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Tytuł:
Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wireless Alarm Devices
Autorzy:
Pospisilik, M.
Vnencakova, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wireless communication
power density
electromagnetic field
Opis:
Together with the rise of importance of devices employing wireless networks based on the principle of radio frequency data transfers, also the discussion on harmfulness of the electromagnetic radiation has occurred. The authors of this paper obviously cannot provide unambiguous answers to stop this discussion. On the other way, they can provide the reader of this paper with real data obtained by measurements processed inside a semi anechoic chamber that were performed at several wireless alarm peripherals. The measured values are compared to the technical and hygienic standards so the reader can form an idea of the amount of the radiated energy. Moreover, examples of waterfall diagrams of spectra generated by the devices are also listed in this paper.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2018, 64, 1; 57-64
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kuchenki mikrofalowe : kontrola emisji i ekspozycji na pole elektromagnetyczne
Microwave ovens : to control emissions and exposure to electromagnetic fields
Autorzy:
Mariańska, M
Aniołczyk, H.
Mamrot, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/180259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
pole elektromagnetyczne
gęstość mocy
kuchenki mikrofalowe
EMF (electromagnetic fields)
power density
power density (S)
microwave ovens
Opis:
Kuchenki mikrofalowe należą do obiektów technicznych mogących potencjalnie emitować pole-EM o wartościach mających wpływ na bezpieczeństwo i higienę pracy osób zatrudnionych w gastronomii czy serwisach firmowych. Formalnie, bezpieczeństwo użytkowania kuchenek mikrofalowych powinien gwarantować producent, który zobowiązany jest to przestrzegania standardów emisji promieniowania, po spełnieniu których urządzenia są do puszczone do sprzedaży. Dla użytkowników kuchenek mikrofalowych w gospodarstwach domowych to warunek konieczny. Przedstawione w artykule dane o poziomach tego pola w otoczeniu ponad 170 urządzeń wskazują, że należy przedsięwziąć stosowne działania ochronne. Przedstawiony w opracowaniu istniejący stan prawny dotyczący limitów emisji, który obowiązuje producentów tych kuchenek jest oparty o rekomendacje ICNIRP i spełnia wymagania limitów ekspozycji człowieka na pole - EM. Krajowe przepisy są bardziej rygorystyczne. W pracy dyskutowane są wszystkie te aspekty, szczególnie w odniesieniu do pracowników gastronomii i służb serwisowych, gdzie brak jest faktycznego nadzoru nad warunkami pracy. Zwrócono także uwagę na możliwość zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa użytkownikom kuchenek mikrofalowych w gospodarstwach domowych.
Microwave owens can potentially emit electromagnetic fields (EMF) at levels affecting the safety and health of people employed in catering and authorized service centres. Theoretically, the manufacturer should guarantee that microwave ovens are safe, devices on the market should comply with emission standards. The levels of EMF in the vicinity of over 170 devices: presented in this article, indicate that appropriate protective measures are necessary. Current regulations on emission limits, which manufacturers of microwave ovens should comply with, are based on ICNIRP recommendations and meet human exposure limits for EMF. The regulations in Poland are more restrictive. This article discusses all those aspects, particularly in relation to staff in catering and in service centres, where there is no effective supervision of the working conditions. The ability to ensure safe household use of microwave ovens is considered, too.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2017, 12; 8-12
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design methods for limiting rotor losses in a fractional slot PMSM motor with high power density
Autorzy:
Wolnik, Tomasz
Opach, Szczepan
Cyganik, Łukasz
Jarek, Tomasz
Szekeres, Vojtech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fractional slot motors
high power density motor
rotor losses
Opis:
Fractional slot PMSM motors enable high power density factors to be obtained provided that their electromagnetic circuit, appropriate mechanical structure and cooling system are properly designed, as well as when operating at a high frequency of power supply voltage (400–800 Hz) with high magnetic saturation and high current loads (approx. 12–15 A/mm2). Such operating conditions, especially in the case of fractional slot motors, may be the reason for excessive rotor losses, mainly in the rotor yoke and permanent magnets. One of the conditions for obtaining high values of continuous power of the motor is the reduction of these losses. This paper presents selected design methods for limiting the value of rotor losses with simultaneous consideration of their influence on other motor parameters. The analysiswas carried out for a PMSM motor with an external rotor weighting approx. 10 kg and a maximum power of 50 kW at a rotational speed of 4 800 rpm.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2022, 71, 4; 963--979
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance Analysis of an Atkinson Cycle Engine under Effective Power and Effective Power Density Conditions
Autorzy:
Gonca, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
gasoline engine
Atkinson cycle
engine performance
power density
finite-time thermodynamics
Opis:
This study presents performance optimization of an Atkinson cycle engine using criteria named as effective power and effective power density conditions. The effects of design and operating parameters such as compression ratio, cycle pressure ratio, cycle temperature ratio, equivalence ratio, bore/stroke ratio, inlet temperature, inlet pressure, engine speed, friction coefficient, mean piston speed and stroke length, on the performance characteristics have been examined. Moreover, the energy losses have been determined as fuel energy and they have been classified as incomplete combustion losses, friction losses, heat transfer losses, and exhaust output losses. Realistic values of specific heats have been used depending on temperature of working fluid. The results of the study can be assessed as an engineering tool by the Atkinson cycle engine designers.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 4; 1306-1313
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An optimization study on an eco-friendly engine cycle named as Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) for marine vehicles
Autorzy:
Gonca, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
Dual-Miller cycle engine
engine performance
power density
finite-time thermodynamics
Opis:
The diesel engine is an indispensable part of technology and it is commonly used in land and marine vehicles. However, diesel engines release NOx emissions due to high combustion temperatures. They have harmful effects on the environment such as sources of photo-chemical fog and climate changes. Therefore, they must be reduced and limited. The Miller cycle application is a NOx control method and it is popular in the recent years to abate NOx produced from the internal combustion engines (ICEs). A performance investigation of a Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) engine in terms of power (PO), power density (PD) and effective efficiency (EE) has been performed using a new finite-time thermodynamics modeling (FTTM) in this study. The effects of engine design and operating parameters on the engine performance (EPER) have been examined. Additionally, the energy losses have been determined resulting from incomplete combustion (IC), friction (FR), heat transfer (HT) and exhaust output (EO). The results presented could be an essential tool for DMC marine engine designers.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 3; 86-98
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectral analysis by a video camera in a holographic optical tweezers setup
Autorzy:
Drobczynski, S
Dus-Szachniewicz, K
Symonowicz, K.
Glogocka, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
holographic optical tweezers
power spectrum density
video analysis
Opis:
We discuss the basic parameters of the holographic tweezers equipped with a diode laser and cheap video camera. We compare these parameters with the system using a fast camera and high power Nd:YAG laser. The measured parameters are: the power spectra density calculated from tracing the position of the micron polystyrene beads and the trap stiffness. We show that this cheap optical tweezers system is sufficient for experiments in microbiology.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2013, 43, 4; 739-746
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation procedure for blowing machine monitoring and predicting bearing SKFNU6322 failure by power spectral density
Autorzy:
Castilla-Gutiérrez, Javier
Fortes Garrido, Juan Carlos
Davila Martín, Jose Miguel
Grande Gil, Jose Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
vibration
bearing failures
diagnostics
failure analysis
power spectral density
Opis:
This work shows the results of the comparative study of characteristic frequencies in terms of Power Spectral Density (PSD) or RMS generated by a blower unit and the SKFNU322 bearing. Data is collected following ISO 10816, using Emonitor software and with speed values in RMS to avoid high and low frequency signal masking. Bearing failure is the main cause of operational shutdown in industrial sites. The difficulty of prediction is the type of breakage and the high number of variables involved. Monitoring and analysing all the variables of the SKFNU322 bearing and those of machine operation for 15 years allowed to develop a new predictive maintenance protocol. This method makes it possible to reduce from 6 control points to one, and to determine which of the 42 variables is the most incidental in the correct operation, so equipment performance and efficiency is improved, contributing to increased economic profitability. The tests were carried out on a 500 kW unit of power and It was shown that the rotation of the equipment itself caused the most generating variable of vibrational energy.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2021, 23, 3; 522-529
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Układy wzorców pola elektrycznego i magnetycznego w metrologii gęstości mocy
Systems of the electric and magnetic field standards in the power density metrology
Autorzy:
Grudziński, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/157396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
wzorce pola elektrycznego
wzorce pola magnetycznego
gęstość mocy
electric field standards
magnetic field standards
power density
Opis:
Szybki rozwój i wykorzystanie wielu źródeł mocy w zakresie małych i wielkich częstotliwości w przemyśle, telekomunikacji, nauce, technice i medycynie, wojsku, a nawet w gospodarstwie domowym spowodował rozwój narzędzi służących do pomiarów pola elektromagnetycznego (PEM) i związanej z tym metrologii pól elektromagnetycznych. W ochronie pracy i środowiska są to pomiary w bezpośrednim otoczeniu pierwotnych i wtórnych źródeł. Znaczną degradację dokładności pomiaru powodują specyficzne własności pola, w tym szczególnie pola bliskiego. Wymienione czynniki są źródłem wielu błędów zarówno na stanowiskach wzorców jak i bezpośrednio w trakcie pomiarów terenowych.
The development of contemporary civilization is associated with the consumption of more and more quantities of electromagnetic energy in communication, technology, science, medicine, and military in the household. The hazard created by an exposure to EMF requires the field measurements in the neighborhood of primary and secondary field sources. Remarkable degradation of the measurement accuracy is specific properties of the field, and in particular the near-field. The factors mentioned reduce the accuracy of the measurements both while the measurements are done with the use of standard field sets in a Lab and during the field measurements.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2006, R. 52, nr 7/8, 7/8; 16-19
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the correlation function and Fourier transformation to evaluation of technical condition demonstrated by blades of a rotor machine during the operation process
Autorzy:
Lindstedt, P.
Rokicki, E.
Borowczyk, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diagnostics of blades
correlation function
power spectral density (PSD) function
amplitude amplification
Opis:
The paper presents fundamentals of a new method for monitoring of technical condition demonstrated by blades of rotor machines during operation there of. The method involves the diagnostic model expressed as a qutient of the amplitude amplification for the diagnostic signaly (t) that results from the blade impact and the signal x(t) produced by the blade surrounding when the blade tip approaches the sensor, divided by the amplitude amplification of these signals when the blade tip has already passed the sensor position and moves away. The adopted diagnostic model takes account for current surrounding of the blade x(t) with no need of measurements of its parameters [12, 14]. Thus, the model is sensitive to alterations of the technical condition demonstrated by the blade but very little vulnerable to variations in the blade surroundings. Consequently, the proposed method may be able to play an important role for diagnostics of rotor blades during operation there of. The presented method applicable to monitoring of changes in technical condition of a blade is an innovative approach to carry out diagnostic of the blade in its natural environment with no need to measure signals from that environment.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 263-269
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sound Radiation from a Roundabout
Autorzy:
Piddubniak, O.
Piddubniak, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
roundabout
car sound radiation
stationary phase method
acoustic pressure
power flow density
Opis:
Sound propagation from the vehicles moving on the city roundabout, with taking into account the wind is investigated. Solution of the problem for one moving sound source is found by means of the integral Fourier transforms extended over space variables and time. Inverse transforms are calculated approximately, using a stationary phase method and iterative technique. The solution for a general problem is obtained as a superposition of many partial solutions. The numerical analysis of noise characteristics is performed for the three-way Korfanty roundabout case in Łódz.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 3; 437-456
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of Flux Density of the Solar Radio Burst Event by Using Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA)
Autorzy:
Hamidi, Z. S.
Shariff, N. N. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
sun
CALLISTO
Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA)
power flux density
solar radio burst
Opis:
In this article, an evaluation of the flux density of the solar radio burst is presented. A rod aluminium’s type as a conductor with nineteenth (19) elements of different sizes is being prepared to construct a log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) from 45-870 MHz. The performance was carried out at the National Space Agency (PAN), Sg. Lang, Banting Selangor by connecting to the Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Spectroscopy Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) spectrometer. The input impedance, R0 = 50 ohm is chosen for this LPDA antenna. From the analysis, the gain of the antenna is 9.3 dB. This antenna potentially captures a signal that covers about 0.08 m2 area of the Sun.The temperature of the burst that detected at the feedpoint of the antenna is 32 K. However, the signal becomes decrease to 28.75 K while by CALLISTO spectrometer as a receiver. It was also found that the isotropic source spectral power is 1576 W/Hz. Since the burst level above the background sky is 0.41 dB , the flux density of the burst is 5.5 x 10-21 W/m2/Hz. Based on the results, we conclude that this antenna is suitable for to observe the Sun activities at low frequency region.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 7; 21-29
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Speech Segmentation Algorithm Based on an Analysis of the Normalized Power Spectral Density
Autorzy:
Pekar, D.
Tsikhanenka, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/308533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
phoneme segmentation
power spectral density
short-term signal energy
speaker independent
voice systems
Opis:
This article demonstrates a new approach to speaker independent phoneme detection. The core of the algorithm is to measure the distance between normalized power spectral densities in adjacent, short-time segments and verify it based on velocity of changes of values of short-time signal energy analysis. The results of experiment analysis indicate that proposed algorithm allows revealing a phoneme structure of pronounced speech with high probability. The advantages of this algorithm are absence of any prior information on a signal or model of phonemes and speakers that allows the algorithm to be speaker independent and have a low computation complexity.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2010, 4; 44-49
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie czujników inercjalnych z wykorzystaniem metody analizy widmowej
Testing inertial sensors with use of the spectral analysis method
Autorzy:
Paszek, J.
Kaniewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
sensor inercjalny
zakłócenia losowe
gęstość widmowa mocy
inertial sensor
random noise
power spectral density
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań losowych zakłóceń pomiarów czujników inercjalnych z wykorzystaniem metody analizy widmowej. Do uzyskania wyników wykorzystano metodę analizy Gęstości Widmowej Mocy (GWM) sygnału z czujnika w celu wyznaczenia charakterystyk źródeł zakłóceń. Przedstawione zostały wyniki badań eksperymentalnych oraz ich porównanie z wynikami uzyskanymi metodą wariancji Allana (AV). Na koniec dokonano porównania wyników graficznej interpretacji krzywych GWM i AV analizowanych danych.
The accuracy of Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) is limited by the performance of used inertial sensors. The measurement precision of gyroscopes and accelerometers is limited due to systematic and random errors. The systematic errors are deterministic and can be easily removed from measurements using mathematical modeling and calibration. The origin of the random errors is electronic noise which interferes in the full measurement spectrum. Thus, this error cannot be fully removed from the acquired data using filtering. Estimation of the random noise errors can be done using Power Spectral Density (PSD) or Allan Variance (AV) method [1, 2, 4, 6]. Both methods are used to decompose noise to its basic sources described by the power spectral model 1/fn [2, 3]. In this paper, the estimation of random noises using the PSD method is shown. The error model used for sensor analysis and the methodology of experiment are described. The spectral analysis of the random errors of the inertial sensors allows comparing the performance of the sensors made in different technologies i.e. microelectro-mechanical gyroscopes (MEMS) and fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG). The PSD and AV methods give information about noise sources which can be used to model and simulate the inertial sensors noise.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2014, R. 60, nr 9, 9; 702-704
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diurnal seismic ambient noise and seismic station performance characterization in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Autorzy:
Zannat, Naharin
Farazi, Atikul Haque
Kamal, A. S. M. Maksud
Rahman, Md. Zillur
Hossain, Md. Shakhawat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
seismic ambient noise
power spectral density
noise energy
noise sources
seismic station
Bengal Basin
Opis:
Seismic ambient noise (SAN) energy can potentially blur regional and teleseismic arrivals as well as various microearthquakes at specific frequencies. Therefore, quantification of the SAN energy level in a region is required to optimize seismic station distribution for seismological investigations. Moreover, evaluation of station performance and noise source is possible from observation of SAN energy levels. The SAN energy distribution from seismic stations in the Bengal Basin (BB), Bangladesh has not yet been estimated. At the same time, this tec-tonically active and complex region is less studied using seismic methods. This study aims to quantify SAN ener-gy and characterize its diurnal variation along with evaluating station performance at 11 seismic stations, which were temporarily installed in the deeper portion of the BB. Herein, the daily SAN energy level was determined within the period range of 0.02–30 s by estimating the power spectral density (PSD) of seismic data for 7 continu-ous days. SAN energy and its variation over time were observed using the probability density functions (PDFs) of PSDs and spectrograms, respectively. The sources of SAN energies at different period bands were also investigat-ed by comparing the PSDs with daily variations in human activities, nearby noise sources, local meteorological factors (i.e., air temperature and precipitation), and sea level height. The insights from this study could be useful for the future deployment of seismic networks as well as seismological studies in the BB.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2023, 49, 3; 209--224
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of probabilistic power spectral density technique to monitoring the long-term vibrational behaviour of cern seismic network stations
Autorzy:
Łacny, Łukasz
Ścisło, Łukasz
Guinchard, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
ground motion
power spectral density
seismic network
ruch podłoża
gęstość widmowa mocy
sieć sejsmiczna
Opis:
In this paper, a statistical method called Probabilistic Power Spectral Density based on the standard spectral density plots is presented and utilized. The practical application and utility of this method are shown based on the seismic data collected over a long period from three seismic stations connected within the so-called CERN Seismic Network. The analysis was used to observe and monitor the increase in ambient vibration levels over a long period during the heightened heavy machinery work close to LHC Point 1 (ATLAS detector).
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2020, 31, 3; art. no. 2020311
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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