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Wyszukujesz frazę "political representation," wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Інституційні чинники пропорційності парламентського представництва українських політичних партій
Institutional Aspects of Proportionate Parliamentary Representation of Ukrainian Political Parties
Autorzy:
Чабанна, Маргарита
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political party
democracy
parliamentary representation
electoral system
voter
turnout
electorate
indices of disproportionality
Opis:
In political science the assessment of institutional development is an important criterion for determining the level of democratic governance. Therefore, the role of formal political institutions is significant for the functioning of the political system. It concerns the functioning of the executive, legislative, judiciary, and has expression in the mechanisms of mediation between public authorities and citizens. In the article the participation of political parties as such mediators is shown. Political parties, in this context, perform the numbers of functions in order to promote the principle of political representation through elections and parliamentarism. Therefore, political elections aimed at the expression of public opinion may apply as a tool for representative government. Thus, democratic elections and the formation of the parliament can be evaluated according to the criteria of transparency and proportionality of political representation. The implementation of these principles in a democratic political system depends on several factors related to the type of electoral system and those political institutions that affect the electoral process. For instance the representation of political parties in elected bodies depends on the threshold for parties or blocks (in the case of a proportional system), voter turnout and the method of determining electoral quota; as well the number of political parties participating in the elections; and the rights of voters to vote «against all». The article examines the impact of the electoral system on proportionate representation of political parties in parliament during the elections to the Ukrainian parliament (2002-2014). As for the constitutional amendments and electoral legislation in 2004-2014 years, we focus on the type of electoral system, the methods for calculating the electoral quota, threshold for political parties, the number of political parties-participants of the election process, as well as indicators of voter turnout. In order to analyse the proportionality of parliamentary representation of political parties we consider the indices of disproportionality. Overall, the disproportionate representation of political party as a phenomenon is caused by the existence of threshold (in the case of a proportional electoral system) and single-member constituencies (in the case of the majority electoral system). The level of proportional parliamentary representation of political parties in Ukraine is moderate. At the same time, the downward trend of proportional representation is obvious. This is due to the increase in unrepresented voters who vote for political parties that do not win seats. In this regard, we can state that a high threshold helps large parties in the election competition. However, as a result, the disproportionate representation of political parties may rise because of the high percentage of voters whose interests are not represented in parliament. In other words, the essential electoral support for non-influential parties, their overall percentage and dispersion of voters who support political parties that do not pass in parliament, is a factor of disproportionate representation. That is, the level of proportionate representation refers to the total number of political parties that compete in elections.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 238-249
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Політична репрезентація поляків в Україні на локальному рівні (за результатами досліджень 2015-2016 рр. на Житомирщині)
Political Representation of Poles in Ukraine at the Local Level (Based on the Research Results of 2015–2016 Years in Zhytomyr Region)
Autorzy:
Рудницький, Сергій
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political representation,
Zhytomyr regional local government,
the Polish national minority in Ukraine,
deputies of the Polish origin,
social and political activities of the Polish national minority in Ukraine
Opis:
The issue of representing interests of national minorities in the political sphere is relevant for Ukraine as a multi-ethnic state. The Polish minority stands out among others considering the nature of the Ukrainian-Polish relations in the past and under the current conditions. Therefore, the analysis of the representation of the Polish community in local government of Ukraine, particularly in Zhytomyr region where the largest community of Poles lives, has an essential scientific and practical significance. The research of the political representation of Poles in Zhytomyr region began in September 2015 when prof. Slawomir Lodzinski (Institute of Sociology, University of Warsaw) and associate professor Serhii Rudnytskyi (Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University) launched the international research seminar "Representation of National Minorities at the Local Level – Poles in Ukraine and Ukrainians in Poland". In the 2015-2016 academic year, the participants of the seminar from Ukraine aimed at investigating activities of the Polish minority in selected areas of Zhytomyr region (taking into account the specifics of the socio-psychological faculty) and identifying its psychological determinants. Several locations in Zhytomyr region, where the Polish minority lives and/or which are characterized by activities in social and political life of the given settlement, were chosen for a study The research was related to Poles/persons of Polish origin in local government of the given locality. With regard to the political part of the research of the Ukrainian participants of the seminar, the study of 2015 turned out to have little effect. In the course of the research, the activity of the leaders of the Polish community, as well as the political activity of persons from the Polish national minority, were recorded in all localities under consideration at the level of local government. In the 2016–2017 academic year participants of the seminar changed. Bearing in mind experience of the previous year, the study became of a purely political nature. All works (with the exception of the research related to institutes representing the interests of the Polish minority at the regional level) were focused on revealing deputies of the Polish origin in local government bodies of Zhytomyr region, their links with the local Polish community and its institutions (primarily, with public organizations) and with all-Ukrainian political forces. Attention was drawn to the ties between ethnicity, the election campaign, and canvassing. Two works did not bring any new information on the political representation of the Poles in Zhytomyr region. The first one, which was devoted to associations representing the interests of the Polish national minority in Zhytomyr region, was more like a desk review. The second one, concerning the program documents of the candidates for deputy of the district councils of the Zhytomyr region who have Polish origin, was merely a methodology for studying documents by methods of mathematical statistics and did not include the results of empirical research. Two other works, dedicated to the participants of the local government in Zhytomyr region, provided new information on the political representation of the Polish minority at the local level. S. Chuprina in her work on deputies of the Polish origin of Berdychiv City Council found that some of the deputies of Berdychiv City Council are of Polish origin. The activity of one of the deputies is connected with the Polish social and cultural activities, namely with the Polish-language radio in Berdychiv, popular and scientific activity, the rebirth of the Polish cemetery in the city, and the initiative to create a museum of the Polish culture in Berdychiv. Yu. Vonsovych while studying the connection between the ethnic origin of deputies of Polish origin of Zhytomyr City Council with their electoral programs, found out that some of the deputies have Polish origin, which is understood and referred in various ways ("Polish origin", "Polish nationality", "Polish roots" ). There are also deputies who declare themselves Poles who have participated in projects of the Polish community which were aimed at its development.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 145-153
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Поняття «політична репрезентація» в українському політологічному дискурсі
The concept of «political representation» in Ukrainian political science discourse
Autorzy:
Рудницький, Сергій
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489518.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political representation representation of
representativeness legitimacy
representation mandate
authorization representative
Opis:
The term «representation» in Ukrainian political science and social philosophy is used only in relation to interest (interest representation means their presentation) and is one of the stages of its development. This concept occupies important place and has a long history of use in West political science. The term «representation» was already used in Roman law, in scientific discourse; it appeared in the writings of medieval theologians. Marsilius of Padua proposed the conception of people whose political representatives and executor of their will serve the elected officials. French thinkers Jean- Jacques Rousseau and Charles-Louis Montesquieu examined the representation in the context of popular sovereignty. The theory of political representation is developed with the beginning of the distribution in Europe of representative form of government, during the French Revolution. In the western scientific tradition classical representation is understood as a group of people chosen by elections, acting on behalf of another group (primarily people but also the territorial or ethnic community) institutionalized in government. The most common understanding of political representation is the parliament, but often political representation is understood as the electoral process. Meaningful side of the concept is ambiguous in various sciences, and even within a single scientific discipline. When defining the meaning of «political representation» competence approach is used, according to which representation is treated as a legal jurisdiction that allows the state to make a decision. Representation can also be understood as the right to unilateral government. Within the so-called sociological approach attention is paid not only to the chosen way of representative, but to the similarity of the representative to represent. The relationship between the representative and represented is constitutive feature of representation. The main mechanism of coordination and the will of the sovereign representative of the elections is a subsidiary of the institutions that articulate public opinion, especially political parties. Thus, the concept of «political representation» can be understood as a political institution that provides representation of a group of people (especially parliament); a state in which representative reflects the composition of society (a representative); compliance action representative expectations represented (legitimacy). The concept can also be understood as a process of obtaining right of representation, and the process of presenting someone in the political sphere. Choosing between existing interpretations of concepts we can make our own based on the Ukrainian scenario and interpret it as the phenomenon of presenting the subject in the political sphere. Political representation should also be understood as a principle of representation one entity by another entity, between which there is a connection with the direct absence represented in the political sphere. The author proposes to move away from the classical Western understanding of representative only as a representative body presenting the sovereign and proposes to include in the range of political representatives of all subjects receiving the mandate for representation of society or groups. The author believes that the subject of the representation is not only the people but also a smaller social group - ethnic, demographic or territorial, an individual can be represented in the political sphere. The scope (volume) of the subject representation can also vary; it can be understood wider concerning the political system, or narrower – concerning the part of political system: state, part of the state (Parliament), executive body. The nature and type of connection between the represented and representatives, mechanism of its coordination; method of representation mandate, and other phenomena related to political representation, depend on the nature of democracy. Acts of political representation relationship with the model of a political system that outlines the structure of institutions engaged in political representation sets the ratio between them regarding the scope of representation.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 228-237
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Normatywno-teoretyczny chaos, czyli myślenie regionalnej elity samorządowej o demokracji
Normative-theoretical chaos, or a way of thinking of regional political elites about democracy
Autorzy:
Wasilewski, Jacek
Kotnarowski, Michał
Betkiewicz, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Ameryk i Europy. Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG)
Tematy:
elita regionalna
demokracja partycypacyjna
demokracja elitystyczna
reprezentacja polityczna
demokracja bezpośrednia
integracja elit
regional elite
participatory democracy
elitist democracy
political representation
direct democracy
elite integration
Opis:
Artykuł skupia się na przekonaniach regionalnej elity samorządowej na temat modeli demokracji, operacjonalizowanych jako sądy o reprezentacji politycznej, demokracji bezpośredniej i integracji elit. Empiryczną podstawą jest kwestionariuszowe badanie 400 radnych sejmików wojewódzkich i największych polskich miast przeprowadzone w 2017 r. Dane pokazują, że regionalną elitę cechuje niekoherencja poglądów: nie układają się one w ogólniejsze wizje demokratycznego postępowania, a szczegółowe opinie na temat reprezentacji, demokracji bezpośredniej i integracji elit słabo korelują ze zmiennymi niezależnymi, w tym opisującymi polityczne afiliacje, np. bliskość partyjną czy położenie na skali lewica–prawica. Głównym wyjaśnieniem tego niespójnego obrazu jest teza o braku profesjonalizacji elity regionalnej.
The article focuses on the beliefs of the regional political elites in Poland about the models of democracy, operationalised as opinions about political representation, direct democracy and elite integration. The empirical basis is a questionnaire survey of 400 members of regional political elites carried out in 2017. The sample consists of 400 councillors of the 2014-2018 term of regional (voivodship) assemblies and town councils of big cities. The data show that an incoherence of views characterises the regional political elite: they do not form a more general vision of the democratic process, and detailed opinions on representation, direct democracy and elite integration poorly correlate with independent variables, including those describing political affiliations, i.e. party affinity or location on the left-right scale. The primary explanation for this incoherent image is the thesis about the lack of professionalisation of the regional elite.
Źródło:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne; 2019, 2(76); 19-44
1509-4995
Pojawia się w:
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziedzictwo prawne Leona Petrażyckiego w nowoczesnej doktrynie prawnej Ukrainy
Autorzy:
W, Kostytsky, Wasyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902756.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Petrazycki
psychological theory of law
law and ethical experiences
balance of emotion and intellect in law
sociology of law
theological and sociological understanding of law
law and morals
sources of law
official and intuitive law according to Petrazycki
legal awareness as representation of law
phenomenology of law according to Petrazycki
desirable and actual law
law and public welfare
law policy according to Petrazycki
types of positive law according to Petrazycki
political power and psychological theory of law
subjective and objective law
moral imperative as a source of law
Ukrainian scholars’ opinions on Petrazycki’s work
psychologiczna teoria prawa
prawo i przeżycia etyczne
stosunek emocjonalnego iracjonalnego prawa
socjologia prawa
teologiczne isocjologiczne rozumienie prawa
prawo i moralność
źródła prawa
oficjalne i intuicyjne prawo wg Petrażyckiego
świadomość prawna jako odbicie prawa
fenomenologia prawa wg Petrażyckiego
pożądane i obowiązujące prawo
prawo i dobro wspólne
polityka prawa wg Petrażyckiego
rodzaje pozytywnego prawa wg Petrażyckiego
władza państwowa i psychologiczna teoria prawa
subiektywne i obiektywne prawo
Imperatyw moralny jako źródło prawa
ukraińscy naukowcy o twórczości Petrażyckiego
Opis:
The paper aims to study the work of Leon Petrazycki and analyze modern Ukrainian scholars’ opinions on Petrazycki’s scientific achievements. This study focuses on Petrazycki’s work, his psychological theory, in particular, in view of our own perspective on the law and within the framework of our theological and sociological theory, which considers the law as a social life phenomenon and regards moral imperative of the Almighty God as the basis of law. Every civilization communicates moral imperative through sacred writings (the Ten Commandments in Christian Bible, six hundred and seven rules in Jewish Torah, seventy-two rules in Muslim Quran). It is within the framework of this moral imperative that the society and the state develop the law. The paper addresses the modern absurdity and at the same time antinomy of law, lying in the fact that there is more and more law in the society but less and less law in life of an individual due to the fact that states rapidly upscale rulemaking, but laws are becoming less accessible to an individual. This study draws on conceptual issues of Petrazycki’s theoretical heritage, fundamental principles of his psychological theory, as well as connection between law and morality, described by Petrazycki, which are the spiritual heritage of society. The most important issues of Petrazycki’s work, in our opinion, are studying the nature of law, balance of emotion and intellect, official and intuitive, desirable and actual components in law, as well as subjective and objective law, law policy and power. The paper reveals that assessment of Petrazycki’s work in modern Ukrainian legal studies is ambivalent: from sharply critical (Prof. P. Rabinovich), compliant with Russian (O. Timoshina (St. Petersburg)) approach and critical yet positive perception of Petrazycki’s psychological theory (S. Maksymov, O. Merezhko, M. Kuz, O. Stovba) to admiration for Petrazycki’s genius, whose work was ahead of his time (I. Bezklubyi, N. Huralenko, V. Dudchenko, O. Rohach, M. Savchyn, V. Tymoshenko). Thus, the research findings suggest that Petrazycki’s work belongs not only to the past, but also to the present and future of jurisprudence, sociology, psychology, economics. Further in-depth analysis of Petrazycki’s heritage will contribute to more accurate diagnosis of urgent legal issues in social development of modern Ukraine, real assertion of personocentrism as a postulate of contemporary theoretical jurisprudence and guidelines for public authorities, as well as practical solution to many controversial scientific and legal issues.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2018, 74; 163-184
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The constitutional principles of the state’s political system as determining the foundations of electoral law
Konstytucyjne zasady ustroju państwa determinujące podstawy prawa wyborczego
Autorzy:
Stępień-Załucka, Beata
Uliasz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38697123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-07-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
constitutional principles
democratic legal state
sovereignty of the people
principle of representation
political pluralism
elections
electoral law
zasady konstytucyjne
demokratyczne państwo prawne
suwerenność narodu
zasada przedstawicielstwa
pluralizm polityczny
wybory
prawo wyborcze
Opis:
The political systems of democratic states are based on specific assumptions contained in the highest legal acts. In Poland, the role of such a supreme legal act is fulfilled by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the assumptions being constitutional principles. Their uniform definition has been worked out neither by the legal system nor by the doctrine. Hence, they are sometimes defined differently in science. While for some they are “the legislator’s statements of fundamental importance to the functioning of the constitutional system of the state,” for others they are instruments of law which certain norms are derived from, thus influencing the shaping of the principles of the political system or administration of justice regardless of whether they are of primary or secondary nature. B. Banaszak emphasises that within individual constitutional norms it is possible to indicate principles of particular importance to the state. And what is more, the indication of a particular principle at the beginning of the Constitution or in a part of it has consequences regarding its further provisions. W.J. Wołpiuk, in turn, maintains that in a descriptive sense, principles are a certain pattern for research purposes. A. Kallas, on the other hand, defines constitutional principles as principles fundamental to the nature of the state. These principles take the form of separate (individual) provisions, included in the body of Chapter I of the Constitution, but are often also constructed on the basis of a number of its provisions (e.g. the principle of parliamentary system of the government). Worth noting at this point, however, is a certain regularity that in the constitutions of the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, they are as a rule quite extensive and have a broad spectrum of impact on the entire legal system. This spectrum is particularly relevant in electoral law. The present article will therefore examine this spectrum. It will show the impact of constitutional principles such as the principle of a republican state, the principle of sovereignty of the Nation, the principle of representation, the principle of political pluralism and the openness of the financing of political parties on the basic premises of the electoral law in terms of its subject matter and substantiveness. The key thesis to be proven is that the constitutional principles indicated above find their direct application and development in the provisions of the electoral law. Accordingly, their consequence is, inter alia, the principle of the tenure of office of individual, representative organs of the state, including the most important ones of the Sejm and the Senate, which in its essence constitutes a kind of verification of actions for the existing representatives. In turn, the principle of universality of elections, which is a direct determinant of the principle of sovereignty and representation, on the one hand – admits all eligible citizens to the electoral act, in accordance with the idea of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, but on the other hand – eliminates incapacitated persons from this act. Further, among the electoral principles of constitutional consequence, it is necessary to point out equality granting each voter one vote, the value of which is one. Finally, the principle of the secrecy of the ballot will not be overlooked, constituting a kind of security for all those taking part in the electoral act that they will not suffer negative consequences as a result of their vote. However, it is important to show and remind that the above principles of the electoral law are closely interconnected, not only within the electoral law itself, but within the entire legal system. This is because nowadays, in scientific political discourse and in practice, the fundamental importance of primary constitutional values, including precisely coherence of the legal system, is overlooked (another value that is just as often displaced is its stability). Hence, demonstrating this coherence of the legal system and emphasising its importance in times of political and legal change is particularly justified. The basic research methods used in the paper will be dogmatic-legal and theoretical-legal methods.
Ustroje państw demokratycznych opierają się na swoistych założeniach zawartych w najwyższych aktach prawnych. W Polsce rolę najwyższego aktu prawnego pełni Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, a owe założenia to zasady ustrojowe. Ich jednolita definicja nie została wypracowana ani przez system prawa, ani też przez doktrynę. Stąd w nauce bywają różnie określane. Podczas gdy dla jednych są to „wypowiedzi ustrojodawcy o fundamentalnym znaczeniu dla funkcjonowania konstytucyjnego ustroju państwa”, dla innych to instrumenty prawa, z których wynikają określone normy i przez to wpływają na ukształtowanie zasad ustroju politycznego lub wymiaru sprawiedliwości niezależnie od tego, czy mają charakter podstawowy, czy wtórny. B. Banaszak podkreśla, że w obrębie poszczególnych norm konstytucyjnych można wskazać zasady o szczególnie doniosłym znaczeniu dla państwa. Co więcej, wskazanie na określoną zasadę na początku konstytucji bądź w jej części wywiera konsekwencje na dalsze jej postanowienia. W.J. Wołpiuk z kolei pisze, że w znaczeniu opisowym zasady to pewien wzorzec dla celów badawczych. Natomiast A. Kallas określa zasady ustrojowe mianem zasad fundamentalnych dla charakteru państwa. Zasady te przybierają postać odrębnych (indywidualnych) przepisów, zamieszczonych w treści rozdziału I konstytucji, ale często są też konstruowane na podstawie szeregu jej przepisów (np. zasada parlamentarnego systemu rządów). Już jednak w tym miejscu warta zauważenia jest pewna prawidłowość, że w konstytucjach byłych państw komunistycznych Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej są one z reguły dość obszerne i mają szerokie spektrum oddziaływania na cały system prawa. To spektrum jest szczególnie istotnie w prawie wyborczym. Toteż jego zbadaniu zostanie poświęcony niniejszy artykuł. Zostanie w nim bowiem ukazane oddziaływanie konstytucyjnych zasad ustroju, takich jak: zasada państwa republikańskiego, zasada suwerenności Narodu, zasada przedstawicielstwa, zasada pluralizmu politycznego i jawności finansowania partii politycznych na podstawowe założenia prawa wyborczego w ujęciu przedmiotowym i podmiotowym. Przy czym kluczową tezą, która będzie podlegała udowodnieniu, jest stwierdzenie, że wskazane powyżej zasady konstytucyjne znajdują swoje bezpośrednie zastosowanie oraz rozwinięcie w przepisach prawa wyborczego. Odpowiednio ich konsekwencją jest między innymi obowiązująca w Polsce zasada kadencyjności poszczególnych przedstawicielskich organów państwa, w tym także tych najważniejszych Sejmu i Senatu, która w swej istocie stanowi swoistą weryfikację działań dla dotychczasowych reprezentantów. Z kolei zasada powszechności wyborów, będąca bezpośrednim wyznacznikiem zasady suwerenności i przedstawicielstwa, z jednej strony zgodnie z ideą Konstytucji RP dopuszcza wszystkich uprawnionych obywateli do aktu wyborczego, z drugiej strony jednak eliminuje z tego aktu osoby ubezwłasnowolnione. W dalszej kolejności wśród zasad wyborczych będących konstytucyjną konsekwencją trzeba wskazać na równość przyznającą każdemu wyborcy jeden głos, którego wartość wynosi jeden. Finalnie nie zostanie pominięta zasada tajności głosowania stanowiąca swoiste zabezpieczenie dla wszystkich biorących udział w akcie wyborczym, że nie poniosą negatywnych konsekwencji w związku z oddanym głosem. Istotne jednak pozostaje wykazanie i przypomnienie, że powyższe zasady prawa wyborczego są ze sobą ściśle spojone, nie tylko w obrębie prawa wyborczego, ale w obrębie całego systemu prawa. Współcześnie bowiem w dyskursie naukowym, politycznym oraz praktyce pomija się podstawowe znaczenie pierwotnych wartości konstytucyjnych, w tym właśnie spójności systemu prawa (inną, równie często wypieraną, jest jego stabilność). Stąd wykazywanie owej spójności systemu prawa i podkreślanie jej znaczenia w czasach zmian politycznych i prawnych jest szczególnie uzasadnione. Podstawowymi metodami badawczymi wykorzystanymi w pracy będzie metoda dogmatyczno-prawna i teoretyczno-prawna.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2024, 22, 1; 71-86
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Politics-and Constitutional Courts (Judge’s Personal Perspective)
Autorzy:
Safjan, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
constitution building
democracy
non-majoritarian institutions
political culture
political representation
public opinion
fundamental/human rights
judicial review
transparency
Opis:
The paper deals with different forms of political impact on the constitutional justice. The main subject of presentation is the analysis of recent Polish experiences which can help to identify better the threats to the independence of the constitutional justice in democratic space. The first part takes the effort to describe the specific phenomenon of political pressure exerted on the constitutional justice through indirect influence (so called “political mobbing”). The argumentation developed in the paper proves that even such indirect and sometimes subtle interferences from the political elite create the very danger for accountability of constitutional justice and have a negative impact on constitutional awareness of the society. The second part deals with typical reasons (ongoing in all constitutional courts) of inevitable “politization” of the constitutional review, first of all the political procedure of appointments of the judges and the political nature of constitutional cases. The thesis is defended through the analysis of Polish experiences which indicate that the presence of politics, inherent element of the constitutional justice, cannot be automatically identified with lack of the objective and independent judgments issued by the judges. Internal independence and formal external guarantees of it allow us to avoid the pathological impact of politics. Two factors have a particularly great impact on the attitudes of judges and support them in fulfilling their responsibility: the continuity of jurisprudential lines, accumulation of constitutional experience (acquis constitutionnel) and the permanent dialogue between the constitutional courts and the international courts or among the constitutional courts in the European space.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2009, 165, 1; 3-26
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zrównoważony rozwój w perspektywie fundamentalnych idei współczesnej polityki
Sustainable development in perspective of the most important ideas of contemporary politics
Autorzy:
Rozen, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1181033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
sustainable development
human right
political representation
constitutionalism
Opis:
The article presents sustainable development in context of the most important ideas of contemporary politics. These are such ideas as political representation, human rights and constitutionalism. These three ideas favors of sustainable development and are related with it. So modern liberal democracies are important for sustainable development.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2018, 1(94); 99-105
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negocjacje polityczne: między działaniem jednostek a relacjami strukturalnymi
Political Negotiations: Actions of Individuals versus Structural Relations
Autorzy:
Rancew-Sikora, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
political negotiations
intergroup relations
conflict resolution
representation of social groups
negocjacje polityczne
relacje międzygrupowe
reprezentowanie grup społecznych
rozwiązywanie konfliktów
Opis:
The article aims at exploring the significance of political negotiations for regulating group relations. The authoress wonders to what extent sociology can be useful for the understanding of what is actually occurring during negotiations. She attempts to present a multi-level analysis, taking into account both interactive characteristics as well as the influence of structural factors on negotiation processes. It is organized along the subsequent lines: initially elementary situations were discussed, in which only individuals participate. Next, the authoress presents negotiations of individuals in social networks, negotiations of group representatives, intergroup relations, and finally, the place of negotiation processes in democratic systems. The complex nature of a negotiation situation is noted by the participants, and it causes some decision-making dilemmas which, in turn, shape the situation in question. The analytical approach to this problem can assist in explaining the behavior of actors and the end results of the negotiation process.
Tematem pracy jest znaczenie negocjacji politycznych dla regulowania stosunków zbiorowych. Celem opracowania jest teoretyczne rozważenie, jak dalece dotychczasowy dorobek socjologii może przydać się do zrozumienia tego, co faktycznie dzieje się w ramach procesów negocjacyjnych. Praca mieści się w tradycji analiz wielopoziomowych, uwzględniających zarówno interakcyjne charakterystyki, jak i wpływ czynników strukturalnych na procesy negocjacyjne. Tak postawionemu celowi został podporządkowany porządek pracy: na początku zostały omówione sytuacje elementarne, w których uczestniczą indywidualne jednostki, następnie negocjacje jednostek w sieciach społecznych, negocjacje reprezentantów grup, stosunki międzygrupowe i, w końcu, miejsce procesów negocjacji w systemach demokratycznych. Złożoność sytuacji negocjacyjnej jest zauważana przez jej uczestników i powoduje dylematy decyzyjne, które "wchodzą" w budowę i kształtują przebieg tej sytuacji. Analityczne ujęcie tej złożoności przez badaczy negocjacji może pomóc w wyjaśnieniu przebiegu działań aktorów oraz końcowych rezultatów negocjacji.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2005, 1(176); 67-91
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Concept of the Aesthetical Representation of the Political Space
Autorzy:
Polanska, Victoria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
political aesthetics
political ethics
political psychology
political symbol
political metaphor
political myth
political ritual
aesthetical representation
political judgment
Opis:
The entity of the aesthetical representation of politics is studied basing on three ontological sources and three methodological views on this process: aesthetical, ethical, and psychological. The essence of the aesthetical presentation of the political sphere and the ways of representing political reality by aesthetical facilities are analyzed. The special concepts of a political symbol, the political metaphor, the political ritual, and the political myth are used in the research to discover the sensual parameters of the political aesthetization as the process and collection of the phenomena.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2016, 18(25); 67-75
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The satirical mode of William Thackeray and Ivan Franko: typological correspondences
Autorzy:
Plavutska, Iryna
Babiak, Zhanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
socio-political satire
comparative-typological analysis
satirical image
satirical typification means
comparative research
opposing trends
object of satirical representation
Opis:
In the article, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the satirical prose of W. Thackeray and I. Franko, focusing on socio-political themes, is carried out for the first time in Ukrainian literary studies, significantly expanding our understanding of the interaction between the works of these artists. The authors systematize theoretical concepts about satire as a literary genre and concentrate on the phenomenon of sociopolitical satire. The research identifies and explores objects of satirical representation in the works of the Ukrainian and British writers. In his works, William Makepeace Thackeray subjected contemporary society to scathing criticism, following the path of truth and nature, employing irony and grotesque to expose various moral and ethical flaws of its representatives, such as feudal privileges of the nobility, subservience to titles, hypocrisy, vanity, and decadence. According to A.M. Khalimonchuk’s calculations, Ivan Franko’s satirical legacy comprises over 30 satirical short stories and sketches, six satirical poems, three comedies, and several dozens of satirical poems. In addition to translating the works of prominent satirists from around the world into Ukrainian, Ivan Franko’s archive contains numerous unfinished satirical works from various periods of his literary career. Ivan Franko’s literary contributions played an equally significant role in the development of Ukrainian national satire as William Thackeray’s works did for British and European satire as a whole. In the article the poetic modes used to create satirical phenomena in Thackeray’s and Franko’s prose are analysed. The hypothesis regarding the possibility of indirect contact-genetic relationships between the works of these authors is put forward.
Źródło:
Pomiędzy. Polsko-Ukraińskie Studia Interdyscyplinarne; 2023, 10(3); 49-54
2543-9227
Pojawia się w:
Pomiędzy. Polsko-Ukraińskie Studia Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Worlds Apart? Political Theorists, Parliamentarians and the Meaning of Unequal Representation
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Łukasz
Dubrow, Joshua K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-09-27
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
descriptive representation
Polska
parliamentarians
constructivist method
political theory
democracy
inequality
survey
Opis:
Although political equality is guaranteed in the Constitutions of modern democracies, few members of disadvantaged groups are parliamentarians. Political theorists, free to imagine varieties of democratic processes, increasingly pay critical attention to this problem and to the idea of representation of social groups by members of these groups, i.e. descriptive representation (DR). Yet, surprisingly few political theorists have asked the parliamentarians themselves how they conceptualize and debate the merits of DR. We use the constructivist approach to explore the meaning of unequal representation by comparing the claims of political theorists to data from a recent survey of Polish parliamentarians.We find that parliamentarians and theorists overlap in many of the basic arguments for and against descriptive representation, but with two major differences. First, parliamentarians embed their arguments in the practicalities of their job to such an extent that it is impossible to meaningfully separate theoretical ideas from their relentlessly practical approach. Second, many parliamentarians have an unyielding faith in existing democratic processes, and believe that the democratic system will, eventually, lead to equal representation. That theorists and parliamentarians inhabit different social worlds is one of the main reasons why so many theoretical ideas on how to improve contemporary democracy are rarely implemented: many of them are simply at odds with the people who are supposed to do it.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 175, 3; 301-314
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Representación mediática de las tres primeras diputadas en Costa Rica (1953-1958)
Media Representation of the First Three Women Deputies in Costa Rica (1953-1958)
Autorzy:
MORALES BEJARANO, Siany
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/486141.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
mujeres
participación política
representación mediática
women
political participation
media representation
Opis:
Este artículo analiza las representaciones sociales que difundió la prensa escrita de las prime-ras mujeres que ocuparon curules en la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica. La elección de esas diputadas introdujo un cambio en los actores políticos y constituyó un reto para los me-dios de comunicación al encontrar a nuevas protagonistas en el escenario político. La estrate-gia metodológica de este trabajo incluye el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y el análisis críti-co del discurso. El corpus lo conforman crónicas, entrevistas, noticias y editoriales que fueron publicados en La República y Diario de Costa Rica durante el lustro 1953-1958. Se halló una escasa representación mediática de las legisladoras producto de la convergencia de varios fac-tores. Por un lado, ese período se caracterizó por una intensa efervescencia política que se trasladó a la producción periodística. En la prensa se buscaba distinguir a los buenos hombres de los malos hombres. Esa práctica situó a los varones como actores centrales; las diputadas fueron citadas si coincidían con la línea editorial del medio, de lo contrario, hubo silencios y omisiones. Además del uso del genérico masculino, la descripción privilegió la dicotomía “nosotros-ellos”. Se hallaron estereotipos, creencias, opiniones, actitudes e ideologías de gé-nero. Hubo apreciaciones cargadas de subjetividad, empleo de adjetivos elogiosos que perpe-tuaron atributos estereotipados. Se reprodujeron roles asociados a la maternidad y se las des-cribió en relación con vínculos familiares, como madres y esposas.
This paper analyzes the social representations disseminated by the newspapers about the first women who occupied seats in the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica. The election of three deputies printed a change in the political actors and constituted a challenge for the media that found new protagonists in the political scene. The methodological approach used the Quantita-tive content analysis and the critical analysis of discourse. Stereotypes, beliefs, opinions, atti-tudes and gender ideologies were found. The corpus is made up of chronicles, interviews, news and editorials that were published in La República and Diario de Costa Rica, during the lustrum 1953-1958. The sparse media representation of the deputies was due to several fac-tors: the 1950s inherited the political tension that triggered the Civil War of 1948, consequent-ly, the description of the events privileged the dichotomy "we-them" (Van Dijk, 1992), the in-tention was to distinguish good men from bad men, according to the optic of the newspaper. This practice placed men as central actors; the women deputies were cited if they coincided with the editorial line of the media, otherwise there were silences and omissions. In addition to the use of the male generic, there were appreciations loaded with subjectivity, the use of com-plimentary adjectives perpetuated stereotyped attributes. Roles associated with motherhood were reproduced, described in relation to family ties, such as mothers and wives.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2018, 21; 49-65
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Myth of Electoral Accountability
O micie rozliczalności wyborczej
Autorzy:
Młynarska-Sobaczewska, Anna
Zaleśny, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31344065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
electoral accountability
electoral process
representation
political reality
rozliczalność wyborcza
proces wyborczy
reprezentacja
rzeczywistość polityczna
Opis:
The article presents scientific research on certain assumptions concerning electoral accountability and provides conceptual insights. The central hypothesis is to demonstrate the illusory nature of accountability for the exercise of power once the electoral process comes to an end. An analysis is made of the character and epistemic value of electoral accountability as a myth – a creation structuring an image of political reality. The research is supported by empirical evidence from contemporary social studies. The purpose of the article is to show that the concepts of representation and accountability in political relations are mythical constructs; such an insight allows us to better understand the false expectations those constructions lead to. The study takes an international approach and contributes to worldwide deliberations on political representation.
W artykule przedstawiono badania naukowe dotyczące założeń dotyczących rozliczalności wyborczej oraz spostrzeżenia koncepcyjne. Główną hipotezą jest wykazanie iluzorycznego charakteru rozliczalności za sprawowanie władzy po zakończeniu procesu wyborczego. Analizie poddano charakter i wartość epistemiczną rozliczalności wyborczej jako mitu – tworu budującego obraz rzeczywistości politycznej. Badania są poparte dowodami empirycznymi ze współczesnych badań społecznych. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, że pojęcia reprezentacji i rozliczalności w stosunkach politycznych są konstruktami mitycznymi. Pozwala to lepiej zrozumieć błędne oczekiwania, do jakich one prowadzą. Przeprowadzone badania mają charakter międzynarodowy i wpisują się w ogólnoświatowe rozważania nad reprezentacją polityczną.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2024, 33, 1; 159-178
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozłamy socjopolityczne w Polsce: iluzja czy rzeczywistość?
Socio-Political Cleavages in Poland: Illusion or Reality?
Autorzy:
Markowski, Radosław
Stanley, Ben
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/427788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rozłam socjopolityczny
lojalność wyborców
stabilność systemu partyjnego
polityczna reprezentacja
konflikty
socio-political cleavage
electoral loyalty
stability of the party system
political representation
conflict
Opis:
Artykuł porusza kwestię teoretycznie ważną, ale empirycznie zaniedbaną, a mianowicie czy dostrzegamy strukturyzacje i konsolidacje polskiego systemu partyjnego. Po ćwierćwieczu demokratycznej praktyki oczekiwanie takie jest zasadne. Odpowiedzi na powyższe pytanie poszukujemy wykorzystując klasyków – teorię rozłamów socjopolitycznych Seymoura Lipseta i Steina Rokkana oraz dorobek ich następców. Wykorzystujemy do tego gromadzone przez ostatnie dwie dekady dane Polskiego Generalnego Studium Wyborczego. Nasze analizy wskazują, że dopiero od roku 2005 możemy mówić o symptomach owej konsolidacji i pojawianiu się objawów polityki rozłamów socjopolitycznych. Konkluzja jest jednak ostrożna – dostrzegamy właśnie symptomy takiej strukturyzacji, natomiast nie twierdzimy, że mamy do czynienia z rozłamami pełnymi, z jakimi mieliśmy do czynienia w Europie Zachodniej w połowie, i nieco później, XX wieku.
This article addresses the important yet neglected issue of whether the Polish party system has become more structured and consolidated. After twenty-five years of democracy, it would be reasonable to expect such an outcome. To answer the question, we based our analysis on the classic socio-political-cleavage theory of Lipset and Rokkan and the work of those who were influenced by them. Our analysis, which makes use of data collected over the last two decades by the Polish National Election Study, shows that it has been possible to discern symptoms of consolidation and the emergence of socio-political cleavages only since 2005. Our conclusions are therefore tentative – we can observe a degree of structuring, but we cannot claim that we have found full cleavages akin to those observed in Western Europe in the second half of the twentieth century.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2016, 4(223); 14-40
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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