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Tytuł:
In defence of an iconic ichnogenus : Oichnus Bromley
Autorzy:
Wisshak, M.
Kroh, A.
Bertling, M.
Knaust, D.
Nielsen, J. K.
Jagt, J. W. M.
Neumann, C.
Nielsen, K. S. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
ichnology
ichnotaxonomy
Oichnus
Tremichnus
Sedilichnus
bioerosion
predation
Opis:
By establishing the bioerosion ichnogenus Oichnus, Richard Bromley (1981) addressed ‘small round holes in shells’ and catalysed a series of still ongoing discussions on ichnotaxonomical principles. In a recent revision by Zonneveld and Gingras (2014), Oichnus was rejected, together with Tremichnus Brett, 1985 and Fossichnus Nielsen, Nielsen and Bromley, 2003, by means of subjective synonymisation with the presumed senior synonym Sedilichnus Müller, 1977. However, Sedilichnus is nomenclaturally unavailable, because it is an atelonym (conditionally proposed). In addition, reinvestigation of the type material of ‘Sedilichnus’ shows that it probably describes variably shaped oscula and thus is a genuine morphological character of the host sponge Prokaliapsisjanus, rather than a bioerosion trace fossil. The ichnogenera Oichnus and Tremichnus are re vised, leading to the synonymisation of Balticapunctum Rozhnov, 1989 with Tremichnus, and of Fossichnus with Oichnus. The refined ichnogeneric diagnoses return Oichnus to complete or incomplete bioerosive penetrations in calcareous skeletal substrates, commonly interpreted as praedichnia with or without signs of attachment, while Tremichnus (now including O. excavatus) exclusively refers to shallow pits passing into echinoderm skeletons that are interpreted as domichnia or fixichnia.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2015, 85, 3; 445-451
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bdellovibrio and like organisms: The much-anticipated “magic bullet”
Autorzy:
Ebana, R. U. B.
Edet, U. O.
Anosike, I. K.
Etok, C. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1077314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Antimicrobial agent
Bdellovibrio
Predation
Resistance
biocontrol agents
Opis:
With advances in next generation sequencing and microscopy, a clearer picture is beginning to emerge about the predatory properties of Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs). BALOs are Gram negative microorganisms which are natural predators of other Gram-negative microorganisms, especially those associated with diseases in humans and animals. One of the limitations of BALOs is their inability to prey upon Gram-positive organisms that cause the bulk of human diseases. The global spread of antibiotics resistance to almost every group of antibiotics, and the paucity of newer antibiotics since 1970s is very worrisome. The ability of BALOs to decimate pathogen populations principally those carrying multidrug résistance genes coupled with the increasing rate of antibiotics resistance, has made them an attractive option as biocontrol agents. With the absence of resistance to BALOs, these much anticipated “magic bullets” will certainly find more and more applications in health, agriculture, medicine and environment in the nearest future.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2019, 23; 233-249
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chęciny–Kielce landscape park — an example of officially not proclaimed geopark
Autorzy:
Urban, J.
Wróblewski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1204939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
georóżnorodność
geoochrona
geopark
Polska
geodiversity
geoconservation
Poland predation
Opis:
Chęcińsko-Kielecki Park Krajobrazowy został utworzony w 1996 r., przede wszystkim w celu ochrony wartości geologicznych. Obejmuje on obszar wielowiekowej eksploatacji kopalin, który uległ znacznym przemianom antropogenicznym. Do najważniejszych wartości tego obszaru należą: obecność skał osadowych o różnej litologii i wieku, odsłonięcia niezgodności strukturalnych, form mikrotektonicznych, przejawów mineralizacji hydrotermalnej, ślady historycznego górnictwa, a także morfologia strukturalna z ciekawymi elementami rzeźby. W gospodarce obszaru dominuje rolnictwo oraz wydobycie i przeróbka kopalin; zyskuje jednak na znaczeniu także turystyka i rekreacja. Wartości geologiczne, historyczne i kulturowe, sposób ich ochrony i administrowania oraz przesłanki ekonomiczno-społeczne przemawiają za włączeniem Ch-KPK do sieci Europejskich Geoparków.
Źródło:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers; 2004, 13; 131-135
1507-9791
Pojawia się w:
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Early Oligocene brachiopods from the rocky-shore deposits at Mammendorf, central Germany
Autorzy:
Bitner, Maria Aleksandra
Müller, Arnold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2133937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Brachiopoda
Early Oligocene
Rupelian
predation
North Sea Basin
Opis:
Thirteen species, belonging to eleven genera, i.e., Discinisca Dall, Novocrania Lee and Brunton, Lacazella Munier-Chalmas, Pliothyrina van Roy, Terebratulina d’Orbigny, Megathiris d’Orbigny, Argyrotheca Dall, Bronnothyris Popiel-Barczyk and Smirnova, Joania Álvarez, Brunton and Long, Platidia Costa and Megerlia King, have been identified in the lower Oligocene rocky-shore deposits at Mammendorf, central Germany. The occurrence of the species Discinisca fallens (Wood), Argyrotheca bitnerae Dulai and Megerlia truncata (Linnaeus) extends their stratigraphic range back to the early Oligocene. The affinity to the early Oligocene brachiopod fauna of the Mainz Basin is noted.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2022, 92, 1; 87--107
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why tyrannosaurid forelimbs were so short: An integrative hypothesis
Autorzy:
Padian, Kevin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Dinosauria
Theropoda
Tyrannosaurus
Abelisaurus
Carcharodontosaurus
predation
limb proportions
Opis:
The unusually shortened limbs of giant theropods, including abelisaurids, carcharodontosaurids, and derived tyrannosauroids such as Tyrannosaurus rex have long been an object of wonder, speculation, and even derision on the part of both paleontologists and the public. Two questions commonly asked are “Why did the forelimbs become so short?” and “What did the animals use such short forelimbs for, if for anything?” Because basal tyrannosauroids and their outgroups, as well as the outgroups of other giant theropods, had longer forelimbs, the foreshortening of these elements in derived taxa was secondary, and it ostensibly involved a shift in developmental timing of the forelimb elements. Factors proposed to have influenced the evolutionary foreshortening include natural selection, sexual selection, energetic compensation, ontogenetic vagaries, and rudimentation due to disuse. Hypotheses of use have varied from a supporting anchor that allows the hindlimbs a purchase to stand from a reclining position to a pectoral version of pelvic claspers during intercourse to a sort of waving display during sexual or social selection. None of these hypotheses explain selective regimes for reduction; at best, they might argue for maintenance of the limb, but in all cases a larger limb would have suited the function better. It is likely that we have been looking the wrong way through the telescope, and that no specific function of the forelimbs was being selected; instead, another crucial adaptation of the animal profited from forelimb reduction. Here I propose, in the context of phylogenetic, ontogenetic, taphonomic, and social lines of evidence, that the forelimbs became shorter in the context of behavioral ecology: the great skull and jaws provided all the necessary predatory mechanisms, and during group-feeding on carcasses, limb reduction was selected to keep the forelimbs out of the way of the jaws of large conspecific predators, avoiding injury, loss of blood, amputation, infection, and death. A variety of lines of evidence can test this hypothesis.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2022, 67, 1; 63-76
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human-wildlife conflict mitigation and community well-being: Evidence from predator-proof bomas
Autorzy:
Manoa, David Owino
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Human-Wildlife Conflict
Predation
Livestock
Predator-Proof Boma
Mitigation
Opis:
Human wildlife conflict (HWC) occur when wildlife requirements encroach on those of human populations, with costs both to residents and wild animals. As a result, there is a growing recognition that solutions focused on wildlife alone limit managers ability to effectively resolve conflicts. This has necessitated a focus on management solutions on humans as well. Various interventions have been used to mitigate the HWC. Here, the focus is on the predator-proof bomas (PPBs), with the aim of answering the question: Do PPBs improve well-being of local people? 25 PPBs were constructed and monitored for a period of six months in Amboseli ecosystem. The livestock predation incidences, time spent guarding at night and people’s perceptions before and after the construction of the PPBs was compared to determine the social and economic changes. Results yielded a very strong significant change in the hours spend per week gurading, with some respondents spending only a day per week (t = 30.01, n = 25, p = 0.00001). An additional paired t –test revealed a significant change in the numbers of livestock attacks inside the homestead after the construction of the PPB (t = 10.258, n = 25, p = 0.00001). Generally, livestock killing cases and injuries went down by 87.3% and 50% respectively. Although there are opportunity costs associated with the installation of PPBs, on comparison the PPBs contributed positively to the well-being of the livestock keepers in Amboseli ecosystem.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 55; 101-113
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern Italy
Autorzy:
Evans, S E
Raia, P.
Barbera, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
predation
Italy
Cretaceous
Rhynchocephalia
Squamata
new lizard
Lepidosauria
lizard
paleobiogeography
paleontology
Opis:
The Lower Cretaceous (Albian age) locality of Pietraroia, near Benevento in southern Italy, has yielded a diverse assemblage of fossil vertebrates, including at least one genus of rhynchocephalian (Derasmosaurus) and two named lizards (Costasaurus and Chometokadmon), as well as the exquisitely preserved small dinosaur, Scipionyx. Here we describe material pertaining to a new species of the fossil lizard genus Eichstaettisaurus (E. gouldi sp. nov.). Eichstaettisaurus was first recorded from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian age) Solnhofen Limestones of Germany, and more recently from the basal Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Montsec, Spain. The new Italian specimen provides a significant extension to the temporal range of Eichstaettisaurus while supporting the hypothesis that the Pietraroia assemblage may represent a relictual island fauna. The postcranial morphology of the new eichstaettisaur suggests it was predominantly ground−living. Further skull material of E. gouldi sp. nov. was identified within the abdominal cavity of a second new lepidosaurian skeleton from the same locality. This second partial skeleton is almost certainly rhynchocephalian, based primarily on foot and pelvic structure, but it is not Derasmosaurus and cannot be accommodated within any known genus due to the unusual morphology of the tail vertebrae.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecomorphology of radii in Canidae: Application to fragmentary fossils from Plio-Pleistocene hominin assemblages
Autorzy:
Meloro, C.
Louys, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Mammalia
Canidae
Canis
habitat adaptation
paleoenvironment
predation
Plio-Pleistocene
fossil
Kenya
Opis:
Fragmentary long bone material from fossil Carnivora is rarely considered to support palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Here, we use morphometry of the radius in extant carnivorans of the dog family (Canidae) to reconstruct the palaeobiology of extinct canids from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania (Bed I and II) and Koobi Fora, Kenya. We use radius mor-phometrics to predict adaptation to prey size and introduce a new method for quantifying canid habitat adaptations based on the geographic distributions of the extant species sampled. Linear Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA) and cluster neighbour-joining algorithms are employed to investigate radial morphometrics as described by 29 linear measurements. Results of our analyses suggest that a phylogenetic signal is present in radial morphometrics, even if it does not allow us to accurately discriminate among genera. A binary prey size categorisation of "small-medium" versus "large" prey can be more accurately predicted than a habitat categorisation scheme (Open, Mixed, Closed). The East African fossil specimens examined show morphometric affinities with the golden jackal (Canis aureus) and coyote (Canis latrans) and are likely attributable to the genus Canis. Fragmentary fossil specimens from Olduvai Gorge are predicted as habitat generalists (Open for Bed I and Mixed for Bed II) adapted for hunting small-medium prey, whereas the specimen from Koobi Fora was predicted as inhabiting mixed habitats and adapted for killing large prey. This study supports the inclusion of fossil Canidae in palaeoecological analyses attempting to clarify the palaeoenvironment of early hominin fossil sites.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2015, 60, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mosasauroid predation on an ammonite – Pseudaspidoceras – from the Early Turonian of south-eastern Morocco
Autorzy:
Gale, A. S.
Kennedy, W. J.
Martill, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/138610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
predation
ammonite
mosasauroidae
Cretaceous
Turonian
Morocco
drapieżnictwo
amonit
mozazaury
kreda
turon
Maroko
Opis:
A juvenile specimen of the ammonite Pseudaspidoceras from the Early Turonian of the Goulmima area in the Province of Er-Rachida in south-eastern Morocco shows clear evidence of predation by a tooth-bearing verte-brate. Most of the body chamber is missing, as a result of post-burial compactional crushing. The adapertural part of the shell on the left flank of the surviving fragment of body chamber bears six circular punctuations; the right flank four. These are interpreted as the product of a single bite by a mosasauroid, probably a Tethysaurus. The taxonomy of the Goulmima Pseudaspidoceras is discuused in an appendix.
Źródło:
Acta Geologica Polonica; 2017, 67, 1; 31-46
0001-5709
Pojawia się w:
Acta Geologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Haemopis sanguisuga (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hirudinea) - the first observation of a leech predation on terrestrial gastropods
Autorzy:
Shikov, E.V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Tematy:
Haemopis sanguisuga
Hirudinea
first observation
leech
predation
terrestrial gastropod
gastropod
horse leech
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 2011, 19, 2
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Double alignments of ammonoid aptychi from the Lower Cretaceous of Southeast France: Result of a post-mortem transport or bromalites?
Autorzy:
Reboulet, S
Rard, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Cretaceous
Valanginian
predation
coprolite
ammonoid
paleontology
taphonomy
France
aptychus
Ammonoidea
Lower Cretaceous
Opis:
A new preservation of aptychi is described from the Valanginian limestone−marl alternations of the Vergol section (Drôme), located in the Vocontian Basin (SE France). Aptychi are arranged into two parallel rows which are generally 50 mm in length and separated by 4 mm. The alignments are very often made by entire aptychi (around 10 mm in length), oriented following their harmonic margin. Aptychi show the outside of valve to the viewer: they are convex−up. This fossilization of aptychi is successively interpreted as the result of post−mortem transport by bottom currents (taphonomicresedimentation process) or the residues (bromalites: fossilized regurgitation, gastric and intestinal contents, excrement) from the digestive tract of an ammonoid−eater (biological processes). Both the parallel rows of aptychi are more likely interpreted as a coprolite (fossil faeces) and they could be considered as both halves (hemi−cylindrical in shape) of the same cylindrical coprolite which would have been separated in two parts (following the long axis) just after the animal defecated. Considering this hypothesis, a discussion is proposed on the hypothetical ammonoid−eater responsible for them.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2008, 53, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyrodnicze i ekonomiczne uwarunkowania gospodarki stawowej w rezerwacie ornitologicznym „Stawy Raszyńskie”
Natural and economic conditions of fish farming in ornithological nature reserve “Stawy Raszyńskie”
Autorzy:
Walczuk, T.
Romanowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/337939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
aktywne metody ochrony
drapieżnictwo
kormoran
produkcja karpia
carp production
cormorant
nature protection
predation
Opis:
Podstawową funkcją stawów rybnych jest produkcja żywności, jednak ostatnio coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się ich roli w retencjonowaniu i ochronie jakości wody oraz w utrzymaniu bioróżnorodności. Stawy rybne są m.in. ważnym siedliskiem ptaków wodno-błotnych, nierzadko stanowiących swego rodzaju „wyspy bioróżnorodności” w krajobrazach przekształconych przez człowieka. Przykładem wielofunkcyjnego gospodarstwa stawowego są „Stawy Raszyńskie” – zwarty kompleks stawów karpiowych założonych w XVIII w., objęty od 1978 r. ochroną w formie rezerwatu przyrody „Stawy Raszyńskie”. Celem ochrony jest zachowanie cennego siedliska lęgów rzadkich gatunków ptaków oraz zapewnienie żerowisk i miejsc odpoczynku ptaków przelotnych. Wprowadzenie ochrony rezerwatowej znacznie ogranicza możliwości prowadzenia rentownej produkcji karpia (brak możliwości renowacji stawów, zmniejszanie się lustra wody). W ostatnich latach dodatkowym czynnikiem negatywnie wpływającym na jego produkcję było powiększenie się kolonii rozrodczej kormoranów Phalacrocorax carbo na Stawie Falenckim. Kolonia, założona przez kormorany ok. 2007 r., rozrosła się do ok. 100 par lęgowych w 2012 r. Równolegle w tym samym okresie zwiększały się straty w produkcji karpia, które w 2011 r. osiągnęły poziom ok. 76% materiału zarybieniowego narybkowego. Zastosowanie w 2012 r. kompleksowej ochrony stawów przed drapieżnictwem kormoranów doprowadziło do zmniejszenia strat w tym roku do poziomu 58,9% materiału zarybieniowego. Autorzy omawiają ścieżkę legislacyjną, dopuszczającą redukcję liczebności kormorana oraz przedstawiają skuteczność aktywnych metod ukierunkowanych na zahamowanie drapieżnictwa kormoranów.
The main function of fish ponds is food production, but recently more and more attention is being paid to their role in water retention, quality protection and maintaining biodiversity. Fish ponds constitute a very important habitat for water birds, being often a type of “biodiversity islands” among the landscape modified by people. An example of a fish farm playing such a multifunction role is “Stawy Raszyńskie”, a compact complex of carp ponds, established in the 18th century, since 1978 protected in a form of an ornithological nature reserve “Stawy Raszyńskie”. The main goal of protection is the preservation of valuable breeding sites of rare bird species and providing feeding sites and resting place for migratory birds. The introduction of nature protection significantly limits profitable carp production (no possibilities of pond renovation, decreasing water surface). An additional factor, which negatively influences fish production has appeared recently. This is the increasing nesting colony of cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, situated on the island of Falencki Pond. The colony, set up by cormorants about the year 2007, enlarged to about 100 breeding pairs by the year 2012. Simultaneously, carp production recorded increasing losses which achieved 76% of fish fry in 2011. The implementation of complex protection measures against cormorants’ predation in 2012 led to a decrease of losses in the same year to 58.9% of fish fry. Authors discuss the legislation leading to the reduction of cormorants’ number and present the effectiveness of active methods focussed on the mitigation of cormorants’ predation.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2013, 13, 4; 175-184
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Live-live and live-dead interactions in marine death assemblages: The case of the Patagonian clam Venus antiqua
Autorzy:
Gordillo, S.
Archuby, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
mollusca
bivalvia
biotic interactions
drilling predation
crushing
epibionts
postmortem encrustation
recent
pleistocene
patagonia
Opis:
In this work we studied bioerosion and encrustation on dead shells of the shallow benthic clam Venus antiqua from Patagonia Argentina with the aim of understanding biotic interactions (live/live interaction) and postmortem encrustation (live/dead interaction). In this regard, drill hole analysis and epibiont distribution in shells from modern death assemblages were performed. Additionally, we analyzed crushing traces in the shells of the drilling gastropod Trophon geversianus, which were caused by another predator. The analysis of drill hole placement and epibiont distribution on V. antiqua shells show drill holes (75%) and the epibiont Crepidula spp. (70.91%) more concentrated in the upper sector of the valve, which might be explained by the vertical position and a semi-infaunal mode of life in this clam. Nevertheless, the presence of drill holes in the lower sector of the valve indicates that clams spent part of the time reclining on the sediment. There is also evidence that clams with Crepidula spp. as commensals are less frequently attacked by drilling gastropods. Besides, a high percentage of articulated clams (30.97%) show signs of attack by drilling gastropods, but incomplete drill holes (7.67%) also suggest failed attempts, resulting in a minimum of 23.30% of successful predation. These incomplete drill holes may suggest failed attempts due to another predator attack upon the snails consuming the clams thus interrupting the feeding activity: more than 60% of marks of crushing in T. geversianus shells could have been produced by other predators, such as crabs. The postmortem encrustation on V. antiqua shells (35%) was mainly produced by calcareous polychaetes, preferably located on the inner side of the valve indicating that the empty shells of V. antiqua served as cryptic environment before they become exposed on the beach. Finally our data show that drilling frequency is very low in Pleistocene assemblages, suggesting changes in burial depth dynamics of this suspension feeder.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2014, 59, 2; 429-442
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tetranychus urticae changes its oviposition pattern in the presence of the predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Typhlodromus bagdasarjani
Autorzy:
Moghadasi, Mona
Golpayegani, Azadeh Zahedi
Saboori, Alireza
Allahyari, Hossein
Tafti, Hamideh Dehghani
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1386299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
oviposition
spider mite
predation
parental care
Phytoseiidae
składanie jaj
przędziorki
drapieżnictwo
opieka rodzicielska
Opis:
Oviposition behaviors in herbivorous mites are affected by several factors i.e. food availability for juveniles and reduced predation risks. We used the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) to find out whether the previous presence of specialist/ generalist phytoseiid predator individuals, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot/ Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan (here, direct effect) or their previous odour perception by prey (here, indirect effect) would affect T. urticae oviposition strategies. Tetranychus urticae female individuals were placed on a leaf disc in a plastic container with predators either on the same disc (direct presence of predator) or on the second disc (receiving odours related to a predator) in the same container. Getting experienced, the prey individuals transferred to the oviposition container to their oviposition pattern parameters get recorded. The ovipositing T. urticae were monitored in two experimental situations: 1. Receiving odours related to the predator- prey interaction from the second leaf disc in the same oviposition container during their oviposition period, and 2. Receiving no odour. Our results showed that when T. urticae females perceived the predator presence in their first container (with either predator species, both direct and indirect effect), they reduced their total egg distances, oviposition rates and oviposition periods significantly regardless of receiving odours related to prey-predator interactions during experiment. Receiving odours during oviposition, T. urticae females decreased their pairwise egg distances in at least 4 and at most 6 pairs of eggs, while when odours were absent during oviposition, the distances decreased in at least 2 and at most 3 pairs of eggs. The direct presence of P. persimilis reduced the prey oviposition period significantly more than that when T. bagdasarjani was present. The spider mites oviposition rate reduction was obviousely more than that in the presence of T. bagdasarjani. The different effects of predator species on T. urticae egg distances were discussed.
Na zachowania związane ze składaniem jaj roztoczy roślinożernych wpływa kilka czynników między innymi dostępność pokarmu dla młodych osobników i zmniejszone ryzyko drapieżnictwa. Użyliśmy przędziorka Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae), aby dowiedzieć się, czy obecność drapieżnika określonego typu (wyspecjalizowany w drapieżnictwie na Tetranychus urticae przedstawiciel drapieżnych dobroczynkowatych, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot i niewyspecjalizowany Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan) wpływają na strategie składania jaj T. urticae. Następnie powtórzyliśmy eksperyment używając zapachu poprzednich ofiar tych drapieżników. Samice Tetranychus urticae umieszczono na krążku z liści w plastikowym pojemniku z drapieżnikami na tym samym krążku (bezpośrednia obec-ność drapieżnika) lub na drugim krążku (odbierającym zapachy związane z drapieżnikiem) w tym samym pojemniku. Po doświadczeniu, ofiary przenoszono do pojemnika, w którym samice składały jaja. Parametry związane ze składaniem jaj T. urticae monitorowano w dwóch grupach doświadczalnych: grupa eksperymentalna otrzymywała zapach związany z interakcją drapieżnik-ofiara, natomiast grupa kontrolna nie otrzymywała zapachu. Nasze wyniki wyka-zały, że gdy samice T. urticae dostrzegły obecność drapieżnika lub jego zapach (w przypadku obu gatunków drapieżników), znacznie zmniejszyły liczbę składanych jaj i odległości między składanymi jajami, a ponadto skracały okres składania jaj, niezależnie od aplikowania za-pachów związanych z interakcją między drapieżnikiem i ofiarą. Jednak aplikacja zapachu podczas składania jaj powodowała zmniejszenie odległości między składanymi jajami w od 4 do 6 par kolejno składanych jaj. W grupie kontrolnej, odległości zmniejszyły się w od 2 lub 3 parach kolejno składanych jaj. Bezpośrednia obecność P. persimilis skróciła okres składania jaj przez ofiarę znacznie bardziej niż obecność T. bagdasarjani. Zmniejszenie szybkości składania jaj przez przędziorki było wyraźnie większe niż w obecności T. bagdasarjani.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica; 2019, 26; 65-81
2450-8330
2353-3013
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites
Autorzy:
Berkyova, S
Fryda, J.
Lukes, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Tentaculitoidea
tentaculite
predation
Middle Paleozoic
Paleozoic
plankton
Devonian
shell repair
dacryoconarid tentaculite
paleontology
Opis:
Anomalous development of shell ornamentation and repaired shell injury in the Early Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites are documented and interpreted as either a repaired injury of the shell (evidence of unsuccessful predation obscured by recrystallization), or as a result of an anomalous function of the mantle, caused by injury of the soft body. The manner of shell repair, which resembles the way that some modern marine animals, such as mollusks, repair their shells, is discussed. The issue of phylogenetic affinities of tentaculites has been also outlined. These findings represent the first documentation of unsuccessful predation on the Middle Paleozoic plankton.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drilling predation on Permian brachiopods and bivalves from the Glass Mountains, West Texas
Autorzy:
Hoffmeister, A P
Kowalewski, M.
Baumiller, T.K.
Bambach, R.K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
drilling predation
Paleozoic
brachiopod
drilling parasitism
Glass Mountains
mollusc
bivalve mollusc
Texas
paleontology
Opis:
Although bored invertebrates have been described from every period of the Paleozoic, little information on the frequency and nature of Late Paleozoic drill holes exists. Our examination of the Permian silicified fossils, which were bulk collected by G.A. Cooper from the Glass Mountains of west Texas, revealed numerous drilled brachiopods and bivalve mollusks. Drill holes are perpendicular to the shell, smooth sided, sometimes beveled, and have other characteristics consistent with a predatory/parasitic origin. The frequency of drilling is significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for brachiopods (1.07%, n = 7597) than for bivalves (7.43%, n = 619). This study confirms that drilling predators and/or parasites were present in the Late Paleozoic. However, the drilling frequencies reported here—rarely exceeding 5%—are much lower than those reported for the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which typically exceed 20%. The low Late Paleozoic frequencies are consistent with a majority of estimates reported previously for the older periods of the Paleozoic and suggest that the intensity of drilling predation/parasitism in marine benthic ecosystems remained low throughout the Paleozoic and did not increase until some time in the Mesozoic. Our data suggest that prey/host types with a higher nutritional return (bivalve mollusks) may have been preferentially selected for attack by predator(s)/parasites(s) already in the Permian.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstatte in Oklahoma, USA
Autorzy:
Seuss, B.
Mapes, R.H.
Klug, C.
Nutzel, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
cameral deposit
Carboniferous
orthoconic nautiloid
Buckhorn Asphalt
Oklahoma
USA
Nautiloidea
Pseudorthoceratidae
predation
sublethal damage
Opis:
The cameral and intrasiphonal deposits of a Pennsylvanian straight nautiloid (Pseudorthoceratidae) are studied in order to understand the formation of these deposits. The specimens from the Buckhorn Asphalt deposit (Oklahoma) are exceptionally preserved including original aragonite and microstructures. The specimen investigated survived a predation attempt and shows bite marks on the phragmocone. This is the second report of an ectocochleate cephalopod and first report of an orthoconic nautiloid which survived massive damage of conch and siphuncle. For the first time, a high−magnesium calcitic mineralogy of cameral deposits is documented. These deposits were formed in alternation with aragonite in a chamber which was perforated during the unsuccessful predation attempt. The animal formed the chamber deposits throughout its entire lifetime and the siphuncle played a major role in formation of the cameral deposits.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2012, 57, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gniazdowe akumulacje szczątków fauny w środkowojurajskich iłach rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej-wnioski paleobiologiczne
Nest-like accumulations of faunal remains in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Kraków-Czestochowa Upland and their palaeobiological implications
Autorzy:
Zatoń, M.
Salamon, M. A.
Marynowski, L.
Zatoń, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
średnia Jura
Polska
fragmenty skorup
szczątki organiczne
Middle Jurassic
Polska
predation
shell fragments
shelly fossils
Opis:
Distinct faunal accumulations in the uppermost Bajocian/lowermost Bathonian, lowermost and Middle Bathonian of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland) have been detected. The fossils are densely packed in the centre of the accumulations and more or less dispersed in their margins. The accumulations vary in size, but all are rich in various groups of organisms, of which the molluscs (mainly bivalves) and echinoderms predominate. The echinoderms are all disarticulated, and shelly fauna occur as angular fragments with sharp edges, of random sizes and without any signs of abrasion. The different sizes of the fossil remains, from tiny echinoderm ossicles or juvenile shelly fauna to medium-sized shell fragments or belemnite rostra, exclude any transportation and thus sorting. Worth of noting is the occurrence of similar faunal groups in each accumulation. The general shape and composition of the accumulations, as well as their taphonomical features, especially the angularity of shell fragments, point to durophagous (shell-crushing) predation rather than physical processes. The various organisms may indicate that the potential predator (most probably fish) fed on various invertebrates. The indigestible particles were later regurgitated forming the accumulations discussed. The presence of various epibionts on the fossil fragments indicate,that they rested upon the sea-floor for some time-span after they had been regurgitated. Then the scavengers, as well as current action or water movements, have been responsible for dispersion of some of the fossils, as is well-visible at the margins of the investigated accumulations..
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2007, 55, 5; 424-429
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids
Autorzy:
Hone, D.W.E.
Watabe, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
paleontology
new information
scavenging
feeding behaviour
tyrannosaurid
Dinosauria
Theropoda
Tarbosaurus
paleoecology
carnivore
predation
fossil record
Opis:
Feeding traces for carnivorous theropod dinosaurs are typically rare but can provide important evidence of prey choice and mode of feeding. Here we report a humerus of the hadrosaurine Saurolophus which was heavily damaged from feeding attributed to the giant tyrannosaurine Tarbosaurus. The bone shows multiple bites made in three distinctive styles termed “punctures”, “drag marks” and “bite−and−drag marks”. The distribution of these bites suggest that the animal was actively selecting which biting style to use based on which part of the bone was being engaged. The lack of damage to the rest of the otherwise complete and articulated hadrosaur strongly implies that this was a scavenging event, the first reported for a tyrannosaurid, and not feeding at a kill site.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pygospio elegans Claparede inhabiting Baltic coastal zone shows predation against oligochaetes
Autorzy:
Piesik, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/85139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
Oligochaeta
Pygospio elegans
Baltic Sea
coastal zone
macrozoobenthos
predation
oligochaete
gastrointestinal tract
biocenosis
population density
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2004, 08
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco
Autorzy:
Klug, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Ammonoidea
Bactritoidea
Devonian
Early Devonian
Gnathostomata
Morocco
cephalopod
paleontology
shell
predation
life mode
ectocochleate cephalopod
Opis:
Internal moulds of the relatively small− to moderate−size shells of Early Devonian ectocochleate cephalopods (typically <150 mm diameter) occasionally display traces of repaired shell damage. Presumably, these animals with their highly specialized buoyancy device, the phragmocone, lived in the water column. It is uncertain as to how the shells of these animals were damaged; one likely cause would be predatory attacks but the identity of the perpetrator remains uncertain. So far, no remains of arthropods capable of breaking or cutting shells have been found in the fossiliferous outcrops of this age in the Anti−Atlas (Morocco). The only macrovertebrate remains of this age are of acanthodian and placoderm fish which probably lived a more or less benthonic life style. Additionally, a fish attack on these cephalopods would probably have destroyed most of the thin−shelled conch and killed the animal. Most of the repaired shell breaks are triangular in shape which is characteristic for cephalopod bite marks. Additionally, the paired arrangement of the fractures in over 70 bactritoids supports the hypothesis that it was a cephalopod attacking another cephalopod. It cannot be excluded with certainty that occasional vertebrate attacks left traces on their shells. Fossil evidence indicates that the development of tightly coiled conchs was a rapid evolutionary event in the Ammonoidea in the Early Devonian; however, the evolution of coiling is probably not directly related to predation pressures because the ratio of injured to healthy specimens is roughly the same in Zlíchovian bactritoids with orthoconic and ammonoids with coiled shells.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Traces of cassid snails predation upon the echinoids from the Middle Miocene of Poland
Autorzy:
Ceranka, T
Zlotnik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
gastropod
Miocene
Polska
Cassidae
morphology
identification
predation
fossil echinoid
Middle Miocene
echinoid
population structure
snail
paleontology
Opis:
Drill holes on tests of Echinocyamus linearis from the Middle Miocene Korytnica Basin represent the first well documented fossil record of cassid predation from Poland. These traces complement the ecological information on the size and structure of cassid populations recorded by body fossils. The high number of drill holes recognised from the Heterostegina Sands, the uppermost part of the Korytnica depositional sequence, indicates the occurrence of a large cassid population during the late stage of development of the Korytnica Basin. The small size of most of the drill holes indicates that juvenile gastropods of the family Cassidae, which are not preserved in the fossil record of the investigated area, were also present in the cassid populations.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2003, 48, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patterns of drilling predation of cassid gastropods preying on echinoids from the Middle Miocene of Poland
Autorzy:
Zlotnik, M
Ceranka, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
gastropod
Miocene
drilling predation
drill hole
cassid gastropod
Polska
Cassidae
Middle Miocene
echinoid
predatory behaviour
paleontology
Opis:
Test−drilling predation by cassid gastropods on minute clypeasteroid echinoids has been studied in the fossil assemblage of the Heterostegina Sands (middle Miocene, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). The analysed prey, collected from two sublithofacies of the Heterostegina Sands (coarse−grained Heterostegina Sands and fine−grained Heterostegina Sands), represent three species of Echinocyamus (E. linearis, E. pusillus and E. pseudopusillus). The drill holes were produced presumably by one cassid species, Semicassis miolaevigata. The investigation showed that drilling predation intensities varied among the prey species. Within both fine− and coarse−grained sands, E. linearis was drilled more frequently than E. pusillus. An intermediate value of drilling predation was recognised for E. pseudopusillus. The intensities of drilling predation recognised for some of the prey species (E. pusillus) varied also between (but never within) the sublithofacies. Drilling predation was both size− and site−selective. Larger individuals of E. linearis and E. pusillus were attacked more frequently and the aboral side of the test of all Echinocyamus species was drilled preferentially. An extremely high concentration of drill holes was observed in the apical disc and petals. Results obtained for the most abundant prey (E. linearis) indicate that the predatory behaviour of large cassids was somewhat different from those typical of small cassids. Large cassids drilled and consumed their prey almost always individually, whereas small cassids sometimes preyed upon the urchins in a group. Large cassids displayed also a higher site−selectivity. They more frequently drilled in the petals and apical disc. The patterns of drilling predation were most likely controlled by the potential energetic value of prey (measured by the internal volume/test thickness ratio), prey and predator mobility, prey mode of life, thickness and porosity of the prey's tests, as well as by the proportions between the size of the prey and size of the predator. The results suggest that the mode of life of the prey and its test structure can influence the drill hole morphology.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The endangered swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) is threatened by the common otter Lutra lutra
Autorzy:
Kopij, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Tematy:
endangered species
swan mussel
Anodonta cygnea
threat
common otter
Lutra lutra
otter
diet
mollusc
conservation
natural predation
loss
Opis:
A heavy otter predation on the swan mussel was recorded in early spring in a fish-pond in SW. Poland. Although natural predation was not regarded as a threat to the swan mussel in Poland, it is likely that in areas where the otter (and possibly also mink, raccoon and muskrat) is common the mussel’s populations may suffer heavy losses.
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 2011, 19, 3
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low durophagous predation on Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids in the northwestern Panthalassa shelf basin
Autorzy:
Takeda, Y.
Tanabe, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Toarcian
Early Jurassic
Jurassic
ammonoid
Panthalassa zob.Panthalassic Ocean
Panthalassic Ocean
shelf basin
Ammonoidea
predation
ventral bite mark
paleontology
Opis:
Predatory shell breakage is known to occur occasionally on the ventrolateral portion of the body chamber in Mesozoic ammonoids. Here we report, for the first time, quantitative data of shell breakage in large ammonoid samples that were recovered from the lower Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) strata in the Toyora area, western Japan. The strata yielding the ammonoid samples consisted mostly of well-laminated, bituminous black shale that was deposited in an oxygen-depleted shelf basin of the northwestern Panthalassa, under the influence of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. Among a total of 1305 specimens from 18 localities, apparent shell breakage was recognised in 35 specimens belonging to 7 genera, resulting in only a 2.7% frequency of occurrence relative to the total number of specimens. The breakage occurs mostly on the ventrolateral side of the body chamber with a complete shell aperture. This fact, as well as the low energy bottom condition suggested for the ammonoid-bearing shale, indicate that the shell breaks observed in the examined ammonoids were not produced by non-biological, post-mortem biostratinomical processes but were lethal injuries inflicted by nek-tonic predators such as reptiles, jawed fishes, coleoids, nautiloids, and carnivorous ammonoids with calcified rostral tips in their upper and lower jaws. Similar predatory shell breaks on the ventrolateral side of the body chamber have been found in contemporaneous ammonoid assemblages of the Tethys Realm, with a much higher frequency of occurrence than in the examined samples from the northwestern Panthalassa, suggesting a weaker durophagous predation pressure on ammonoids in the latter bioprovince.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2015, 60, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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