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Tytuł:
Distribution of Word Classes in Old English and Old High German: A Preliminary Contrastive Study Based on<i>The Battle of Maldon, Hildebrandslied</i>and<i>Ludwigslied</i>
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
word classes distribution
Old English
Old High German
West-Germanic
contrastive analysis
distribution of pronouns
distribution of prepositions
subject omission
inflectional vs. analytic
Opis:
This paper presents an example of a historical study based on comparable corpora. It aims to analyse and compare the distribution of different parts of speech in Old English and Old High German, thus providing a quantitative basis for further conclusions concerning different patterns of the development of those two West-Germanic languages. A particular attention has been devoted to the frequencies of prepositions and pronouns, as there are considerable differences between the languages in this respect. In addition, the article is a an attempt to show the importance and relevance of computational data for contrastive historical linguistics and their role in supporting or disproving traditional theories.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2007, 5; 135-146
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Łacińskie prope – jaka to część mowy?
The Latin Prope – What Part of Speech Is It?
Autorzy:
Górska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1944393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
części mowy
klasy gramatyczne leksemów
leksemy nieodmienne
przysłówki
partykuły
przyimki
parts of speech
grammatical classes of lexemes
indeclinable lexemes adverbs
particles
prepositions
Opis:
This paper seeks to revise the description of grammatical properties of the Latin lexeme prope, which are basic to include it in respective classes of words (parts of speech). The change proposed here amounts to saying that beyond the entry prope there are two parts of speech, but they are not adverb and preposition, but adverb and particle. The particle is prope in the sense of almost, nearly – then it occurs in the positive degree, does not manifest rection, is part of syntactic relations with various arts of speech. In the remaining cases prope, most generally it means near (someone/something), is a gradable adverb that govern an obligatory point of reference (in the form of accusative, dative or prepositional phrase a [ab] with ablative). This may, however, give in to a context ellipsis when the recipient has an opportunity to reliably reconstruct it.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2009, 57, 3; 131-145
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A conceptual approach towards the use of prepositional phrases in Norwegian – the case of 'i' and 'på'
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Oliwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
locative prepositions
conceptual transfer
i
på
Opis:
The paper gives an insight into how Polish learners of Norwegian distribute locative prepositions i and på (in and on) in the most basic spatial contexts. The project is set within SLA studies with cognitive theories and conceptual transfer theory as a key-stone. The data which has been analysed is elicited from four main sources. The two most vital ones are based on ASK-corpus (AndreSpråksKorpus) with the total of 800 informants, and a fill-in-the-gaps survey with 90 participants. The overall aim of the project was to discover patterns native speakers of Norwegian use for distributing i and på. Based on this knowledge, I pinpointed potential mistake domains which could motivate conceptual forward transfer for the Polish learners. Thereafter, Polish informants' performance in L2 was analysed with respect to transfer. I propose  four potential transfer domains, i.e. different conceptualization of some objects and places, marking abstract and concrete contexts, marking of dynamic situations and lexicon shortages combined with language diversity of Norwegian, which should be taken into consideration when acquiring Norwegian.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2010, 11; 173-183
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytic tendencies in modern Polish and Russian
Autorzy:
Sosnowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677018.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
analytical tendencies
analitism
prepositional unit
secondary prepositions
noun-based
adverb-based and participle-based preposition
Opis:
Analytic tendencies in modern Polish and RussianModern Polish and Russian are characterized by some features which demonstrate an increasing level of analitism. In the process of transformation from synthetic to analytical language, a crucial role is played by prepositional units. In this research, analitism is understood in a traditional way as a morphological and syntactic phenomenon. The fact that the synthetic structure of a language may, in some conditions, turn into an analytical one, as happened in the case of Bulgarian and Macedonian, has been intriguing linguists ever since, and has made me attempt to answer the question: What is the condition of modern Polish and Russian, which are languages with a rich literary tradition and solid grammatical norms, which belong to a group of synthetic languages? The analytical tendencies in morphology include the following: a decrease in the number of cases in all inflected parts of speech; a more frequent use of uninflected nouns and adjectives; the growing importance of nouns with common gender, and, in particular, the use of forms of masculine gender to depict feminine gender; differences in expressing collectiveness in a group of nouns (using collective meaning for forms that have singular meaning; substituting case forms with prepositions; substituting case forms with subordinate clauses; substituting case forms with “helper” words. Analytical tendencies in the area of numeral functioning include: substituting inflected forms of ordinal numerals with cardinal ones; the gradual disappearing inflection of numerals; confusing the forms of noun cases after numerals; the disappearing declination of collective numerals; displacing other cases with so-called simple cases; changing the syntactical position which the numeral should be inflected in; abandoning the declination of first elements of collective numerals. During the study of analytic tendencies in morphology, it was necessary to examine personal pronouns as this part of speech seems to be the most stable as far as other forms except nominative are concerned. Having analysed the material, it can be claimed that analitism in Slavic pronouns is observed at the level of the replacement of short forms with full ones, through the use of various forms after prepositions and eliminating all the alternative forms of personal pronouns. This review of analytic tendencies has also involved studying the article and its role in analytic languages, as the article is the area of a language which should be filled while the inflection disappears. Having analysed the material, I have concluded that there is a possibility that the article may appear in Polish and Russian.The most important part of speech in analytic languages is the preposition. An increase in the number of prepositional units is said to be an essential element of syntactic transformation in 20th century Polish and Russian i.e. their ongoing transformation from synthetic into analytic languages. In accordance with this tendency, secondary prepositions are gradually replacing proper prepositions and case forms in their traditional usage. The secondary preposition has been defined as a lexical unit, not being a preposition initially but used secondarily in this function. Such a definition requires adopting a functional perspective in the description, more so because the transformation of various language units (nouns, prepositional phrases, adverbs, conjunction, phraseological nexuses) into prepositions takes place gradually and the same set can be interpreted otherwise in different contexts. This comprehensive analysis of two modern Slavonic languages shows that the number of prepositional units in both languages has grown and is still increasing.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2011, 11
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish and English Locative Expressions: An Overview
Autorzy:
Łozińska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
space conceptualization
prepositions
directional nouns
verbal prefixes
Opis:
The aim of the article is to outline the main differences and similarities in the ways spatial relations are expressed by means of prepositions in English and in Polish. The discussion starts with classifying the two languages within the same system of space conceptualization. Then, a description of prepositions is presented. The article concludes with the comparison of the dynamic aspects of the Polish prepositions do ‘to’, ‘into’, w ‘in’, ‘into’ and na ‘on’, ‘onto’ and their English equivalents to, in and on. Next, the main emphasis will be put on the way space is structured in Polish by means of other spatial terms, which include prefixes to the verbs, direction nouns and noun cases.
Źródło:
Acta Neophilologica; 2013, XV/2; 53-61
1509-1619
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neophilologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insegnamento delle preposizioni in, su, a a discenti di madrelingua polacca (livelli C1 e C2) – uno studio cognitivo
Autorzy:
Malinowska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/638231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Cognitive semantics, prepositions, explicit grammar, implicit grammar, image schemas, motivation in language
Opis:
Prepositions are highly polysemous items and for this reason they appear in various semantic and syntactic contexts. As a result, they are very difficult in the process of teaching and learning a foreign language. It is important to know that even very advanced learners of Italian make preposition mistakes (Bagna 2003). Because of this, formal teaching of grammar and explicit correction has been focused on in the present research. The inclusion of explicit grammar teaching (Benucci 1994; Freddi 1999; Balboni 1994, 2012; Bettoni 2009) seems to be essential at advanced levels like C1 and C2 since such levels of proficiency are required for future translators and teachers of Italian as a FL. In this research, Cognitive semantics methodology has been adopted according to the findings by Johnson (1987, 2005) and Lakoff (1987) and Dodge, Lakoff (2005). Image schemas (an inherent part of the methodology) give image schematic answers to the way in which prepositional phrases meaning is built into language. The container schema allows for the interpretation of the unit in, the support and contiguity schema is a tool for interpreting the unit su and the preposition a is modelled by a path schema which highlights a static landmark deprived of shape when the trajector is only localized or an endpoint landmark deprived of shape as well. The same image schemas (seem to be universal perceptive tools valid also in language) provide a basic structure for the Polish equivalents such as: w + loc, na + loc, na + acc, do + gen. Obviously the same conceptualizations in both languages are not frequent. Prepositional landmarks, in fact, reflect different spatial categorizations. The non correspondence of prepositional units in both languages do not mean that the prepositional use is completely unmotivated. This seems motivated with the salience of a particular image schema in a given context. Such clues may result very useful in the process of teaching/learning Italian to Polish speakers as they could sensibilize students to image schematic principles that underlie the semantic interpretation of prepositional units.
Źródło:
Romanica Cracoviensia; 2014, 14, 2
2084-3917
Pojawia się w:
Romanica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Экспликация пространственных предлогов в словарной статье толкового словаря
Explication of prepositions of spacein explanatory dictionary entry
Autorzy:
Цой (Tsoi), Александр (Aleksandr)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
theory of lexicography
spatial prepositions
ways of codification
Opis:
The objective of the given article is development of the relevant concept of spatial semantics of the prepositions, which is a topical task of lexicography. In our opinion, it is essential to add to the structure of a preposition dictionary entry the following elements: firstly, a graphic explanation of meaning; secondly, presentation of spatial relationships; thirdly, a choice of descriptive interpretation; fourthly, the reflection of syntagmatic and paradigmatic links.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica; 2013, 09; 117-126
1731-8025
2353-9623
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Надградени показатели на динамичните просторни релации во македонскиот јазик (во балкански контекст)
Autorzy:
Марковиќ [Markovikj], Марјан [Marjan]
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Macedonian language
prepositions
spatial relations
Opis:
Dominant exponents of dynamic spatial relations in the Macedonian language (in a Balkan context)In the Macedonian language, 'doubling' of prepositions is well documented in grammars and monographs, but now we can witness increased use of prepositional sequences both in the modern Macedonian standard and in dialects. The need for more precise spatial determination became necessary, and this is precisely where the role of the (secondary) complex prepositions are used: nasred, nakaj, dokaj, otkaj, etc. However, Macedonian has so-called double prepositions (prepositional sequences), whose main function is more precise spatial determination (od pred, od zad, od pod, do pred, za pred, za vo, za na, etc.). The first preposition in those sequences becomes the dominant exponent of dynamic spatial relation (ablative or adlative) while the second preposition becomes part of the prepositional phrase – the localizer.The high frequency of prepositional sequences is common not only in modern Macedonian but also exists in western peripheral dialects which have had closer contacts within the Balkan linguistic environment.It can be concluded that the balkanised structure of Macedonian language allows certain Balkan tendencies to expand and evolve in some new directions and still retain the primary goal – more transparent and clearer communication among the speakers of the language. Nadrzędne wykładniki dynamicznych relacji przestrzennych w języku macedońskim (w kontekście bałkańskim)Występowanie podwójnych przyimków w języku macedońskim jest dobrze udokumentowane, tak w gramatykach, jak i w odrębnych monografiach. Teraz jednak jesteśmy świadkami niebywałego wzrostu liczby takich konstrukcji we współczesnym macedońskim standardzie oraz w dialektach macedońskich. Powstaje w związku z tym potrzeba bardziej precyzyjnego zdefiniowania relacji przestrzennych, i w tym właśnie punkcie rola (sekundarnych) złożonych przyimków typu: nasred, nakaj, dokaj, otkaj itp. okazuje się przydatna. Jednakże w macedońskim występują również podwójne przyimki (sekwencje przyimków), których główną funkcją jest bardziej precyzyjne nazwanie relacji przestrzennej (od pred, od zad, od pod, do pred, za pred, za vo, za na itp.). Pierwszy przyimek sekwencji jest dominującym wykładnikiem dynamicznej przestrzennej relacji (ablatywnej lub adlatywnej), podczas gdy drugi przyimek stanowi część wyrażenia przyimkowego – lokalizatora.Wysoka frekwencja sekwencji przyimkowych jest cechą nie tylko współczesnego języka macedońskiego, lecz także peryferyjnych zachodnich dialektów, które znajdują się w ścisłym kontakcie z innymi bałkańskimi językami.Można zatem zakładać, że silnie zbałkanizowana struktura języka macedońskiego otwiera się na ekspansję niektórych bałkańskich tendencji i ewoluuje w kierunku bardziej precyzyjnego, dosłownego przekazywania treści.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2015, 15
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
English language and research: the most common traps
Język angielski i badania naukowe: najczęstsze pułapki
Autorzy:
Wasilewski, Weronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963806.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu
Tematy:
culture
english as a second language
grammar mistakes
articles
prepositions
verb conjugations
countable nouns
transitional phrases
kultura
angielski jako język obcy
błędy gramatyczne
artykuły naukowe
przyimki
koniugacje
rzeczowniki policzalne
frazy przechodnie
Opis:
English is commonly referred to as a “universal” language. Many people decide to study the language for a variety of reasons – to learn about a culture, to have a method of intercultural communication, to find a job, etc. In Poland specifically, students learn grammar and the theory of learning a language over the actual practice. As a result, common grammar mistakes occur throughout their learning process. This paper presents a list of these common grammar mistakes that English learners make. It also includes tips on how to improve one’s grammar and what to pay attention to.
O angielskim często się mówi, że jest językiem „uniwersalnym”. Wiele osób decyduje się studiować go z różnych przyczyn: by poznać kulturę krajów anglojęzycznych, zdobyć narzędzie do komunikacji międzykulturowej, znaleźć pracę itd. W Polsce, studenci poznają gramatykę oraz teorię uczenia się języka obcego równolegle z praktyczną nauką angielskiego. W rezultacie częste błędy gramatyczne towarzyszą im przez cały proces nauki. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia listę błędów gramatycznych popełnianych często przez osoby uczące się angielskiego oraz porady, jak poprawić swoją gramatykę i na co zwracać uwagę.
Źródło:
Medical Science Pulse; 2017, 11, 1
2544-1558
2544-1620
Pojawia się w:
Medical Science Pulse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adverbialisierte Präpositionalphrasen als Grenzbereich von Grammatik und Phraseologie am Beispiel des Polnischen und des Deutschen
Adverbialized prepositional phrases at the interface between grammar and phraseology on the example of Polish and German
Autorzy:
Schatte, Czesława
Schatte, Christoph
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1291382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Adverb
Präpositionalphrase
Lexikalisierung
Adverbialisierung
Idiomatisierung
Phraseologie
adverb
prepositions phrase
lexicalization
adverbialization
idiomatization
phraseology
Opis:
Zahlreiche in adverbialer Funktion verwendete polnische und deutsche Präpositionalphrasen lassen sich nicht frei bilden, sondern sind Resultat der Adverbialisierung bzw. sogar Idiomatisierung und entziehen sich somit oft einer strikte grammatischen Erklärung. Der Beitrag versucht solche Bildungen nach ihrer Form, Bedeutung und Funktion zu beschreiben.
The paper deals with Polish and German prepositional phrases used in adverbial function. Such phrases cannot be freely formed, but are the result of adverbialization or even idiomatization and therefore often elude a strict grammatical explanation. The aim of the article is to investigate the form, meaning and function of such phrases.
Źródło:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia; 2018, 39; 229-244
1230-6045
Pojawia się w:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Il caos preposizionale: analisi dell’errore e didattica
Prepositional Chaos: Error Analysis and Learning Strategies
Autorzy:
Citraro, Cinzia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Italian
prepositions
error analysis
polysemy
lexicography
italiano
preposizioni
analisi dell’errore
polisemia
lessicografia
Opis:
The use of prepositions is difficult to learn. To examine this fact, mistakes in the usage of prepositions were collected from 108 assignments completed by Italian secondary-school students. In this article, these errors are listed and several causes for them have been hypothesised: mistakes due to dialectal interference (type 1; a, b); errors in polyrhematic units (type 2; c, d, e); mistakes due to paradigmatic interference (type 3; f, g, h, i, l); errors due to loss of syntactic orientation (type 4; m, n, o). Following this, teaching strategies based on mistakes are proposed. Finally, an in-depth review of recent grammars and dictionaries is carried out in order to verify how the sections related to prepositions are structured and if the new cognitivist models have been accepted within these didactic instruments.
L’apprendimento degli usi delle preposizioni rappresenta una crux della didattica. Sono stati raccolti gli errori negli usi preposizionali presenti in 108 elaborati prodotti da studenti italiani della scuola secondaria superiore. Gli errori sono stati poi suddivisi e ne sono state ipotizzate le cause: errori dovuti a interferenza dialettale (tipo 1; a, b); errori in espressioni polirematiche (tipo 2; c, d); errori dovuti a interferenza paradigmatica (tipo 3; f, g, h, i, l); errori dovuti alla perdita di orientamento sintattico nel testo (tipo 4; m, n, o, p). Sono state poi suggerite alcune strategie didattiche differenziate in base alle tipologie di errore individuate. Si è infine proceduto a uno spoglio di alcune grammatiche e di alcuni dizionari di nuova generazione al fine di verificare in quale modo siano strutturate le parti relative alle preposizioni e se i nuovi modelli di matrice cognitivista siano stati recepiti all’interno di questi strumenti per la didattica.
Źródło:
Italica Wratislaviensia; 2018, 9.2; 81-92
2084-4514
Pojawia się w:
Italica Wratislaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka uwag o rozwoju wtórnych przyimków przestrzennych
Autorzy:
Janowska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
secondary prepositions
spatial relations
history of the Polish language
language evolution
Opis:
Some remarks about the development of secondary spatial prepositionsThe literature devoted to spatial prepositions is quite abundant. The present article constitutes a recapitulation of the historical research which has heretofore been done on the subject. It is also an attempt at presenting the general characteristics of the evolution undergone by the class of units being described. This class is treated here in a broad manner, taking into account also equivalence. Spatial prepositions are the oldest layer of secondary forms and as far as many aspects are concerned, they constitute a very peculiar group. The attention of the scholar is drawn to lexemes such as blisko [close to, near] and the complex prepositions such as zza, poza, spoza [from behind, beyond, from beyond], which emerged quite late. Properties which are important for the evolution of the prepositions in question also include the considerable number of their variants. The direction of their evolution is quite clear also as far as their functions are concerned. The Polish language inherited from the Proto-Slavonic language precise distinctions of proximity, in contradistinction to the ablative content or expressions of considerable distances, which are indicated in a relatively general manner. The development of secondary prepositions emphasizes these properties of spatial description even further. As years went by, the disproportion between the indications of approaching and departing, of being near and being far away, did not diminish. On the contrary, it increased. The peculiarity of secondary prepositions is determined by their relationship with other classes of words that also describe spatial relations. Without doubt, this mutual relationship, which determines the evolution in spatial description, requires in-depth research. Kilka uwag o rozwoju wtórnych przyimków przestrzennychLiteratura poświęcona przyimkom przestrzennym jest dość bogata. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi podsumowanie dotychczasowych badań historycznych i jednocześnie próbę ogólnej charakterystyki ewolucji omawianej klasy jednostek. Klasa ta traktowana jest tu szeroko, również z uwzględnieniem ekwiwalencji. Przyimki przestrzenne stanowią najstarszą warstwę form wtórnych i tworzą grupę pod wieloma względami specyficzną. Zwracają uwagę leksemy typu blisko oraz dość późno utworzone przyimki złożone typu zza, poza, spoza. Do cech ważnych dla ewolucji omawianych przyimków zalicza się również znaczną wariantywność. Kierunek ich ewolucji jest dość wyrazisty także pod względem pełnionych funkcji. Polszczyzna odziedziczyła po prasłowiańszczyźnie szczegółowe wyróżnianie relacji bliskości w odróżnieniu od dość ogólnie wskazywanych treści ablatywnych czy określeń znacznych odległości. Rozwój przyimków wtórnych te cechy opisu przestrzennego jeszcze mocniej uwypukla. Dysproporcja między wskazaniem zbliżanie–oddalanie, blisko–daleko z biegiem lat nie zmniejsza się, a wręcz przeciwnie – rośnie. O swoistości przyimków wtórnych decyduje związek z wieloma innymi klasami wyrazów – wyznacznikami relacji przestrzennych. Ta wzajemna zależność, wyznaczająca ewolucję w opisie przestrzennym, niewątpliwie wymaga gruntownych badań.
Źródło:
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej; 2018, 53
2392-2435
0081-7090
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La didattica delle preposizioni in italiano L2: un approccio semantico-cognitivo
Teaching Italian Prepositions to Foreigners: a Semantic-Cognitive Approach
Autorzy:
Tucci, Ida
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
cognition
semantics
teaching
prepositions
translation
cognizione
semantica
didattica
preposizioni
traduzione
Opis:
This paper presents a series of reflections aimed at simplifying and rationalising the teaching of Italian prepositions in plurilingual learning classes, with particular attention paid to how to classify prepositions and what the best strategy is to introduce them. Generally, Italian L2 books present prepositions in a disordered manner, spread over numerous units. Especially in monographs, prepositions are described within more organic categories; nevertheless, this setting exhausts its explanatory aims by matching the various cases to specific nomenclatures, similar to those used by logical analysis, and mostly exemplified by fictitious examples. We noticed that this strategy disorients the learner, who often fails to fully understand the meanings associated with the various Italian prepositions and opts for mnemonic learning. The danger is also that the student more willingly entrusts the translation of certain meanings from L1 to L2, resulting in fossilisations that are difficult to “correct.” In the preparation of the didactic materials designed for students enrolled in the Centro di Cultura per Stranieri–University of Florence, Italian prepositions have been grouped into four macro-categories, which, from the semantic-cognitive point of view, have intrinsic affinities in many spoken languages, although they do not fall under the same grammatical nomenclature. In this way, the learner is given the opportunity to actively participate in the formation of an L2 competence and to consider the differences and similarities in L1.
Il contributo presenta una serie di riflessioni volte a semplificare e a razionalizzare la didattica delle preposizioni italiane in classi di apprendenti plurilingue, con particolare attenzione alla questione della classificazione e del metodo con cui introdurle. Generalmente nei manuali di italiano L2 le preposizioni vengono presentate in modo disordinato e “sparso” nelle varie unità, o, specialmente in monografie dedicate, sono organizzate e descritte entro categorie più organiche, le quali però esauriscono la portata esplicativa facendo corrispondere ai vari ‘casi’ nomenclature simili a quelle dei complementi dell’analisi logica, corredate da esempi perlopiù fittizi. Abbiamo notato che impostazioni di questo tipo disorientano l’apprendente, il quale spesso rinuncia a comprendere appieno i significati associati alle varie preposizioni dell’italiano e opta per un apprendimento mnemonico. Il pericolo è anche che lo studente si affidi più volentieri alla traduzione di certi significati dalla L1 alla L2, con esiti di fossilizzazioni difficili da “correggere”. Nell’impostazione dei materiali didattici pensati per gli studenti iscritti al Centro di Cultura per Stranieri dell’Università di Firenze, le funzioni assolte dalle preposizioni sono state raggruppate in quattro macro categorie che dal punto di vista semantico-cognitivo hanno affinità intrinseche in molte lingue parlate nel mondo, pur non ricadendo sotto la medesima nomenclatura grammaticale. In questo modo all’apprendente è stata data l’opportunità di partecipare attivamente alla formazione della propria competenza in L2 e di considerare le differenze e le somiglianze con la L1.
Źródło:
Italica Wratislaviensia; 2018, 9.2; 277-303
2084-4514
Pojawia się w:
Italica Wratislaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preposizioni "a", "in", "per", "tra". L’italiano L2 di parlanti polacchi
The Prepositions "a", "in", "per", and "tra": Italian L2 of Polish Speakers
Autorzy:
Mosca, Monica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
second-language acquisition
Italian L2
Polish motion event
Italian prepositions
Polish prepositions
acquisizione della lingua seconda
italiano L2 di apprendenti polacchi
"motion event" in polacco
preposizioni italiane
preposizioni polacche
Opis:
This article deals with the learning of some spatial prepositions in Italian L2 by Polish learners. Italian and Polish differ in at least two ways, as Polish expresses syntactic relations by a full case system, while Italian relies only on prepositions. More importantly, according to Talmy’s classification, Polish is a satellite-framed language while Italian is verb-framed, but later studies have shown that these categories are not perfectly binary but fuzzy. In the learning of prepositions, three elements are in play: a natural progression from simpler to more complex prepositions; the conceptualisation of the event in which the prepositions are used to express spatial relations; and the semantic categorisation of the participants into the event, in particular the basic one, Ground. By means of different elicitation techniques (questionnaires, frog story, and written tasks), many oral and written texts have been collected from Polish learners of Italian of different levels of competence. It has been revealed that the influence of the motion-event typology affects the learning of the motion expressions in an irrelevant proportion; this is probably due to the fact that Polish, like other Slavic languages, appears to be less satellite-framed than Germanic languages, being characterised by the weak autonomy of the verbal prefixes. The inappropriate uses of prepositions confirm the natural progression of complexity, and the semantic categorisation of the Ground also exerts an influence. In any case, the interplay of these different forces gives rise to different personal idiosyncrasies.
L’articolo verte sull’apprendimento di alcune preposizioni spaziali in italiano L2 di apprendenti polacchi con diversa competenza della lingua obiettivo. Il quadro teorico adottato è quello della linguistica cognitiva e del “(re-)thinking for speaking”. Secondo alcune ricerche, la distanza tipologica tra L1 e L2 condiziona il processo di apprendimento sia a livello grammaticale sia a livello cognitivo, in quanto implica la proiezione di un sistema concettuale su un altro. Quest’aspetto produce interferenza linguistica tra la lingua sorgente e la lingua obiettivo. Italiano e polacco differiscono in almeno secondo due parametri; il polacco esprime le relazioni sintattiche con un esteso sistema di casi, mentre l’italiano dispone solo delle preposizioni. Inoltre, secondo la classificazione di Talmy, il polacco è una lingua satellite-framed mentre l’italiano è verb-framed. Studi successivi hanno, però, dimostrato che queste categorie non sono mutamente esclusive ed i confini tendono ad essere sfumati. Nell’apprendimento delle preposizioni entrano in gioco tre elementi, una progressione naturale da quelle più semplici a quelle più complesse, la concettualizzazione dell’evento in cui le preposizioni sono impiegate e la categorizzazione semantica dei partecipanti all’evento. I campioni, scritti e orali, sono stati raccolti con varie tecniche di elicitazione. L’influenza che la tipologia del “motion event” esercita sul processo di apprendimento si rivela scarsa, probabilmente perché il polacco, come altre lingue slave, appaiono meno satellite-framed delle lingue germaniche, dal momento che il preverbo è dotato di meno autonomia. L’uso di preposizioni non appropriate conferma la progressione naturale della complessità.
Źródło:
Italica Wratislaviensia; 2018, 9.2; 195-218
2084-4514
Pojawia się w:
Italica Wratislaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deutsche Präpositionen als Träger lexikalischer Informationen. Eine Segmentierung nach Kriterien lexikalischer Autonomie
German prepositions as carriers of lexical information. A segmentation based on criteria of lexical autonomy
Autorzy:
López-Campos Bodineau, Rafael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Ateneum - Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku
Tematy:
prepositions
syntax
syntactic functions
adverbial
prepositional object
präpositionen
syntaktische funktionen
adverbiale bestimmungen
präpositionalobjekt
Opis:
This article is related to the study of the semantic load of the lexical category of prepositions. German prepositions, as in most Anglo-Germanic languages, are especially productive in the framework of two very specific syntactic functions: circumstantial complement and prepositional complement. Traditionally, in the context of the first one some type of semantic load is conferred on them, especially in cases where opposition pairs are available, while in the context of the second function they usually talk about uses of a purely conventional type with little lexical motivation. Through this article the possibility of relativizing this approach will be considered, and, thus, highlighting cases of prepositions with hardly any lexical load within the framework of a function as circumstantial complement, and, in the same way cases of prepositions with some kind of semantic value in the framework of the function as a repositional complement.
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Aufladung mit semantischer Bedeutung innerhalb der lexikalischen Kategorie der Präpositionen. Präpositionen in der deutschen Sprache sind, wie in den meisten anglo-germanischen Sprachen, im Rahmen zweier sehr bestimmter Satzglieder, der adverbialen Bestimmung und dem Präpositionalobjekt, besonders produktiv. Traditionell sind diese im ersten Fall, insbesondere dann, wenn es gegensätzliche Bedeutungspaare gibt, mit einer semantischen Bedeutung aufgeladen, während sie im Rahmen des zweiten Satzgliedes normalerweise eher rein konventionell und mit spärlicher lexikalischer Motivation verwendet werden. In diesem Artikel wird eine mögliche Relativierung dieses Ansatzes geprüft werden und so die Fälle der Präpositionen mit kaum lexikalischer Bedeutung im Rahmen des Satzglieds der adverbialen Bestimmung und, gleichermaßen, die Fälle von Präpositionen mit semantischem Wert im Rahmen des Satzglieds der Präpositionalobjekte hervorgehoben.
Źródło:
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum; 2019, 7, 1; 123-141
2353-2912
2719-8537
Pojawia się w:
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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