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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Ocena zmian dochodów oraz wydatków polskich gospodarstw domowych w latach 2008–2018
    Autorzy:
    Socha, Paweł
    Szynkaruk, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022858.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    struktura budżetu
    gospodarstwa domowe
    zmiany
    otoczenie ekonomiczne
    otoczenie polityczne
    otoczenie społeczne
    otoczenie technologiczne
    budget structure
    households
    changes
    economic environment
    political environment
    social environment
    technological environment
    Opis:
    W ostatnich latach sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce podlegała dynamicznym zmianom. Zmiany te oddziaływały na poziom życia Polaków poprzez wpływ na ich sytuację finansową. Artykuł przedstawia oraz analizuje charakterystykę zmian w strukturze budżetów gospodarstw domowych w latach 2008–2018. Omówione zostały zagadnienia, takie jak poziom dochodów i wydatków, struktura wydatków, tendencja oraz dynamika zmian z uwzględnieniem czynników demograficznych i ekonomicznych. Oprócz przeanalizowania danych dotyczących struktury budżetów gospodarstw domowych, zidentyfikowane zostały również przyczyny odpowiadające za takie, a nie inne kierunki zmian.
    In recent years, the economic situation in Poland has undergone dynamic changes. These changes had an impact on the standard of living of Poles, by affecting their financial situation. The article presents and analyzes the characteristics of changes in the structure of polish household budgets in 2008-2018. Issues such as income and expenditure, expenditure structure, tendency and dynamics of changes, including demographic and economic factors, has been discused in this article. In addition to analyzing the data on the structure of household budgets, the causes responsible for such and not other directions of changes has been also identified.
    Źródło:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2020, 4, 28; 129-147
    2391-6478
    2353-5601
    Pojawia się w:
    Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Political and legal conditions of marketing activity of businesses in the European market
    Autorzy:
    Komor, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    political and legal environment
    European Union conditioning
    euromarketing
    international marketing
    internationalization
    Opis:
    The article tackles the political and legal environment within the borders of the European Union (EU) member states. Determinants of the political and legal environment of the European market were identified on two levels: (1) the framework, i.e. supranational European political and legal conditions; (2) the classical political and legal environment of the EU member states. Afterwards, an analysis of individual factors of the political and legal environment in the aforementioned levels was performed. Four legal areas in the EU states were demonstrated: Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and mixed; three jurisdictional systems were identified: case law, continental and Scandinavian law; and the legal framework of the Union was found to consist of primary legislation, secondary legislation and adjudications of the Court of Justice of the EU. The problem of excessive duration of the administrative procedures, untimeliness and incomplete transposition of directives into the national law of the member states was discussed. It was also brought to attention that the diversity of laws and taxes is still a significant barrier to foreign operations of businesses in the EU internal market. It was also indicated that the integration of European law enables economic entities to perform marketing activities in the European market in the form of a representative office or a foreign branch without legal entity. Finally, it was stated that the factors of the political and legal environment are significantly unified in the supranational environment, while in the classical environment, there are some differences among the EU countries, but they allow for the use of unified marketing concepts, e.g. the concept of euromarketing.
    Źródło:
    Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych; 2022, 44, 2; 1-20
    2353-8414
    Pojawia się w:
    Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changing the character of proxy warfare and its consequences for geopolitical relationships
    Autorzy:
    Ivanov, Zoran
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194383.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    state
    Proxy force
    technologic empowerment
    political relationships
    geopolitical environment
    Opis:
    The main purpose of the article is to examine the causal relationship between key elements of the geostrategic environment (i.e. political, military, and technological) and the changes in the characteristics of proxy force. Qualitative data analysis is used to identify the geopolitical environment conditions, actors, and their relationship. The causal analysis between key elements of the geopolitical environment, such as politics, military, and technological, therefore influences how proxy forces change character. The findings imply that the contemporary geopolitical environment is changing the character of the proxies. They can be used as multipurpose forces depending on the desired strategic outcome. The results advocate that proxies have a global reach beyond the traditional battlefield. These capabilities allow proxies to be used in a wide range of political, economic, and military activities, especially in peacetime, and, therefore, influencing, changing, and damaging the state’s mutual relationships. Despite differences between several theoretical perspectives of security theories, many concur on the low desirability of proxy force. The changing characteristics of proxy war allow state and non-state actors to wage war with a minimal use of force, or none at all, beyond the traditional battlefield. Political violence demonstrated through proxy force to fulfil foreign policy goals has become even more violent. In such action, disregarding the sustainable strategic goal can easily damage the state’s international relations and threaten international and regional stability. The overall findings show the urgency for a more holistic approach in the analysis of proxy warfare as part of security studies and military operations.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 31, 4; 37-51
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gender, Health and Socio-Political Issues in Tanure Ojaide’s The Activist
    Autorzy:
    Simon, Eton Dien
    Worugji, Gloria Eme
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513835.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej. Language and Society Research Committee
    Tematy:
    Gender
    Health
    Hardship
    Socio-Political
    oil Spillage
    Environment Pollution
    Opis:
    For many years, gender issues have continued to dominate discourses locally and globally. It is therefore heart-warming to note that women are providing leadership not only at home but in other spheres of life, be it economic, social or political. The exploration and exploitation of oil in the Niger Delta region has resulted in untold hardship, eco-trauma, bio-terrorism and the general neglect of the area. The debacle associated with oil exploration has affected the people and denied them their traditional occupations. Women are not left out and are confronted with new challenges of violence, health and political issues metted on them by the federal government of Nigeria in collaboration with multi-national oil companies, the army, navy and the police. Lives and properties are lost to gas flares, blow out from oil spillage, environmental pollution etc. Meanwhile, the federal government and multi-nationals grow fat at the expense of the poor. Oil capitalism has brought sorrow and doom to the region, as the Delta remains under-developed. Ojaide’s thematic preoccupation in The Activist is to throw more light on the plight of the Niger Delta people especially the women who face various forms of victimizations like rape, miscarriages, occupational disempowerment, pollution, lose of eyesight and other health hazards. This paper seeks to highlight the role of these women who refuse to be seen as docile and second class as well as their socio-political activism in reversing their predicament. Three theories inform the focus of the paper through it’s characters representation namely; eco-feminism, feminism and the Marxism theories as the women and the masses fought the oil workers and their cohorts to a halt to gain full control of the companies and become employers of labour in the once ravaged, impoverished environment by oil companies. The paper is based on library research.
    Źródło:
    Language, Discourse & Society; 2019, 7, 1; 187-195
    2239-4192
    Pojawia się w:
    Language, Discourse & Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona środowiska kontra rozwój gospodarczy. Teorie środowiskowe i ich wykorzystanie w polityce gospodarczej
    Environment Protection vs. Economic Development. Environmental Theories and Their Use in an Economic Policy
    Autorzy:
    Piotrowska, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/413923.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Ameryk i Europy. Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG)
    Tematy:
    ochrona środowiska
    rozwój gospodarczy
    green political theory
    environmentalism
    Environment Protection
    Economic Development
    Green Political Theory
    Environmentalism
    Opis:
    Artykuł opisuje problem zanieczyszczenia środowiska we współczesnym świecie jako efekt uboczny rozwoju gospodarczego. Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja dwóch teorii politycznych z zakresu ochrony środowiska – Green Political Theory i environmentalism, oraz modernizacji ekologicznej jako możliwości kierowanego przez państwo, kompleksowego rozwiązania problemu ochrony środowiska w procesie rozwoju. Wskazana jest rola kontekstu dla zastosowania wspomnianych teorii, co wykazano na przykładzie USA, Niemiec, Norwegii, Wielkiej Brytanii, państw socjalistycznych, Polski i Unii Europejskiej. Ponadto artykuł zawiera krótką analizę stylów prowadzenia polityki środowiskowej – ekocentryzmu, technocentryzmu, ekoliberalizmu i ekokolektywizmu.
    The following article shows the problem of environmental pollution in contemporary world as an side-effect of economic development. The main aim of the article is to present two political theories of an environmental protection extend – Green Political Theory and environmentalism and ecological modernization as a possibility of solution for the environmental protection problem in the process of development. Action is complex and guided by the state. The role of context is pointed out, which is proved on the example of USA, Germany, Norway, Great Britain, socialist states, Poland and European Union. Additionally, article analyses the directions of environmental policies – ecocentrism, technocentrism, ecoliberalism and ecocollectivism.
    Źródło:
    Studia Regionalne i Lokalne; 2008, 1(31); 96-110
    1509-4995
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The challenging path to establish general practice in an academic environment - the case of the Czech Republic
    Autorzy:
    Seifert, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1739.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu
    Tematy:
    general practice
    primary care
    academic environment
    political change
    clinical work
    scientific paper
    medicine
    Europe
    Czech Republic
    research
    Opis:
    The academic development of general practice (GP) within countries of Central and Eastern Europe began only after the political changes in the 1990s. From a research perspective GP has a reputation for being amongst the least intellectually rigorous clinical disciplines. This has several serious consequences; loss of self-confidence, lack of attractiveness as an intellectual discipline and less application of critical thinking in routine clinical work. The only solution is an effort to develop research in primary care, as this is the ultimate attribute of scientifically oriented disciplines such as medicine. GP research in the Czech Republic has a low level of awareness and support. Its development is slow and faces many barriers; lack of financial resources, lack of leading personalities within the field, lack of ideas, lack of scientific education, lack of experience, and insufficient research capacity. As GPs, we do not have enough skills to write and publish scientific papers. Research is also not recognised as an essential component of GP training. However, research in primary care is developing and here I present several successful research projects within our department. Research has been proposed as a vital agenda towards the new concept of general practice, as recently presented to the government by the Society of GPs.
    Źródło:
    Medical Science Pulse; 2018, 12, 1
    2544-1558
    2544-1620
    Pojawia się w:
    Medical Science Pulse
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The image of the “Russian hacker” and cyberphobia of the “digital environment”
    Wizerunek „rosyjskiego hakera” i cyberfobii „środowiska cyfrowego”
    Autorzy:
    Sidorov, Viktor Aleksandrovich
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    cyberphobia
    “digital environment
    political journalism
    image of the enemy
    Russian hackers
    cyberfobia
    „środowisko cyfrowe”
    publicystyka polityczna
    wizerunek wroga
    rosyjscy hakerzy
    Opis:
    The “digital environment” is perceived as a new situation in the political consciousness of the society, as well as a source of xenophobia in politics. In the context of political uncertainty in the world, journalism is becoming a vehicle for spreading cyberphobia – a new type of social fear. Cyberphobia is understood as a natural reaction of public consciousness to the intensification of new types of crimes against the individual and society with the use of “digital” technologies. The new informational reality has predetermined cyberthreats that appeared in the media leading to the most dangerous social phobia. This, for instance, has been combined with the idea of the “Russian hacker” and his personification as the world Evil.
    „Środowisko cyfrowe” postrzegane jest jako nowa sytuacja w świadomości politycznej społeczeństwa, a także źródło ksenofobii w polityce. W kontekście niepewności politycznej na świecie dziennikarstwo staje się narzędziem szerzenia cyberfobii – nowego rodzaju społecznego strachu. Cyberfobia rozumiana jest jako naturalna reakcja świadomości społecznej na nasilenie się nowych rodzajów przestępstw przeciwko jednostce i społeczeństwu z wykorzystaniem technologii „cyfrowych.” Nowa rzeczywistość informacyjna z góry określiła cyberzagrożenia, które pojawiły się w mediach, prowadzące do najgroźniejszej fobii społecznej. To na przykład łączy się z ideą „rosyjskiego hakera” i jego personifikacją jako świata Zła.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Politologiczny; 2020, 4; 107-114
    1426-8876
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Politologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    To Regulate or to Liberate? Business Development and the Dilemmas of the Authorities Regarding the Shape of Economic Policy in the Years 1989–1995
    Autorzy:
    Kamosiński, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390794.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-03-28
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    political and economic transformation
    ownership transformation
    truck transport
    voluntary insurance against damage caused by natural disasters
    natural environment protection
    entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship
    Opis:
    In the history of Poland, it is very clear that the year 1989 is one of the most distinctive turning points - a final break with the political, social, and economic system built in the period of the Polish People’s Republic, and reinstatement of democracy and free market economy upon the will of the nation. The world had never witnessed a transformation process as large as the one that occurred in Poland after the year 1989. Importantly, this transformation could not be programmed. Therefore, economic policy implemented by governments of the time was constantly amended as problems arose. The course of ownership transformation was monitored. It was observed that the so-called Privatization Act of July 13, 1990 lacked regulations concerning environment protection. Freedom to establish truck transport companies resulted with many anomalies, as it enabled, for instance, the use of trucks in poor technical condition. New regulations in insurance law, which lifted mandatory insurance of production assets against damage from natural disasters, meant that many entrepreneurs decided not to have this insurance. Such was the shape of the economic reality in the first years of the transition, between 1989 and 1995. The state did not want to regulate all aspects of economic life. However, as time went by, politicians and MPs received information from the free market, indicating a need for solutions regulating some sectors of the economy. This article discusses the three aspects of economic life mentioned above, and points out how the governmental and parliamentary strategies towards these aspects of economic life changed in the first years of transformation (1989-1995).
    Źródło:
    Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 113-127
    0081-6485
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Oppression of Ukrainian National Identity by the Soviet Mass Media: Political and Ideological Censorship 60’s and 70’s of the Twentieth Century
    Autorzy:
    Kindrachuk, Nadia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519946.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    Ukrainian ethnic environment
    national consciousness
    the mass media
    political censorship
    the Soviet power
    the totalitarian regime
    the communist propaganda
    an ideological oppression
    denationalization
    Opis:
    This article covers the oppression of Ukrainian national identity by the Soviet mass media, which served as an ideological tool of the communist government on the way of total russification and denationalization of Ukrainians over the 60’s and 70’s of the 20th century; censorship is being studied as one of the methods of state supervision over the control of the release of the mass media in order to restrict the dissemination of the ideas and information that were recognized by the then authorities as “undesirable” or “ideologically harmful”. The destructive role of the mass media in the narrowing of the national worldview of Ukrainians, the prohibition of the Ukrainian word, and the leveling of the national aspect in the Ukrainian ethnic environment in the defined period are highlighted.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Polityka; 2019, 28 (35); 103-110
    1899-5160
    2391-7652
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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