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Tytuł:
Model of Biomass Productivity under the Influence of Change in the Phytotoxicity of Podzol Soil Due to Reintroduction of Sewage Sludge under Energy Willow
Autorzy:
Lopushniak, Vasyl
Hrytsuliak, Halyna
Polutrenko, Myroslava
Lopushniak, Halyna
Voloshyn, Yurii
Kotsyubynska, Yulia
Baran, Bagdana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
energy willow
sewage sludge
productivity
productivity model
phytotoxicity
Opis:
Utilization of sewage sludge during phytoremediation of territories and its introduction as fertilizer for energy crops requires testing for phytotoxicity of the soil cover, which will allow determining an ecologically safe dose of its use and minimizing the negative impact on agroecosystems. It will also contribute to the formation of optimal productivity of agrophytocenoses as well as optimize the nutrition conditions for intensive growth and development of cultivated plants. The research conducted an analysis of the impact of the increase in phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil from the introduction of fresh sewage sludge and its composts with various organic materials (sawdust of coniferous trees, straw of grain crops) on the formation of biomass productivity of energy willow during a repeated cycle of cultivation. Regression and correlation analyses were used to build a mathematical model of biomass productivity under the influence of changes in the phytotoxicity of podzol soil due to repeated introduction of sewage sludge under the energy willow. The obtained regression dependences show that the formation of phytotoxicity of sod-podzolic soil is most affected by the increase in the content of Pb and Cd. However, the introduction of the norm of fresh SS within 80 t/ha did not lead to an increase in the content of these heavy metals above the maximum allowable concentrations, although it contributed to an increase in phytotoxicity to an above average level. The maximum predicted productivity, depending on the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil, is about 60 t/ha at a content of Cd = 0.25; Ni = 1.1 Pb = 4.6 mg/kg soil. As the phytotoxicity of the soil increases to an above-average level (phytotoxic effect 40–46%), the intensity of biomass accumulation of energy willow slows down somewhat. In general, after a repeated cycle of using the plantation during the 4-year growing season of energy willow in all options where fertilizers were applied, the productivity of wood biomass increased significantly compared to the control option by 7.7–17.4 t/ha and with the smallest significant difference between the indicators of the research options 4.23 t/ha.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 12; 217--226
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors influencing farmers’ awareness and choice of adaptation strategies to climate change by smallholder crop farmers
Autorzy:
Mdoda, Lelethu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
Climate variability, awareness, crop productivity, adaptation strategies, Binary Model, Libode.
Opis:
Climate variability is a global phenomenon and its effects on agricultural productivity have been experienced by developing countries drastically. Climate differences such as high temperatures, drought and long seasons have led to a loss in food production through crop failure, water stress, and human disease outbreak. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate factors influencing farmers’ awareness and choice of adaptation strategies to climate variability by smallholder crop farmers in Libode, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Primary data were purposively collected from 120 smallholder crop farmers. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate factors influencing farmers’ awareness while Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the choice of adaptation strategies employed by crop farmers. Results showed that farmers have perceived climate change and have adapted to changing climatic conditions. The empirical results have showed that socio-economic factors such as years spent in school, land size, farm experience, and extension services affect farmers' awareness positively while age has a negative influence. Few farmers have adjusted their farming practices to account for the effects of climate change. Thus, the study identifies crop diversification and agroforestry as being the most promising strategies with benefits for farmers, the environment and future generations. The government should develop policies aimed at providing and enhancing farmers’ knowledge on climate change. Farmers are encouraged to form farm organizations and be active as to serve as a platform to share knowledge on indigenous and technological farming practices for effective climate change adaptation.  
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2020, 58, 4; 401-413
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of Global and Regional Climate Changes upon the Crop Yields
Autorzy:
Kaminskiy, Viktor
Asanishvili, Nadia
Bulgakov, Volodymyr
Kaminska, Valentyna
Dukulis, Ilmars
Ivanovs, Semjons
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
climate
vegetation
model
weather
forecast
productivity
Opis:
The negative impact of global and regional climate changes upon the crop yields leads to the violation of the crop production stability. The development of reliable methods for assessment of the climatic factors by the reaction of the crops to them in order to minimize the impact of climatic stresses upon the sustainability of food systems is an urgent scientific task. This problem was studied on the example of growing corn. A mathematical analysis of the main meteorological indicators for 16 years of research has been performed on the basis of which the frequency and direction of the occurrence of atypical and extreme weather conditions in various periods of the corn vegetation season were established by the coefficient of significance of deviations of the weather elements from the average long-term norm. It has been proved that the probability of occurrence of such weather conditions in the period from April to September is 38–81% in terms of the average temperature of the month, and 31–69% in terms of precipitation. By using the information base of the corn yields in a stationary field experiment with the gradations of factors: A (the fertilizer option) – A1-A12, B (the crop care method) – B1-B3, C (the hybrid) – C1-C7, the most critical month of the corn ontogeny was established when the weather has a decisive influence upon the formation of the crop. With the help of the correlation-regression analysis it was proved that the corn yield most significantly depends on the average monthly temperature in June, and for the hybrids with FАО 200–299 – on the amount of precipitation in the month of May. The obtained mathematical models make it possible to predict the yield of corn at a high level of reliability depending on the indicators of the main climate-forming factors in June, that is, even before the flowering of the plants (before the stage of ВВСН 61).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 4; 71--77
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Empirical Study Of Productivity Growth In EU28 - Spatial Panel Analysis
Autorzy:
Olejnik, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/633093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
spatial panel model
spatial econometrics
productivity growth
Opis:
This paper investigates the spatial process of productivity growth in the European Union on the foundations of the theory of New Economic Geography. The proposed model is based on the study of NUTS 2 regions and takes into consideration a spatial weights matrix in order to better describe the structure of spatial dependence between EU regions. Furthermore, our paper attempts to investigate the applicability of some new approaches to spatial modelling including parameterization of the spatial weights matrix. Our study presents an application of the spatial panel model with fixed effects to Fingleton’s theoretical framework. We suggest that the applied approach constitutes an innovation to spatial econometric studies providing additional information hence, a deeper analysis of the investigated problem.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2014, 17, 4; 187-202
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of human capital on agricultural productivity in Senegal
Autorzy:
Ndour, Cheikh Tidiane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Human capital
agricultural productivity
non-parametric model
production function
tobit model
Opis:
To feed the African’s population from a strong agriculture able to fight food insecurity requires to increase the level of human capital operators (education, training and experience). This study aims to analyze the effects of human capital on the efficiency and productivity of farmers. Using stochastic frontier model and simple Tobit, we examined the impact of human capital on agricultural productivity of 183 operators spread over three communes (Diama and Ronkh Gandon) of Senegal River valley. The results from the estimates show that human capital affects positively and significantly the productivity. These results imply that improving the level of education and experience is likely to increase yields and to make them more efficient
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 64; 34-43
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field and modelling study for deficit irrigation strategy on roots volume and water productivity of wheat
Autorzy:
Abdelraouf, Ramadan E.
El-Shawadfy, Mohamed A.
Dewedar, Osama M.
Hozayn, Mahmoud
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
irrigation
roots volume
SALTMED model
soil moisture
water productivity
wheat
Opis:
In many regions of the world, including Egypt, water shortages threaten food production. An irrigation deficient strategy in dry areas has been widely investigated as a valuable and sustainable approach to production. In this study, the dry matter and grain yield of wheat was decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water as well as the volume of the root system. As a result of this, there was an increase the soil moisture stress. This negatively affected the absorption of water and nutrients in the root zone of wheat plants, which ultimately had an effect on the dry matter and grain yield of wheat. The values of dry matter and grain yield of wheat increased with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class. It is possible that this was due to the increase in the genetic characteristic of the root size with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class, as this increase led to the absorption of water and nutrients from a larger volume of root spread. Despite being able to increase the water productivity of wheat by decreasing the amount of added irrigation water, the two highest grain yield values were achieved when adding 100% and 80% of irrigation requirements (IR) needed to irrigate the wheat and no significant differences between the yield values at 100% and 80% of IR were found. Therefore, in accordance with this study, the recommended irrigation for wheat is at 80% IR which will provide 20% IR. When comparing the water productivity of two wheat varieties in study, it becomes clear that ʻSakha 94ʼ was superior to ʻSakha 93ʼ when adding the same amount of irrigation water, and this resulted in increased wheat productivity for ʻSakha 94ʼ. The SALTMED results confirmed good accuracy (R2: 0.92 to 0.98) in simulating soil moisture, roots volume, water application efficiency, dry matter, and grain yield for two varieties of wheat under deficit irrigation conditions. Whilst using sprinkler irrigation system under sandy soils in Egypt.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 49; 129-138
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja systemu informatycznego wspomagającego analizę wydajności pracy w kopalni węgla kamiennego
The concept of a computer system supporting the analysis of work productivity in a colliery
Autorzy:
Gumiński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/322018.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
wydajność pracy
model systemu informatycznego
kopalnia węgla kamiennego
work productivity
IT system model
colliery
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu informatycznego, który umożliwiłby analizę wydajności pracy w kopalni węgla kamiennego oraz w grupie kopalń. Koncepcja systemu została oparta na modelu analizy wydajności pracy, w którym zmiany wartości określonych parametrów technicznych stanowiących zmienne decyzyjne umożliwiają ustalenie zmian wskaźnika wydajności pracy. W ramach artykułu przeprowadzono również dyskusję dotyczącą założeń do analizowanego systemu informatycznego. Zaproponowany system umożliwiłby ustalenie koniecznych działań dla poprawy wydajności pracy w pojedynczej kopalni węgla kamiennego lub w grupie kopalń.
In the paper the author presented the concept of a computer system which enables the analysis of work productivity in a colliery and a group of collieries. The concept was based on a work productivity analysis model in which the changes of values of determined technical parameters representing decision variables enable the estimation of work productivity indicator changes. In the study, the analysis of assumptions for the analysed computer system. The proposed system enables the determination of necessary actions to improve work productivity in a colliery or in a group of collieries.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2018, 121; 151-163
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie rozwoju ekonomicznego krajów UE na podstawie grawitacyjnego modelu wzrostu
Diversification of economic development of EU countries on the basis of gravity growth model
Autorzy:
Wisła, Rafał
Filipowicz, Katarzyna
Tokarski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/543711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-07-28
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
zróżnicowanie rozwoju
grawitacyjny model wzrostu
wydajność pracy
development diversification
gravity growth model
labour productivity
Opis:
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie zróżnicowania rozwoju ekonomicznego krajów Unii Europejskiej (UE) w latach 2000—2015 oraz symulacje zmian wydajności pracy w perspektywie do 2050 r. W badaniu wykorzystano dwa agregaty makroekonomiczne opisujące dynamikę procesów rozwojowych, tj. wydajność pracy oraz kapitał rzeczowy przypadający na pracującego w powiązaniu z tzw. efektami grawitacyjnymi. Oparto się na danych Europejskiej Komisji Gospodarczej (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe — UNECE). Wyniki skłaniają do sformułowania dwóch kluczowych wniosków. Po pierwsze, przy założeniu utrzymania średniej krajowej stopy inwestycji z okresów 2000—2015, 2000—2008 i 2009—2015 w perspektywie do 2050 r. najsilniejszą średnioroczną dynamikę zmian wydajności pracy obserwuje się w krajach zaliczanych do grupy postkomunistycznej. Po drugie, przyjęcie dla okresu 2016— —2050 średniej stopy inwestycji dla gospodarki UE z okresów 2000—2015, 2000—2008 i 2009—2015 skłania do przypuszczenia, że w 2050 r. wydajność pracy trzech dużych grup krajów objętych analizą (UE-28, UE-15 i kraje postkomunistyczne) będzie się kształtować na bardzo podobnym poziomie.
The aim of the article is to present the differentiation of economic development of the European Union countries in the years 2000—2015 and to simulate changes in labour productivity in the perspective of 2050. Two macroeconomic aggregates describing dynamics of development processes, i.e. labour productivity and capital-labour ratio, connected with the so-called gravity effects were used in the research. It was based on data from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The results lead to the formulation of two key conclusions. Firstly, assuming that the average investment rate from 2000—2015, 2000—2008 and 2009— —2015 is maintained in the perspective until 2050, the strongest annual average dynamics of labour productivity changes is observed in the countries belonging to the post-communist group. Secondly, the adoption, for the 2016—2050 period, of the average investment rate for the entire EU economy for 2000— —2015, 2000—2008 and 2009—2015, will lead to the assumption that in 2050 the productivity of large groups of analysed countries will be shaped at a very similar level.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician; 2018, 63, 7; 37-55
0043-518X
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Space-time quantification of aboveground net primary productivity service supply capacity in high Andean bofedales using remote sensors
Autorzy:
Cano, Deyvis
Crispin, Astrid
Custodio, María
Chanamé, Fernán
Peñaloza, Richard
Pizarro, Samuel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
aboveground net primary productivity
ANPP
bofedales
ecosystem services
high Andean wetlands
MODIS
Monteith model
productivity
remote sensing
supply capacity
Opis:
The aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of bofedales is one of the most important indicators for the provision of ecosystem services in the high Andean areas. In the case of bofedales, the evaluation of the ANPP supply capacity as a service on a spatial and temporal scale through remote sensing has been little addressed. The capacity, intra and interannual, to provide the ANPP of the high Andean wetlands was quantified at a spatial and temporal level through remote sensing. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the MODIS sensor was used according to the Monteith model (1972), product of the incident photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of the absorbed radiation, and the efficiency of using the radiation of the calibrated vegetation with dry matter sampling in the field. Results show an ANPP prediction R 2 of 0.52 (p < 0.05), with no significant spatial difference between field samples. When applying the model, the intra-annual temporary ANPP supply capacity presents a maximum average of 160.54 kg DM·ha -1·month -1 in the rainy season (December-May) and a maximum average of 81.17 kg DM·ha -1·month in the dry season (June-October). In 2003-2020, the interannual temporary capacity presented values of 1100-1700 kg DM·ha -1·year -1. This makes it possible not to affect the sustainability of the wetlands and prevent their depletion and degradation. Understanding the ANPP supply capacity of bofedales can favour the efficient use of the resource and indirectly benefit its conservation.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 56; 172--181
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic site index model and trends in changes of site productivity for Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. in southern Poland
Autorzy:
Socha, Jarosław
Ochał, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
height growth model
height-age relationship
forest site
evaluating site productivity
alder
Opis:
Black alder is naturally widespread across all of Europe and has an increasing importance for forest ecosystems. Thanks to the considerable tolerance to adverse climatic and edaphic environmental conditions black alder is important both in open landscapes and can also be involved in the rehabilitation of disturbed soils. Assessment of site productivity is essential for providing a frame of reference for silvicultural diagnosis and prescription in order to ensure the sustainability of existing and newly established ecosystems. The most accepted method of evaluating site productivity is the site index (SI). The aim of the presented research was to develop the SI model for black alder in southern Poland. The developed SI model was used as a tool in order to test the research hypothesis assuming the increase in site productivity for black alder in southern Poland. The research material for development of SI model were stem analysis data from 180 research plots. Both, the local model parameter, which was estimated individually for every tree, and the other parameters estimated globally for the whole data set were estimated simultaneously. Changes in site productivity were analyzed on research plots and a set of 12,974 stands from the forest inventory database. Site indices calculated using the developed model are negatively correlated with age/ positively correlated with establishment year of the stands. This confirms the existence of the phenomenon of increasing site productivity for black alder. During the last century site productivity measured with site index increased on average 5 m. Therefore, black alder that belongs to the fast-growing tree species should be considered of the increasing importance for forest management.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2017, 77; 45-57
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Management of technological process optimisation
Autorzy:
Lypchuk, Vasyl
Dmytriv, Vasyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
workload factor
process productivity
analytical model
duration of operations
amount of equipment
współczynnik obciążenia pracą
produktywność procesu
model analityczny
Opis:
The research aims to characterise the optimisation of a technological process depending on the main time parameters for production. The optimisation does not require to correct technical parameters of a system, but rather the organisational and managerial factors of the technological process. The workload is taken as an evaluation criterion, which factors in the probability distribution of time characteristics of computer process operations. Time characteristics that represent the performance of an operation influence the workloads of an operator and equipment, determining the productivity of the technological process. Analytical models were developed for the operational control of a production line efficiency considering the probability–statistical parameters pertaining to the performance of operations and technological equipment peculiarities. The article presents research results, which characterise the dependence of a production line efficiency on the type of equipment, and the duration of preparatory and final operations considering their probability. Under an optimal workload of the operator, the duration of the complete program changes linearly, regardless of the time required for the performance of operations by a computer without the involvement of the operator, and depending on the type of equipment. A managerial decision can be optimal under the condition that the factor of technological process efficiency (K_TP) tends to max. The developed method of analytical determination can be used to calculate the workload of both an operator and technological equipment. The calculations of the duration of a production line operation resulted in the methodology for the consideration of probability characteristics pertaining to the time distribution of the period required to perform operations, which influences the unequal efficiency of the production line. The probabilistic character of time distribution related to intervals of performed operations serves as a parameter in the management of technological process optimisation, which can be achieved using simulators of technological processes optimised in terms of their efficiency.
Źródło:
Engineering Management in Production and Services; 2020, 12, 3; 103--115
2543-6597
2543-912X
Pojawia się w:
Engineering Management in Production and Services
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agricultural models in EU FADN regions and changes in farm productivity and incomes
Autorzy:
Kryszak, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
agriculture
agricultural model
European Union
FADN system
region
change
farm
productivity
income
Malmquist index
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2018, 50, 4
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Econometric analysis of SMEs in Eurozone
Autorzy:
Stoklasová, Radmila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1202454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Error correction model
expenditure on R&D
Granger causality
labour productivity
regression analysis
small and medium-size enterprises solow model
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between labour productivity (LP) and government spending on research and development (R&D) in the Euro zone. In particular, its purpose is to investigate this relationship in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). By utilizing causality tests and error correction models, the results suggest that support of research and development is the cause of labour productivity growth in the long-term period. However, for the short-term period changes in labour productivity precede changes in government spending on research and development. Based on the findings, the study has several theoretical and practical implications. The data sources were the Eurostat database. The data used have the character of annual time series in the period between 2004 and 2015. GRETL software was used for the calculations.
Źródło:
Forum Scientiae Oeconomia; 2018, Volume 6 (2018) Issue No. 1: Competitiveness of the modern organization: human, ethical and innovative aspects; 19-30
2300-5947
Pojawia się w:
Forum Scientiae Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GDP and TFP in Poviats of the Łódzkie Voivodeship. Estimation and Analysis of Differentiation
PKB i TFP w powiatach województwa łódzkiego. Oszacowanie i ocena zróżnicowania
Autorzy:
Dańska-Borsiak, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2045980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
total factor productivity (TFP)
GDP
poviat
spatial panel data model
łączna produktywność czynników produkcji (TFP)
PKB
powiat
przestrzenny model danych panelowych
Opis:
The main objective of the research was to estimate the level of GDP and total factor productivity (TFP) in the counties ('poviats') of the Łódzkie voivodeship in the period 2002-2019. The gross product in poviats was determined by disaggregating the GDP of the Łódzkie voivodeship in proportion to the revenues of poviat budgets from personal income tax PIT and to the shares of poviats in the voivodeship wage fund. TFP was determined on the basis of a labour productivity model derived from the Cobb-Douglas production function with the assumption of constant returns to scale. A spatial panel data model estimated by the maximum likelihood method was applied. The poviat of Łódź was identified as the upper outlier in terms of the level of gross product. The dynamics of poviat values of GDP was similar to the national one, but poviats with a much faster rate of growth were identified. The highest level of TFP was observed in the poviat of Łódź. Very high productivity was also characteristic for the two other cities with poviat status, especially Skierniewice. In the Łódzkie voivodeship there was a progressive polarisation in terms of TFP with two leading poviats. No spillover processes were found. The capital city of the voivodeship, being itself the upper outlier, therefore did not play the role of a growth centre. It was also found that a clearly defined profile of economic activity in the poviat is conducive to faster TFP growth.
Zasadniczym celem badań było oszacowanie poziomu PKB i łącznej produktywności czynników produkcji (TFP) w powiatach województwa łódzkiego w latach 2002-2019. PKB oszacowano, dezagregując PKB województwa proporcjonalnie do dochodów podatkowych powiatów oraz do ich udziałów w wojewódzkim funduszu płac. TFP wyznaczono na podstawie modelu produktywności pracy wynikającego z funkcji produkcji Cobba-Douglasa z założeniem stałych efektów skali. Zastosowano panelowy model przestrzenny estymowany Metodą Największej Wiarygodności. Powiat miasto Łódź zidentyfikowano jako region o zdecydowanie najwyższym poziomie wytworzonej produkcji. Dynamika powiatowych wartości PKB była zbliżona do ogólnokrajowej, ale wskazano powiaty o znacznie szybszym tempie wzrostu. Najwyższym poziomem TFP charakteryzował się powiat m. Łódź. Bardzo wysoka produktywność charakteryzowała też dwa inne powiaty grodzkie, zwłaszcza Skierniewice. W badanym okresie rosła polaryzacja powiatów ze względu na poziom TFP oraz nie występowały zależności przestrzenne. Stolica województwa, będąca upper outlier, nie pełniła więc funkcji ośrodka wzrostu. Stwierdzono również szybszy wzrost TFP w powiatach o wyraźniej określonym profilu działalności gospodarczej.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2022, 1; 14-30
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Starzenie się ludności a redystrybucja dochodów
Population ageing and income redistribution
Autorzy:
Ochocki, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
pracujący
emeryci
wynagrodzenia
emerytury
PKB
model międzypokoleniowej redystrybucji dochodów
produktywność
employed persons
pensioners
remunerations
pensions
gdp
productivity
intergenerational income transfer model
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie makroekonomicznych uwarunkowań dynamiki wynagrodzeń i emerytur w Polsce w latach 2010–2017 wraz z prognozą studialną do 2025 r. Źródłem danych są rachunki narodowe, statystyka ludności, statystyka świadczeń emerytalnych i prognoza demograficzna Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego na lata 2008– 2035. Demograficzne starzenie się społeczeństwa powoduje narastanie problemu podziału bieżącego strumienia dóbr i usług wytwarzanych w procesie gospodarczym. Możliwości w tym zakresie są zdeterminowane relacjami dynamiki liczebności pracujących i emerytów oraz dynamiki wolumenu dochodu narodowego. Wynikające stąd zależności można opisać za pomocą autorskiego modelu międzypokoleniowej redystrybucji dochodów (MMRD). Tendencje obserwowane w Polsce dowiodły, że dynamika wzrostu wolumenu PKB w badanym okresie zapewniała makroekonomiczny warunek równowagi w procesie kształtowania się wynagrodzeń i emerytur – wzrost PKB był większy niż wynagrodzeń i emerytur. Wykonane szacunki wskazują zarazem na konieczność utrzymania wysokiego tempa wzrostu PKB i produktywności na poziomie ok. 3,6% rocznie, co oznacza wzrost wolumenu PKB o ponad 40% w 2025 r. w porównaniu z rokiem 2015. Przedstawiony model międzypokoleniowej redystrybucji dochodów pozwolił także wskazać sedno problemu publicznych transferów międzypokoleniowych, które w państwie traktowanym jako dobro wspólne należy pojmować jako wierzytelności emerytów, a ich spłacanie powinno zapewniać godziwy poziom życia ludziom starszym.
The aim of the paper is to identify the macroeconomic conditions which determined the dynamics of remuneration and pension growth in Poland in 2010–2017, along with presenting the study forecast until 2025. The research was based on the data from the national accounts, population statistics, statistics of retirement benefits and Statistics Poland’s demographic forecast for 2008–2035. The ageing of a population aggravates the problem of fair distribution of the current stream of goods and services produced in the economic process. Distribution options are determined by the relations between the ratio of employed persons to pensioners and the volume of national income. The resulting dependencies can be described using the author’s original Intergenerational Income Transfer Model (IITM). The observation of tendencies in Poland demonstrated that the pace of GDP growth between 2010–2017 ensured the macroeconomic balance essential in the process of shaping remunerations and pensions – GDP was growing faster than remunerations and pensions. This indicates the necessity of maintaining a high rate of GDP growth and productivity, at around 3.6% a year, which means that GDP will need to have grown by over 40% by 2025 compared to 2015. With the help of the IITM, it was also possible to identify the main difficulty facing the system of public intergenerational transfers, which, in a state perceived as a common good, should be understood as pensioners’ liabilities whose repayment guarantees a decent standard of living for the elderly.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician; 2019, 64, 10; 53-62
0043-518X
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 31

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