniem środków psychoaktywnych. Kryterium wykluczającym było wcześniejsze lub jednoczesne rozpoznanie zaburzeń psychotycznych na podłożu choroby psychicznej. Do analizy danych użyto statystyki opisowej, do wykonywania obliczeń statystycznych – bezpłatnego oprogramowania arkusza kalkulacyjnego. Wyniki: W badanym okresie było 5769  hospitalizacji, przyczynę 156 stanowiły zaburzenia psychotyczne związane z przyjmowaniem substancji psychoaktywnych. Przeciętny pacjent był 26-letnim mężczyzną z wykształceniem niższym, bezrobotnym i samotnym. W prawie jednej trzeciej przypadków odnotowano dodatkowo nadużywanie alkoholu. W odniesieniu do stanu psychicznego najczęściej zgłaszanymi objawami były: urojenia (63,5%), omamy (50%), myśli samobójcze (14,1%), znaczne pobudzenie psychoruchowe (31,4%). W 60,2% przypadków odnotowano agresywne zachowania. Wnioski: Większość hospitalizacji wiązała się z takimi objawami, jak urojenia i halucynacje. Poważnym problemem było agresywne zachowanie pacjentów stanowiące zagrożenie dla innych. Stosowanej substancji często nie udało się zidentyfikować.
Źródło:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna; 2018, 18, 2; 160-165
1644-6313
2451-0645
Pojawia się w:
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem inicjacji narkotykowej wśród młodzieży oraz profilaktyka zjawiska.
The problem of initiation of drug use among young people and the prevention of the phenomenon.
Autorzy:
Kowal, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/527717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
psychoactive drugs
prevention
initiation of drug use
Opis:
Steadily increasing access to psychoactive drugs and often fascinated positive image of drugs, artificially created by the media and various subcultures requires drastic increase in prevention activities. The first contact with drugs usually falls on puberty and experiment with new experiences psychophysical. Often young people during this period seek to identify and accept their own „self” in society. Unfortunately, this creates a high risk of addiction to psychoactive substances. The publication trying to bring any circumstances and causes of first contact with the drug, the risks it may bring in the future and preventive measures to be taken to avoid or significantly reduce the phenomenon. The rest of the article is devoted to the treatment of addiction and prophylactic methods to prevent and largely can help to reduce the incidence of drug abuse.
Źródło:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 4; 111-119
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leczenie PTSD z wykorzystaniem MDMA jako sposób przeciwdziałania zjawisku samobójstwa (problemy de lege lata)
Treatment of PTSD with MDMA as a method of counteracting the incidence of suicide. A discussion in the context of Polish law
Autorzy:
Burdziak, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027163.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
PTSD
MDMA
psychoactive substances
suicide
substancje psychoaktywne
samobójstwo
Opis:
Przedmiotem pracy uczyniono problematykę leczenia PTSD z wykorzystaniem MDMA jako sposobu przeciwdziałania zjawisku samobójstwa. Rozważania w tym zakresie przeprowadzono na tle polskiego prawa. W pracy wykorzystano metodę dogmatycznoprawną. Zdecydowano się przy tym skorzystać z derywacyjnej koncepcji wykładni prawa autorstwa M. Zielińskiego. Autor pracy ustalił, że: 1) PTSD może stanowić źródło zagrożenia dla życia i zdrowia człowieka w postaci targnięcia się przezeń na własne życie; 2) PTSD może być skutecznie leczone z wykorzystaniem MDMA; 3) polskie prawo nie pozwala na wykorzystywanie MDMA w leczeniu PTSD; 4) polskie prawo przewiduje odpowiedzialność karną za posiadanie MDMA/ecstasy.
The subject of the study is the treatment of PTSD with the use of MDMA as a method of counteracting the incidence of suicide. The discussion is carried out in the context of Polish law. The method used in the paper involves an analysis of the law in force, aided by M. Zieliński’s derivative concept of legal interpretation. The author of the study has established that: 1) PTSD may constitute a source of a threat to human life and health where persons might take their own lives; 2) PTSD can be successfully treated with MDMA; 3) Polish law does not allow the use of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD; 4) Polish law provides for criminal liability for possession of MDMA/ecstasy.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 35; 9-22
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Age Differences In Psychoactive Substance Abuse In Population Of The Republic Of Belarus
Autorzy:
Lelevich, Vladimir
Vinitskaya, Hanna
Sarana, Yuliya
Tischenko, Eugenij
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Belarus
Narcological Register
drug abusers
population
psychoactive substances
Opis:
Background. The recent epidemiological studies conducted in Belarus point to a fall in the average age of registered drug abusers and in the age of drug use onset, an increasing proportion of injecting drugs, and addicted persons. The aim of the study was to evaluate the age differences in the prevalence of psychoactive substance abuse in the Republic of Belarus using the official data of the Ministry of Health. Material and methods. The data on registered drug abusers, who were recorded in the Narcological Register in health care institutions between 2000 and 2014, were analyzed. Results. During that period the number of drug abusers under observation increased almost 3 times, and the situation with the spread of psychoactive substances changed towards appearance of synthetic drugs. The spread of particular drugs (opioids, cannabinoides, inhalants, and Spice based designer drugs) was shown to be depended upon the age of registered drug abusers. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate necessity of the age-related studies on drug abuse prevalence, and might be useful for working up preventive measures to stop the spread of drug addiction.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2016, 15, 3; 85-94
2300-9705
2353-2807
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychoaktywni użytkownicy dróg
Psychoactive traffic users
Autorzy:
Bąk-Gajda, D.
Bąk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
substancje psychoaktywne
kierowca
zmysły
psychoactive substances
driver
senses
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono informacje nt. podstawowych elementów składających się na sprawność uczestników ruchu drogowego (m in. zdolność widzenia przestrzennego, widzenie w nocy, czas reakcji) z punktu widzenia psychologii transportu a zwłaszcza bezpieczeństwa pracy w transporcie). Celem tych rozważań jest zwrócenie uwagi na wpływ środków psychoaktywnych na tę sprawność. Omówiono zatem działanie alkoholu, narkotyków, dopalaczy i leków w kontekście funkcjonowania człowieka w ruchu drogowym.
This article presents basic elements that add up to traffic users' capableness (e.g., spatial vision, night vision, reaction time) from the point of view of transport psychology (with additional weight laid in work safety in transport). We stress the impact of psychoactive substances on that capability and, to do so, we discuss impact of alcohol and drugs in the context of a driver's performance.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2014, 3; 14-18
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Existing well known and new psychoactive illicit drugs with a broad ranging hazardous potential. A detailed report on one’s experiences
Autorzy:
Brack, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Psychoactive drugs
health impairments
social impacts
public health
Opis:
Regarding the prevalence of illicit psychoactive drugs about one third of the adults in Germany are experienced with such kind of drugs. Consumption of classical illegal drugs like heroin and cocaine seems to be unchanged. This article focuses essentially on ‘natural and synthetic drugs’ with respect to (i) injecting drug users (IDU) with the potential of spreading blood borne infections such as, e.g., HBV, HCV and HIV and (ii) people actively participating in sexual exposure settings where psychotropic drugs are concomitantly used. Entactogenic [1,2] drugs are also in demand in these settings especially for sexual stimulation. The addressed issues are to highlight the complexity of the misuse of illicit psychotropic drugs in Germany, and then both targeting directly the individual, temporally limited as well as permanently following hazards of health; furthermore, the indirect consequences are the increasing spread of STIs (sexually transmitted infections) that poses the next relevant issues for public health and social importance. The drugs discussed here are no longer restricted to the most-atrisk populations [3] but have been expanded to include the general population
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(1); 197-200
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytically confirmed presence of psychoactive substances, especially new psychoactive substances in a group of patients hospitalized with mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis
Autorzy:
Engelgardt, Piotr
Krzyżanowski, Maciej
Piotrowski, Przemysław
Borkowska-Sztachańska, Malgorzata
Wasilewska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
THC
epidemiology
addiction
new psychoactive substances
opioids
amphetamine
Opis:
ObjectivesThe study assessed the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in comparison to “classic” drugs in the group of newly admitted patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis (section F11–19 according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsData from anamnesis and the blood and urine samples were collected from 116 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. All of them expressed written informed consent. Analytical confirmation was obtained by highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation.ResultsIn the sample, 108 (93%) of 116 were positive for psychoactive substances (including 96 cases where >1 substance was found), 69% of individuals were tested positive for opioids and 67% for benzodiazepines. Eleven (9%) of 116 patient samples were positive for NPS. We detected 7 different substances. Six of them were synthetic cannabinoids: PB-22, MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, AB-CHMINACA, MMB-FUBINACA, THJ-2201 and one synthetic cathinone 3-CMC.ConclusionsThe prevalence and NPS profile (the predominance of synthetic cannabinoids) are similar in the group of people with addiction to psychoactive substances as in populations of people taking recreational drugs and the overdose patients admitted to the hospital.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 4; 485-495
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi w związku z przygotowanym przez władze miasta Leszna projektem przepisów karnych mających na celu zwalczanie obrotu tak zwanymi dopalaczami
Analysis of the draft criminal law provisions regarding the problem of designer drugs
Autorzy:
Pohl, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
misdemeanor
psychoactive substance
amendment
wykroczenie
substancja psychoaktywna
zmiana prawa
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia opinię projektu polskich przepisów karnych regulujących obrót tzw. dopalaczami.
The article presents the opinion of the draft amendments on the circulation of some psychoactive substances in Polish penal law.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2018, 22, 2; 5-16
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Suicide Death and the Action of Psychoactive Substances on the Body
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
suicide
psychoactive substance
self-destruction
addiction
drugs
suicidal behavior
Opis:
This report deals with the possible causes of suicidal death, which is often caused by psychoactive substances. It is not about the impact that damages individual human organs, but about the action that causes changes in an individual’s psyche. Drugs that are taken for various reasons for a long time can cause dependence on them, and sometimes they also lead to the appearance of suicidal thoughts. The author, concerned about the situation of the increasing number of suicides in our country within the last two years, decided to write an article. Mainly, it is targeted at people who often do not realize the possibility of addiction to drugs, the so-called afterburners, alcohol or other psychological means of self-destruction. The case described in the article is aimed at making people aware that addictions take place in different environments, and that individuals with well-being can take their own lives for reasons only known to them. In order to prevent, or at least significantly reduce the number of cases associated with the intake of psychoactive substances, which may also contribute to taking one’s own life, preventive measures are necessary. One should make adults (mainly parents) aware of their unconscious impact on the emergence of addictions to toxic agents on both the physical and mental health of emotionally immature juveniles. The young generation may not see alternatives to a distant future, and it is the duty of those who are responsible for them to show them the sense in continuing their existence.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(2); 61-77
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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