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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    “Unwelcome guests”: Situation of Galician refugees in Austro-Hungary at the end of the First World War and at the time of dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
    Autorzy:
    Ruszała, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312184.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    refugees
    wartime migrations
    repatriations
    1918
    postimperial space
    Galicia
    Opis:
    This paper investigates the situation of Galician refugees in the Habsburg Empire during the last year of the First World War. The majority of the refugees returned home following the eastward movement of the frontline in 1915 (i.e. after the Gorlice‑Tarnów campaign). However, many others stayed deep within the Austro‑Hungarian Empire till the end of the war. According to the official reports of the Ministry of the Interior, there were still 90 thousand refugees (25% Poles, 28% Jews, and 46% Ukrainians, then known as Ruthenians) receiving social benefits from the state in the Austrian part of the Empire on 1st September 1918. Moreover, one can add countless refugees who stayed in the interior of the Empire at their own expense. The situation became even more complicated when the feelings of enmity on the part of the local inhabitants escalated. Pressed by society, the local authorities started expelling the refugees. As a consequence, some of them returned home, while others still stayed in exile in search of a better life. What is even more interesting is that some of them (mostly Jews) emphasised the lack of a bond with the new Polish state born in November 1918.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 107-121
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Between unification and particularism: Pomerania and independence
    Autorzy:
    Krzemiński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312193.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    Pomerania
    1918
    postimperial
    transformation
    post–WW1 period
    Opis:
    The Vistula Pomeranian (the former Prussian province of West Prussia) remained the longest dependent part of the partitioning power of Poland, which was reborn after 1918. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Polish population of these lands, whose original ethnic component was Kashubians, strengthened their national awareness under the influence of modernisation processes. As in the entire Prussian partition, the dominant factor here was the idea of national solidarity built around an attachment to Catholicism. The defeat of Germany in World War I was associated by the local Poles with the incorporation of Pomeranian lands into the borders of the Polish Republic. The decisions of the Paris Conference of 1919 were awaited with hope and enthusiasm. Independence, however, brought disappointment caused by the economic crisis, as well as the inability of the central authorities to deal with the native population. Against this background, there were conflicts and misunderstandings throughout the entire interwar period. After 1920, the slogans of regional particularism gained popularity among the indigenous Pomeranian population. However, the German threat of the yoke forced local political and social activists to respond to the idea of unification of Pomeranian lands with the rest of the country, pushed by the central authorities.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 91-106
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Government land policies in occupied enemy territory: the case of British rule in Ottoman Palestine, 1917–1920
    Autorzy:
    Bunton, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    Palestine
    Occupation policy
    Ottoman Empire
    Postimperial administration
    transition
    Opis:
    In the chaotic situation following the British invasion of southern Palestine at the end of 1917, military officials faced several countervailing pressures. In addition to ongoing military priorities (including international norms pertaining to military occupations, such as the law of the ‘status quo’), pressing humanitarian concerns, and even the personal religious sentiments of individual officers, the British occupation administration was forced to take into account international pressures and interventions resulting from the overlapping and conflicting promises made during the war (inter alia, Sykes‑Picot agreement, Husayn‑McMahon correspondence, Balfour Declaration, and President Wilson’s 14 Points). This paper focuses on the land policy‑making process as a case study with which to weigh the various factors pressing upon the military occupation as it evolved during its first three years. Land ownership was a huge concern: a properly functioning land registry was seen as key to the improvement of economic and social conditions in the largely agricultural economy, and British interventions were followed closely by all interested parties. The land has also been at the centre of the ensuing century‑long conflict between Arabs and Jews. Thus, a close examination of land policies (and especially the 1920 land ordinance) offers an extremely important window on both the rule of law in the aftermath of the war and our understanding of the current, unending conflict in the land.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 227-246
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Great changes at home: Latvians abroad and the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918
    Autorzy:
    Beķere, Kristīne
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    Latvia
    1918
    postimperial transition
    transformation
    Opis:
    This paper examines how Latvian communities abroad reacted to and were influenced by a change of the first magnitude in the political life of their homeland, namely, the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia on November 18, 1918. News of the proclamation, first of all, necessitated diaspora Latvians choosing attitudes towards the new phenomenon, which highlighted the political pre‑dispositions of the different groups within the diaspora. Polarisation of opinions was followed shortly by a wave of activities both in support of and against the new Republic. These activities included gathering financial resources for war victims and state institutions in Latvia, public relations campaigns in diaspora host countries, political lobbying etc. The establishment of the Republic of Latvia also profoundly influenced and intensified the internal formation processes within the diaspora. A marked increase of activity is observable in all fields of engagement that are characteristic of an active ethno‑national diaspora: the internal organisational structure was further developed; contacts with the homeland intensified; mutual links between geographically distant diaspora groups became closer. The great political changes in the homeland gave the Latvian diaspora the push necessary to fully develop and become an active ethno‑national diaspora.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 67-90
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metamorfozy Europy w świetle teorii imperiów-cywilizacji
    The metamorphosis of Europe in the light of the empirescivilizations theory
    Autorzy:
    Szul, Roman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21151009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
    Tematy:
    Europa
    Imperium Rzymskie
    chrześcijaństwo zachodnie (Civitas Dei)
    Europa - cywilizacja imperiów
    postimperialna Europa-kondominium
    postzimnowojenna Europa
    imperium-cywilizacja
    empire-civilisation
    Europe
    Roman Empire
    Europe as a civilisation of empires
    postimperial Europe-condominium
    post-Cold War Europe
    Western Christianity (Civitas Dei)
    Opis:
    Artykuł stanowi próbę wytłumaczenia historii Europy w świetle koncepcji imperiów-cywilizacji jakie kształtują historię świata. Mają one trzy wymiary: kulturowy, materialny i polityczny, oraz cykle życiowe nazwane tu dynamiką. Składają się na nią fazy: wyłaniania się, ekspansji, kryzysu i upadku. Upadek imperiów-cywilizacji zwykle dotyczył wymiaru politycznego, pozostawiając elementy spuścizny kulturowej i materialnej oraz pamięć, pełniące następnie rolę podłoża, z którego mogły wyrosnąć nowe imperia. Przykładem takiego wyrastania nowych imperiów-cywilizacji ze „starej gleby” są metamorfozy Europy. W historii Europy istniały następujące po sobie imperia-cywilizacje: 1) Rzym, 2) imperium chrześcijańskie (Civitas Dei), 3) Europa nowożytna jako cywilizacja imperiów, 4) postimperialna Europa-kondominium, i 5) postzimnowojenna Europa poszukująca tożsamości i miejsca w świecie.
    This article attempts to explain the history of Europe in the light of the concept of empires-civilizations which shape world history. They have three dimensions: cultural, material and political, and life cycles called here dynamics. It consists of the phases of emergence, expansion, crisis and decline. The decline of empires-civilizations usually concerned the political dimension, leaving elements of cultural and material legacy and memory, which then acted as a substrate from which new empires could grow. The metamorphoses of Europe are an example of such growth of new empires-civilizations out of the "old soil". In the history of Europe there have been successive empires-civilizations: 1) Rome, 2) the Christian empire (Civitas Dei), 3) modern Europe as a civilization of empires, 4) post-imperial Europe-condominium, and 5) post-Cold War Europe searching for identity and place among the world civilizations.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2022, 39; 55-78
    2080-8836
    2392-067X
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geopolityczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Question of identity of the aristocratic families in the new national states after 1918: An example of Habsburg & Hochberg families in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Drozdowski, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    identity questions
    Habsburg
    Hofburg
    aristocracy
    1918
    postimperial transition
    Opis:
    The independence of newly born (or reborn) states at the end of 1918 raised the question of the future of the aristocratic families who had built their position in the pre‑war empires. An interesting example of such dilemmas arose in Poland. This was connected with the fate of two originally German‑speaking families. One of them was a branch of the imperial Habsburg family that settled in Żywiec (German: Saybush) in western Galicia. The other: rich and powerful family of Hofburg von Pless having their main seat in Pszczyna (German: Pless) in Prussian Upper Silesia. They were both members of the absolute elite of European aristocracy, being related to many noble and royal families and playing important roles in the political and economic life of Austro‑Hungary and Germany. What they also had in common was the fact, that their estates were located in a borderland between different ethnic and national groups. After the end of World War One, almost all these properties became part of the independent Polish state. As a result, the new administration treated the families with serious distrust. However, their national choices were different: the Habsburgs of Żywiec started to consider themselves as pure Polish, while the Hofburgs radically adhered to their German self‑identity. This article shows what the criteria were behind these choices.
    Źródło:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2022, 52; 145-164
    0073-277X
    Pojawia się w:
    Historyka studia metodologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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