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Tytuł:
Theoretical analysis of air-fuel mixture formation in the combustion chambers of the gas engine with two-stage combustion system
Autorzy:
Jamrozik, A.
Tutak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
two-stage combustion system
prechamber
stratified mixture
dwustopniowy system spalania
komora wstępna
mieszanina warstwowa
Opis:
The results of theoretical analysis of a mixture formation process during the compression stroke in a prechamber of the IC (internal combustion) gas engine with the stratified mixtures two-stage combustion system were presented in the paper. The course of excess air-fuel ratio changes in prechamber at ignition time λkz in function of degree of the mixture condensation during the compression stroke φ expressing quotient of a temporary cylinder and prechamber volume and maximal value of the volume were estimated. Research concerning λkz sensitivity on changes of rich combustible mixture composition delivered to the prechamber by the additional fuel supply system λko, mixture composition in cylinder _c and degree of filling a prechamber with the rich combustible mixture ξ were performed. According to numerical calculations it was proved that the real gas engine with the two stage combustion system at equal degree requires exact regulation of the three analysed values.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 4; 779-790
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical investigation of prechamber combustion in an RCEM
Autorzy:
Kotzagianni, Maria
Kyrtatos, Panagiotis
Boulouchos, Konstantinos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
scavenged prechamber
optical measurements
ignition timing
oczyszczona komora wstępna
pomiary optyczne
czas zapłonu
Opis:
In this study, detailed investigations of scavenged prechamber engine combustion are performed experimentally in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine (RCEM), which allows optical access into the main chamber. OH* chemiluminescence measurements combined with pressure measurements are used to study the effect of varying ignition timing on combustion and cycle-to-cycle variations. The variation of ignition timing (pressure at ignition) showed an optimum ignition point for a given injection duration. Earlier ignition resulted in weaker but more reactive jets, coupled to increased cyclic variations. Later ignition did not significantly affect heat release rate, but increased cyclic variation.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 10-15
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental comparison of efficiency and emission levels of four-cylinder lean-burn passenger car-sized CNG engines with different ignition concepts
Autorzy:
Soltic, Patric
Hilfiker, Thomas
Hutter, Richard
Hänggi, Severin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
dual-fuel
diesel pilot
spark ignition
prechamber
silnik dwupaliwowy
silnik Diesla
zapłon iskrowy
komora wstępna
Opis:
Today’s passenger car CNG engines are based on petrol engines which typically have restrictions preventing the exploitation of the full potential of methane based fuels, especially if they have to be operated also on petrol as a second fuel. Additionally, the use of threeway-catalysis limits the engine operation to λ = 1. Here, we present the efficiency potential and the raw emission characteristics for a dedicated four cylinder passenger car CNG engine without sticking to the usual combustion peak pressure and λ limitations. Lean combustion reduces the knocking tendency but, because of the higher pressure levels, increases the ignition energy demand. Therefore, different ignition systems (spark plug, prechamber, Diesel pilot) have been used.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 27-35
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lean-burn CNG engine with ignition chamber: from the idea to a running engine
Autorzy:
Weißner, Michael
Beger, Frank
Schüttenhelm, Martin
Tallu, Gunesh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133168.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
CNG
scavenged prechamber
lean combustion
ignition system
efficiency
oczyszczona komora wstępna
spalanie ubogie
układ zapłonowy
wydajność
Opis:
Current and further developing CO2 and emission regulations worldwide and the competition to full electric mobility deliver a challenge for internal combustion engines in general. A state of the art solution is the use of natural gas mainly contending methane to reduce CO2 significantly and to offer lowest emission levels. The EU-funded project GasOn developed engine concepts to fully exploit the advantages of CNG. This article describes the development of an innovative, monovalent engine dedicated to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and characterised by the lean burn concept and the innovative pre-chamber combustion.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 3-9
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible applications of prechambers in hydrogen internal combustion engines
Autorzy:
Matla, Jędrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
hydrogen combustion
hydrogen knock
prechamber
H2ICE
combustion engine
spalanie wodoru
stuk wodorowy
komora wstępna
silnik spalinowy
Opis:
In order to ensure better control of the combustion process in a internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen, it has been proposed to use a split combustion chamber solution. Following paper contains a description of a hydrogen combustion system that includes an analysis of possible technical solutions. The considerations take into account the issues of the dual nature of hydrogen knocking and the problem of burning a stratified charge of a hydrogen-air mixture in a cylinder.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 4; 77--82
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influences of the pre-chamber orifices on the combustion behavior in a constant volume chamber simulating pre-chamber type medium-speed gas engines
Autorzy:
Wakasugi, Takuya
Tsuru, Daisuke
Tashima, Hiroshi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
gas engine
prechamber
torch flame
combustion visualization
natural gas
silniki gazowe
komora wstępna
płomień palnika
wizualizacja spalania
gaz ziemny
Opis:
The study aims to clarify the influence of pre-chamber (PC) configurations on the combustion process in the main chamber (MC) of medium-speed spark-ignition gas engines equipped with an active PC. A constant volume combustion chamber was prepared to simulate the chamber configurations of the gas engines. A high-speed shadowgraph was applied to visualize the torch flame development and the combustion process in the MC. Experiments were done by changing the charged gas in the MC, the number, and the diameter of the PC orifices. Combustion was most accelerated when the PC orifice configuration was set appropriately so that the adjacent torch flames would combine with each other. It was also found that the unburned mixture in the PC, which ejected prior to the torch flame, supported the penetration of the torch flame.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 4; 66--76
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical study of fuel and turbulence distributions in an automotive-sized scavenged pre-chamber
Autorzy:
Bolla, Michele
Shapiro, Evgeniy
Kotzagianni, Maria
Kyrtatos, Panagiotis
Tiney, Nick
Boulouchos, Konstantinos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
scavenged prechamber
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes
RANS
large-eddy simulation
LES
mixture formation
oczyszczona komora wstępna
tworzenie mieszanki
Opis:
This article presents a numerical study of the fuel and turbulence distributions in a pre-chamber at spark-time. The study has been conducted in the framework of the H2020 Gas-On project, dealing with the development of a lean-burn concept for an automotive-sized gas engine equipped with a scavenged pre-chamber. The test case considered studies a 7-hole pre-chamber with circumferentially-tilted orifices mounted on the cylinder head of a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM), consistent with the experimental test rig installed at ETH Zurich. An accurate description of turbulence and fuel distributions are key quantities determining the early flame development within the pre-chamber. Both quantities have an influence on the overall combustion characteristics and therefore on the engine performance. For this purpose, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to complement experimental investigations in terms of data completeness. The performance of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based turbulence model is compared with large-eddy simulation (LES) through ensemble averaging of multiple LES realizations, in which the fuel injection rate evolution into the pre-chamber has been perturbed. Overall, RANS results show that the distributions of the turbulent kinetic energy and fuel concentration at spark-time agree well with the LES ensemble-averaged counterparts. This constitutes a prerequisite in view of the combustion phase and the accuracy reported provides further confidence in this regard.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 61-67
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prechamber optimal selection for a two stage turbulent jet ignition type combustion system in CNG-fuelled engine
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Bueschke, Wojciech
Skowron, Maciej
Fiedkiewicz, Łukasz
Szwajca, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
gas engine
prechamber
thermodynamic analysis
combustion
exhaust emission
optimization
silnik gazowy
komora wstępna
analiza termodynamiczna
spalanie
emisja spalin
optymizacja
Opis:
Searching for further reduction of fuel consumption simultaneously with the reduction of toxic compounds emission new systems for lean-mixture combustion for SI engines are being discussed by many manufacturers. Within the European GasOn-Project (Gas Only Internal Combustion Engines) the two-stage combustion and Turbulent Jet Ignition concept for CNG-fuelled high speed engine has been proposed and thoroughly investigated where the reduction of gas consumption and increasing of engine efficiency together with the reduction of emission, especially CO2 was expected. In the investigated cases the lean-burn combustion process was conducted with selection of the most effective pre-combustion chamber. The experimental investigations have been performed on single-cylinder AVL5804 research engine, which has been modified to SI and CNG fuelling. For the analysis of the thermodynamic, operational and emission indexes very advanced equipment has been applied. Based on the measuring results achieved for different pre-chamber configurations the extended methodology of polioptimization by pre-chamber selection and the shape of main chamber in the piston crown for proposed combustion system has been described and discussed. The results of the three versions of the optimization methods have been comparatively summarized in conclusions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 16-26
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control-oriented analysis of a lean-burn light-duty natural gas research engine with scavenged pre-chamber ignition
Autorzy:
Hänggi, Severin
Hilfiker, Thomas
Soltic, Patric
Hutter, Richard
Onder, Christopher
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
gas engine control
prechamber ignition
ignition delay control
extremum seeking
sterowanie silnikiem gazowym
zapłon komory wstępnej
kontrola opóźnienia zapłonu
poszukiwanie ekstremum
Opis:
Natural gas is well-suited as a fuel in the transport sector. Due to its excellent combustion characteristics, engines operating with compressed natural gas (CNG) reach high efficiency, especially if operated at lean conditions. However, CNG engine research mainly focusses on stoichiometric conditions in order to use a three-way catalytic converter for the exhaust gas after treatment system. With the objective to explore the potential of CNG engines operated at lean conditions, a turbo-charged CNG engine with high compression ratio is developed and optimized for lean operation. In order to increase the ignition energy, the CNG engine is equipped with scavenged pre-chambers. A specific control structure is developed, which allows to operate the engine at a pre-defined (lean) air-to-fuel ratio. Further functionalities such as the combustion placement control and algorithms to estimate the conditions inside of the prechamber are implemented. The first part of this paper describes this engine control structure, which is specifically developed for the lean-burn CNG engine. In the second part, the effects of pre-chamber scavenging on engine performance criteria such as the combustion stability, engine efficiency or engine emissions are analyzed. With the objective to use pre-chamber scavenging to improve engine performance, a scavenging feedback control strategy is proposed. In order to control the ignition delay, this strategy adapts the amount of CNG injected into the prechamber with a linear controller or an extremum seeking algorithm depending on the air-to-fuel ratio of the main chamber.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 42-53
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of indication errors of the SI gas engine with a prechamber
Analiza bledow indykowania gazowego silnika ZI z komora wstepna
Autorzy:
Jamrozik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/793719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
engine
two-stage combustion system
excess air factor
indicated work
gas engine
prechamber
thermal process
internal combustion engine
spark ignition
piston engine
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
1641-7739
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative study on combustion characteristics of lean premixed CH4/air mixtures in RCM using spark ignition and turbulent jet ignition in terms of orifices angular position change
Autorzy:
Bueschke, Wojciech
Skowron, Maciej
Wisłocki, Krzysztof
Szwajca, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
CNG
turbulent jet ignition
prechamber
optical analysis
flame development
heat release rate
turbulentny zapłon odrzutowy
komora wstępna
analiza optyczna
szybkość wydzielania ciepła
Opis:
The increase in ignitability consist a main aim of implementation of the turbulent jet ignition (TJI) in relation to the combustion of diluted charges. Such an ignition system has been introduced to the lean-burn CNG engine in the scope of GasOn-Project (Gas Only Internal Combustion Engines). In this study the impact of TJI application on the main combustion indexes has been investigated using RCM and analyzed on the bases of the indicating and optical observations data. The images have been recorded using LaVision HSS5 camera and post-processed with Davis software. Second part of the study based on indicating measurements consist the analysis of combustion regarding the variation in the geometry of pre-chamber nozzles. It has been noted, that combustion with TJI indicates significantly bigger flame luminescence and simultaneously - faster flame front development, than the combustion initiated with conventional SI. The positive impact of nozzles angular position on engine operational data has been found in the static charge movement conditions, regarding the combustion stability.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 1; 36-41
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of mass transfer in marine engine with prechamber combustion spark ignition system
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
marine engine
prechamber combustion spark ignition
combustion process modeling
combustion thermodynamics
silnik morski
zapłon iskrowy spalania w komorze wstępnej
modelowanie procesu spalania
termodynamika spalania
Opis:
The development of combustion systems construction is associated with the possibility of increasing the thermal or overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The combustion systems currently in use (mainly related to direct fuel injection) are increasingly being replaced by hybrid systems, including direct and indirect injection. Another alternative is the use of prechambers in new combustion systems. This article concerns the thermodynamic aspect of this issue – namely, the assessment of the inter-chamber f low of a marine engine equipped with a prechamber combustion spark ignition system. The research was carried out using mainly one-dimensional simulation apparatus, and detailed analyses were presented using three-dimensional modeling. The tests included the engine model at medium load. Differences in mass f lows were shown at different diameters and different numbers of holes from the preliminary chamber (while maintaining the same cross-sectional area). Similar values of excess air coefficient during ignition of the fuel dose in the prechamber were observed, which resulted in changes in the f low between the prechamber and the main chamber. The differences in mass f low affected the temperatures achieved in the individual combustion chambers. Based on three-dimensional analyses, the mass transfer rate between the chambers and the temperature distribution were assessed during fuel ignition initiated in the prechamber.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136744, 1--8
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of mass transfer in marine engine with prechamber combustion spark ignition system
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
marine engine
prechamber combustion spark ignition
combustion process modeling
combustion thermodynamics
silnik morski
zapłon iskrowy spalania w komorze wstępnej
modelowanie procesu spalania
termodynamika spalania
Opis:
The development of combustion systems construction is associated with the possibility of increasing the thermal or overall efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The combustion systems currently in use (mainly related to direct fuel injection) are increasingly being replaced by hybrid systems, including direct and indirect injection. Another alternative is the use of prechambers in new combustion systems. This article concerns the thermodynamic aspect of this issue – namely, the assessment of the inter-chamber f low of a marine engine equipped with a prechamber combustion spark ignition system. The research was carried out using mainly one-dimensional simulation apparatus, and detailed analyses were presented using three-dimensional modeling. The tests included the engine model at medium load. Differences in mass f lows were shown at different diameters and different numbers of holes from the preliminary chamber (while maintaining the same cross-sectional area). Similar values of excess air coefficient during ignition of the fuel dose in the prechamber were observed, which resulted in changes in the f low between the prechamber and the main chamber. The differences in mass f low affected the temperatures achieved in the individual combustion chambers. Based on three-dimensional analyses, the mass transfer rate between the chambers and the temperature distribution were assessed during fuel ignition initiated in the prechamber.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; art. no. e136744
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of combustion process in rapid compression machine using high speed schlieren photography
Badanie procesu spalania w maszynie pojedynczego sprężu z wykorzystaniem szybkiej fotografii smugowej
Autorzy:
Glinka, W.
Leżański, T.
Wolański, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
maszyna pojedynczego sprężu
spalanie
komory spalania
komory wstępne
kąt wyprzedzenia zapłonu
wizualizacja procesu spalania
rapid compression machine
combustion
combustion chamber
prechamber
ignition timing
visualization of combustion process
Opis:
The paper presents results of experimental investigation of combustion process in rapid compression machine. New combustion system for spark ignition engines, in which combustion chamber was divided into the prechamber and main chamber was applied. It is known as Jet Dispersion Combustion (JDC) because intensification of combustion process is achieved by the injection of the burning mixture jet into the main chamber. Experimental set up and testing procedure is briefly described. Schlieren system was used to visualize combustion process. Development of combustion process was recorded with high speed camera. The research was focused on study of the influence of prechamber volume, spark location, ignition timing and orifice diameter on flame propagation and pressure variation inside the main combustion chamber. To avoid soot deposition on glass windows of combustion chamber all tests were conducted for propane/air mixture of stoichiometric composition. The research results show that the application of new combustion system allows obtaining the increase of maximum rate ofpressure rise and maximum pressure as well as maximum combustion efficiency.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych procesu spalania w maszynie pojedynczego sprężu. W badaniach zastosowano oryginalny system spalania, opracowany w Zakładzie Silników Lotniczych Politechniki Warszawskiej, w którym dokonano podziału komory spalania na komorę wstępną i główną. System ten, znany jako JDC (Jet Dispersion Combustion), intensyfikuje proces spalania w wyniku wtrysku palącej się strugi mieszaniny z komory wstępnej do komory głównej. W artykule przedstawiono opis stanowiska badawczego i stosowanych procedur badawczych. Do wizualizacji procesu spalania został wykorzystany smugoskop. Przebieg procesu spalania był rejestrowany szybką kamerą. Badania prowadzono przy zastosowaniu mieszaniny propanu z powietrzem o składzie stechiometrycznym, w celu uniknięcia zaczernienia wzierników w komorze badawczej. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu objętości komory wstępnej, miejsca zapłonu, wyprzedzenia zapłonu oraz średnicy otworu w przegrodzie na szybkość rozprzestrzeniania się płomienia oraz na przebieg ciśnienia w komorze głównej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że zastosowanie tego systemu spalania pozwala uzyskać zwiększenie maksymalnych wartości szybkości narastania ciśnienia, ciśnienia oraz sprawności spalania.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 91-100
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study of performance and emissions of SI engine with a two-stage combustion system
Autorzy:
Jamrozik, A.
Tutak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
silnik z dwustopniowym systemem spalania
współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza
engine with two-stage combustion system
prechamber
excess air factor
indicated work
indicated efficiency
non-repeatability factor of the indicated work
Opis:
Lean mixture burning leads to a decrease in the temperature of the combustion process and it is one of the methods of limiting nitric oxide emissions. It also increases engine efficiency. An effective method to correct lean mixture combustion can be a two-stage system of stratified mixture combustion in an engine with a prechamber. This article presents the results of laboratory research on an SI engine (spark ignition) with a two-stage combustion system with a cylinder powered by gasoline and a prechamber powered by propane-butane gas LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The results were compared to the results of research on a conventional engine with a one-stage combustion process. The test engine fuel mixture stratification method, with a two-stage combustion system in the engine with a prechamber, allowed to burn a lean mixture with an average excess air factor equal to 2.0 and thus led to lower emissions of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the engine. The test engine with a conventional, single-stage combustion process allowed to properly burn air-fuel mixtures of excess air factors X not exceeding 1.5. If the value X > 1.5, the non-repeatability factor COVLi increases, and the engine efficiency decreases, which makes it virtually impossible for the engine to operate. The engine with a two-stage combustion process, working with X = 2.0, the QmlQim = 2.5%, reduced the NOx content in the exhaust gases to a level of about 1.14 g/kWh. This value is significantly lower than the value obtained in a conventional engine, which worked at X = 1.3 with comparable non-repeatability of successive cycles (about 3%) and a similar indicated efficiency (about 34%), was characterised by the emissions of NOx in the exhaust equal to 26.26 g/kWh.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 453-471
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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