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Tytuł:
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity as Penalizing Criteria of Hate Speech
Autorzy:
Ciepły, Filip Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915230.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
hate speech
sexual orientation
gender identity
penalizing criteria
polish penal law
Opis:
The article contains arguments raised in Polish discussion on the problem of sexual orientation and gender identity as penalizing criteria of hate speech. The Author points out regulations of Polish criminal law providing conditions of criminal responsibility for hate speech and binding criteria of the penalization, draft amendments in this area presented in recent years, as well as Polish legal doctrine or Supreme Court reviews referred to the issue. The background of the analyzes are provisions of international and European law as well as selected European states.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 40, 1; 91-108
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice nieletniości w polskim prawie karnym
The Statutory Age-Limits of Juvenile Delinquenta in Polish Penal Law
Autorzy:
Rdzanek-Piwowar, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698533.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni przestępcy
nieletni
polskie prawo karne
kodeks karny
juvenile delinquents
juveniles
polish penal law
penal code
Opis:
The entering into force on 13 May l983 of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 ended the period of over fifty years of validity of provisions of the penal code of 1932 (Chapter XI) and code of criminal procedure of 1928 (Chapter II of Book XI) which regulated the principles of responsibility of juvenile perpetrators of “acts prohibited under penalty”. Authors of the pre-war legislation, at the first stage of its preparation in particular, intended to make it specific and educational in nature through omission in the treatment of juveniles of the elements of responsibility and punishment. The finally adopted solution was a compromise: responsibility of juveniles have been related to age, discernment, and type of measures applied. With respect to undiscerning juvenile perpetrators of acts prohibited under penalty under the age of 13, and also to those aged 13–17, only educational  measures could be applied (admonition; supervision by the parents, former guardians, or a probation officer; placement in an educational institution) Juveniles aged 13–17 who discerned the meaning of their act were to be placed in a correction al institution; educational measures were to be applied in their cases if the circumstances, the juvenile’s personality or his living conditions made such placement inexpedient. Thus the legislation concerning juveniles remained part of the system of penal law in spite of the special features it started to acquire. That was also the direction, after the war in particular, of interpretation of the legal provisions. As a result, the measures applied to juveniles were given an explicitly educational character. This was done through the relation of those imeasures  to the perpetrator’s personality and not to the act, and through abolition of the institution of discernment. Since discernment. Since mid–1950s, the juvenile courts followed instructions which  changed the legal status of a juvenile. The age limit of penal responsibility of juveniles was set initially at ten and then at 13 years; younger children were not to be brought before the courts unless the case concerned guardianship. Many changes in the post-war provisions were also introduced by means of statutes. They concerned organization and functioning of the system of treatment of juveniles  (strengthening of the role of judge, introduction of the so-called family courts, increased number of probation officers). This way, a socially desirable continuation of the legal tradition was secured by means of reforms which were evolutionary and dictated by the current needs, and without liquidation of the existing structures, tested in the practice of many decades. The new statute adopted many of those changes more or less directly. Setting the upper age limit of juveniles, the post-war penal code of 1969 preserved the principle according to which criminal responsibility is conditioned upon the offender’s age of at least 17 (Art. 9). At the same time, though, Art. 9 made it possible to apply to offenders aged 17 the measures normally designed for juveniles, and to sentence juveniles aged 16 guilty of the most serious crimes to the ordinary but extraordinarily mitigated penalties. The final shape of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 was influenced both by the intent to preserve the developed and tested solutions, and by the discussion that preceded its introduction when optional conceptions of the treatment of juveniles were submitted. The following stages of the thirty-two years’ period of legislative works can be distinguished: – the years 1950–1956; long works on a new penal code were in progress and attempts were made at aggravating the responsibility of juveniles through the introduction of penalties (according to a draft of 1950, penalties were to be imposed on juveniles starting from the age of 12); – the years 1956–1960; in 1956, it was decided to work on a separate statute on juvenil and not within the preparation of a new penal code; a special team of the Codification Commission failed to agree upon a draft of the statute; – the years 1961–65;  no legislative works were formally in progres but two different conceptions were discussed: of inclusion of prevention in the act (which would thus apply to the socially maladjusted juveniles as well) and of introduction of social courts; – the years 1966–1971; attempts were made at partly realizing those conceptions in a succession of draft statutes; – the years 1972–76; the works were conducted by the Ministry of Education which tried to include the problems of prevention of juvenile delinquency and treatment of juveniles in a broader statute called the young generation code; – the years 1977–82 when the works on a statute were again taken over by the Ministry of Justice and a succession of versions of the draft were prepared. The Act of 26 October 1982 on the treatment of juveniles changed the scope of the notion of “juvenile”. According to the statutory definition, juveniles are: 1) persons with respect to whom provisions of  the act apply in the sphere of prevention and control of demoralization; the upper age limit in this category is 18 years, and the lower limit is not specified; 2) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of proceedings in cases of punishable acts; such proceedings can be instituted towards persons who have been aged over 13 but under 17 while committing a punishable act; 3) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in connection with the carrying out of educational or corrective measures; the upper age limit of this category is 21 years. Tlerefore, the statute goes beyond the sphere traditionally reserved for penal law. The aim at making the statute educational in nature is manifested above all by the principle that the commission by a juvenile of a punishable act is not the only condition of the institution of proceedings in the case of that juvenile. The statute sanctions the need for intervention in the early stage of social maladjustment not only in cases where that maladjustment manifests itself in a punishable act. If a juvenile does commit an act of this  kind, his offence is not examined in the categories of guilt and responsibility. This is manifested by the abolition of the criteria of discernment, by the term “punishable act” used to designate an  offence committed by a juvenile, and by the absence of the term “responsibility of juveniles” in the name and provisions of the statute discussed. The statute bases on the assumption of education; its basic notion is demoralization. In its first meaning in which it has been used by the legislator, “demoralization'” is treated as a prerequisite of initiation of proceedings. Were the educational assumptions adopted to the full, commission of a punishable act could and should be treated as one of the symptoms of demoralization, not different in any way from the other symptoms. Assumed in the statute, however, is a special treatment of the juveniles with respecr to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of prevention of demoralization, and in the sphere of control of demoralization. With respect to the latter, provisions of  the statute on  proceedings in cases of punishable acts apply, and with respect to the former – provisions on civil proceedings. The differentiation introduced by the statute (which is not consistent for that matter) results from a specific compromise: a combination of the ideas of prevention and  education with the approach typical of penal law where the legal response is conditioned upon the gravity of the act.  A conflict of the tendencies which clash nowadays all over the world – to preserve the model of treatment of juveniles within the institutions of penal law on the one hand, and to give the statute an educational character on the other  hand – can be noticed in other provisions of the statute discussed as well. In the classical system, the age limits of juveniles were clear and had just as clearly defined functions – they marked out the age of the so-called conditional criminal responsibility, provided discernment could be ascertained. Today, the upper limit of the age of juveniles is usually also the limit of full criminal responsibility, although many legislations provide for an exceptional possibility of imposition of penalties upon the oldest juveniles who commit a crime or a serious offence. The problem of the lower limit is more entangled , the modern legislations adopting several age limits here which results usually from the need to determine different scopes of intervention of the legal provisions in the sphere of juvenile law. Therefore, what still remains an important issue  is for the juvenile law to define an age limit below which provisions of penal law never apply, not even as auxiliaries.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 191-231
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiktymologiczny obraz handlu ludźmi i niewolnictwa na tle prawa międzynarodowego i polskiego prawa karnego
Victimological Picture of Human Trafficking and Slavery in the Light of International Law and Polish Penal Law
Autorzy:
Sitarz, Olga
Sołtysiak-Blachnik, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
handel ludźmi
niewolnictwo
wiktymologia
prawo międzynarodowe
polskie prawo karne
human trafficking
slavery
victimology
international law
Polish penal law
Opis:
In order to understand the essence of the crime, two issues have to be taken into account: not only do we analyse features of the perpetrator, but also the victim’s behaviour. Both measures have to be recognised in the light of their mutual relations. In such a case, victimology is instrumental for criminology. It answers the fundamental question: who and why becomes a victim of a crime? It is victimology that draws our attention to a post-crime victimisation problem in the psychological, social and legal aspects. These issues are particularly vital in the case of human trafficking. First, the victim of the crime has to be defined. Over the centuries, the word ‘victim’ came to have an additional meaning. Nowadays, the legal definition of a victim in many countries typically includes the following: it is a person who suffered direct or threatened physical, emotional or pecuniary harm as a result of the commission of a crime. In the Polish legal system, a legal definition of a victim is given in the Polish Charter of Victims’ Rights, whereas the Polish penal law speaks of an aggrieved party and defines it in Article 49 of the Criminal Procedure Code. However, one fact draws our attention. The aggrieved or those objectively recognised as aggrieved do not agree with such a qualification. Let us take a closer look at the reasons why they see themselves in a different role. There is no doubt that one of the reasons is the fact that victims are often qualified as persons offending the law, as criminals. Another problem, is the victims’ return to their previous life situation, which had led them to being recruited by a human trafficker. We also need to point out that the relations between human traffickers and their victims are extremely complex. However, the key issue is that there is an agreement for a crime. The decision-making processes have to be analysed. The victims of human trafficking find themselves in a situation where they have a considerable limitation of free decision making. One of the major examples reflecting these problems that always takes place in a compulsory situation in the wide sense of this expression is job undertaking which leads to the abuse of the potential worker’s situation. A very specific example is a job agency. The question that appears is when we should speak of an unlawfully acting job agent, and when we can start calling this human trafficking? Is every illegal job agency dealing with human trafficking? What is the difference between these two? And finally when does a worker become a victim and an aggrieved party? What types of slavery and slaves exist today? bounded labour affects at least 20 milion people around the world. People become bounded labourers by taking or being tricked into taking a loan for as little as the cost of medicines for a sick child. To repay the debt, many are forced to work overtime, seven days a week, up to 365 days a year. They receive basic food and shelter as ‘payment’ for their work, but may never pay off the loan, which can be passed down for another generation; eaily and forced marriage affects women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence; forced labour affects people who are illegally recruited by individuals, governments or political parties and forced to work usually under threat of violence or other penalties; slavery by descent is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a group that the society views as suited to be used as slave labour; trafficking involves the transport and/or trade of people: ‘woman, children and men’, from one area to another for the purpose of forcing them into slavery conditions; worst forms of child labour affects an estimated 179 million children around the world in work that is harmful to their health and welfare. Children work on the land, in households as domestic workers, in factories making products such as matches, fireworks and glassware, on the streets as beggars, in the outdoor industry, brick kilns, mines, construction sector, in bars, restaurants and tourist establishments, in sexual exploitation, as soldiers. It seems that pursuant to the Employment and Unemployment Countering Act (Ustawa o zatrudnieniu i przeciwdziałaniu bezrobociu) a model contrary to the one in the act can create a criminological model of modern human trafficking. It would be then running a business to gain financial benefits in the way that the businessperson exploits the position of the aggrieved party and provides the future employer with employees. The latter group, however, even if agreeing to move abroad, becomes completely dependant on the employer which is often combined with a deprivation of liberty, because they have no possibility to choose their place of staying or withdraw from the previous agreement. A number of international regulations, e.g. the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of 2000, the Slavery Convention of 1926 together with a Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery dated l956 show, that the issue under discussion still remains a contemporary problem, and needs regulations aiming at finding relevant solutions. There can be no doubts in the light of the nullum crimen sine lege certa that a precise description of the crime is essential. Only a precise definition of a separate crime of human trafficking will enable to recognise the scope of the problem and will create internationally accepted circumstances to overcome it. Such a definition must include at least: acts: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person; means: threat to use or the use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or a position of vulnerability; purposes: forced labour or services, slavery slavery-like practices or servitude. Everyone, government and non-governmental organisations, must focus on the crime which must be precisely described including a detailed description of a victim. It is highly urgent and important to harmonise all legislative measures in order to prevent human trafficking, which would guarantee an effective protection of victims and prosecution of criminals.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 367-374
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Culture defence a polskie prawo karne
Culture Defence and Polish Penal Law
Autorzy:
Sitarz, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
cultural defence
prawo karne
prawo zwyczajowe
kultura
mniejszości narodowe
polskie prawo karne
Polish Penal Law
cultural offence
culture
minority
culture defence
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 643-652
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz polityki karnej lat osiemdziesiątych i początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych (1980‒1991)
Penal Policy in the 1980s and early 1990s (1980‒1991)
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962416.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
polityka karna
sądy polskie
prawo karne
penal policy
Polish courts
penal law
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 27-105
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judgement of the Supreme Court, dated 17 February 2016 (Ref. no. WA 16/15)
Autorzy:
Kleczkowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
blind bayonets
international criminal law
Penal Code
Polish Supreme Court
unlawful order
Opis:
In its Judgement of 17 February 2016, the Polish Supreme Court adjudicated the case of Polish soldiers accused of crimes committed in the village of Nangar Khel in Afghanistan in 2007. Ultimately, the Supreme Court found that Polish soldiers were guilty of, inter alia, breach of Article 318 of the Polish Penal Code, which stipulates that a soldier commits a crime even when executing an order if he is aware of this crime. However, the part of the judgement devoted to the problem of unlawful orders is very limited and almost completely lacks references to international law. The Supreme Court could have referred to a number of international legal acts, starting from the beginning of 20th century and up to the more recent regulations, including those in the Rome Statute. Moreover, the Supreme Court did not use international case law. As a result, the argumentation of the Supreme Court should be assessed as limited and unconvincing.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 267-276
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kara śmierci w polskim prawie wojskowym 1944–1969
Capital Punishment in Polish Military Law 1944–1969
Autorzy:
Arndt, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
prawo karne, prawo wojskowe, kara śmierci, Kodeks Karny Wojska Polskiego 1944
penal law, military law, capital punishment, Polish Army Penal Code 1944
Opis:
Capital punishment is an exceptional type of penal sanction for the most serious crimes in penal legislation of countries which permit such penalty. In the period of the Second Polish Republic a capital punishment judgement in military penal law was permitted for crimes committed at the time of war, often having negative impact on the combat capacity and morale of a given military unit. Following the example of legislation of the Second Polish Republic, authors of the Polish Army’s Penal Code from 1944 assumed that a capital punishment judgement should apply to extremely serious crimes committed by soldiers, usually “in the field”, in the course of war operations. Inclusion of a chapter concerning political crimes punishable with serious penal sanc- tions (including capital punishment) into the military code of 1944, as well as moving civil cases of people accused of such acts under the jurisdiction of military courts, led to a situation where this code (in judiciary practice since the beginnings of the Polish People’s Republic) became one of the most repressive legal acts, taking into account the number of death penalties adjudged under its provisions.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 1; 15-25
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The practice of applying the provision of Article 297 of the Polish Penal Code
Autorzy:
Gutbier, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-24
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
oszustwo kredytowe
polski kodeks karny
wyroki
orzecznictwo
case law
credit fraud
Polish Penal Code
judgements
Opis:
The aim of the publication is to present the results of research on the issue of the application of the provision of Article 297 of Polish Penal Code in practice and an attempt to evaluate them and an attempt to formulate conclusions. The features characterizing the offense under Article 297 § 1 of Polish Penal Code, which reads as follows: who, in order to obtain for himself or someone else, from a bank or organizational unit conducting similar economic activity under the Act or from an authority or institution with public funds - credit, monetary loan, surety, guarantee, letter of credit, subsidy, subsidy, confirmation by the bank of a liability arising from a surety or a guarantee or similar cash payment for  a  specific  business  purpose,  payment  instrument  or  public  contract,  submit  counterfeit, converted, attesting untruth or unreliable document or unreliable written statement regarding circumstances  of  significant  importance  in  order  to  obtain  the  mentioned  financial  support, payment instrument or order, it is punishable by imprisonment up from 3 months to 5 years. Discussed are also the indications of committing an act consisting in abandoning the notification in Article 297 § 2 of Polish Penal Code, worded as follows: who, in breach of a binding obligation, does not notify the relevant entity of the situation that may affect the cessation or limitation of the financial support referred to in § 1 or the public order or the possibility of further use of the electronic payment instrument. Next,  the  methodology  of  the  research  was  described  in  detail.  The  research  was  of  an  files nature  and  concerned  final  judgments  issued  by  courts  of  second  instance.  The  time  period of  researches was from 2012 to 2016. A purposeful selection was also made due to the legal qualification of the deed on the basis of which the conviction was handed down in the first instance, i.e. the offenses under Article 297 of Polish Penal Code. Then the results of the research were presented and an attempt was made to comment on the results obtained. The conclusions from the research indicated, among others, the cases of lack of correct understanding of the provision, confusion of concepts, unnecessary automatic cumulative classification of the deed, narrowing the use of the instruments mentioned in the provision to credits, loans and subsidies, and many more cases.
Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących problematyki zastosowania przepisu art. 297 k.k. w praktyce oraz podjęcie próby ich oceny i sformułowania wniosków. Opisano znamiona charakteryzujące przestępstwo z art. 297 § 1 k.k., który brzmi następująco: kto, w celu uzyskania dla siebie lub kogo innego, od banku lub jednostki organizacyjnej prowadzącej podobną działalność gospodarczą na podstawie ustawy albo od organu lub instytucji dysponujących środkami publicznymi – kredytu, pożyczki pieniężnej, poręczenia, gwarancji, akredytywy, dotacji, subwencji, potwierdzenia przez bank zobowiązania wynikającego z poręczenia lub z gwarancji lub podobnego świadczenia pieniężnego na określony cel gospodarczy, instrumentu płatniczego lub zamówienia publicznego, przedkłada podrobiony, przerobiony, poświadczający nieprawdę albo nierzetelny dokument albo nierzetelne, pisemne oświadczenie dotyczące okoliczności o istotnym znaczeniu dla uzyskania wymienionego wsparcia fnansowego, instrumentu płatniczego lub zamówienia, podlega karze pozbawienia wolności od 3 miesięcy do lat 5. Omówiono także znamiona popełnienia czynu polegającego na zaniechaniu powiadomienia z art. 297 § 2 k.k., o następującym brzmieniu: kto wbrew ciążącemu obowiązkowi, nie powiadamia właściwego podmiotu o powstaniu sytuacji mogącej mieć wpływ na wstrzymanie albo ograniczenie wysokości udzielonego wsparcia fnansowego, określonego w § 1, lub zamówienia publicznego albo na możliwość dalszego korzystania z instrumentu płatniczego. Następnie została dokładnie opisana metodologia przeprowadzonych badań. Badania miały charakter aktowy i dotyczyły prawomocnych orzeczeń wydanych przez sądy drugiej instancji. Cezurą czasową objęto okres od 2012 do 2016. Dokonano także wyboru celowego ze względu na kwalifkacje prawną czynu na podstawie, którego dokonano skazania w pierwszej instancji, tj. przestępstwa z art. 297 k.k. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań oraz podjęto próbę skomentowania otrzymanych rezultatów. Wnioski z badań wskazały, między innymi, na przypadki występowania braku prawidłowego zrozumienia przepisu, mylenie pojęć, niepotrzebnej automatycznej kumulatywnej kwalifkacji czynu, zawężenie stosowania instrumentów wymienionych w przepisie do kredytu, pożyczki oraz dotacji oraz a wiele innych.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2018, 25; 197-222
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zjawisko wiktymizacji wtórnej: pojęcie, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanie (na przykładzie niektórych polskich regulacji karnych)
Secondary Victimisation: Definition, Causes, Prevention (Example of Selected Polish Penal Regulations)
Autorzy:
Bieńkowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
wiktymizacja wtórna
prawo karne
wiktymologia
powództwo adhezyjne
polskie prawo karne
postępowanie mediacyjne
secondary victimization
adhesion procedure
Polish Penal Regulations
penal law
victimology
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 65-74
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie kodeksy karne okresu międzywojnia
Autorzy:
Bradliński, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/617314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
the Second Polish Republic
Military Penal Code
Penal Code
unification of criminal law
II Rzeczpospolita
kodeks karny wojskowy
kodeks karny
kodyfikacja prawa karnego
Opis:
The lawyers of the Second Polish Republic succeeded in the codification and the unification of criminal law. The most prominent codifiers of this period were J. Makarewicz, A. Mogilnicki, and E. Krzymuski. The Penal Code of 1932, created by those prominent lawyers, is considered to be very polished and detailed to this day. Even the Military Penal Codes of 1919, 1928 and 1932 laid the foundations for the subsequent regulation of this branch of law.
Prawnicy II Rzeczypospolitej odnieśli sukces w zakresie kodyfikacji prawa karnego, unifikując przepisy na terenie całego kraju. Wybitnymi kodyfikatorami tego okresu byli m.in. J. Makarewicz, W. Makowski, E.S. Rappaport, A. Mogilnicki czy E. Krzymuski. Stworzony przez nich kodeks karny z 1932 r. do dzisiaj jest stawiany za wzór sztuki prawotwórczej. Również kodeksy karne wojskowe (1919, 1928, 1932) położyły podwaliny pod późniejsze uregulowanie tej gałęzi prawa.
Źródło:
Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe; 2018, 21, 38
1506-8285
Pojawia się w:
Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orzecznictwo sądów powszechnych na gruncie małego kodeksu karnego w latach 1946-1950 w świetle dotychczasowych badań
The court decision as issued on basis of so called Small Penal Code in 1946–1950 as viewed through prism of recent research
Autorzy:
Siemaszko, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
penal law
Polish People’s Republic
persecutions
jurisdiction
communism
prawo karne
Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
prześladowania
orzecznictwo sądów
komunizm
Opis:
The small Penal Code may be classified among the most repressive acts of Communist penal law. On its basis there were brought to penal responsibility not only the soldiers of independent underground or the activists of opposition groupings but also to individuals not engaged in political struggle. The author discusses the court decisions of the time as made on basis of the discussed Code. While exploring the problem, he relies on the hitherto made research. He draws not only on the literature which was published after the 1989 transformation but invokes also the research that came to being at the time of the binding force of the decree of 13 June 1946 on the offences particularly dangerous in the era of reconstruction of the State.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2012, 5, 4; 343-353
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stanisław Patek and aspects of russian law enforcement in the Kingdom of Poland, 1875-1914
Autorzy:
Gmurczyk‑Wrońska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Stanislaw Patek
Russian law enforcement
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party
Revolution 1905
Russian penal system
Judiciary and Polish lawyers
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2012, 47
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy istnieją granice dozwolonej krytyki. O relacji kontratypu określonego w art. 41 ustawy – prawo prasowe z kontratypem zapisanym w art. 213 k.k.
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowska-Serafin, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
artistic expression
satire
Polish penal code
press law
defamation
wolność ekspresji artystycznej
satyra
prawo prasowe
zniesławienie
kodeks karny
Opis:
Form of an artistic expression, satire has been present in human’s life for ages. It has many varieties and forms. From the very beginning its practitioners have been subjected to the public authorities restrictions and have been getting into trouble with the ones who became objects of the artist projections. In Polish regulation – law, there is a justification of admissible satire, covered by the article 41 of the press law, witch is an extension to the justification of admissible criticism, covered by the article 213 of the polish penal code. However, there is no such thing as justification of art. due to this fact, the artist may be fully liable both for violation of personal rights and the offence of defamation.
Źródło:
Themis Polska Nova; 2016, 2(11); 152-163
2084-4522
Pojawia się w:
Themis Polska Nova
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona życia człowieka w przesłaniu Jana Pawła II w Radomiu 4. czerwca 1991 roku. Refleksja teologicznoprawna
A theological and legal retrospection on preserving life according to John Paul II’s Letter in Radom, 4th of June 1991.
Autorzy:
Kornecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/448175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Konstytucja Rzeczpospolitej
prawo karne
Jan Paweł II
pielgrzymki
życie
the Polish Constitution
penal law
John Paul II
pilgrimages
life
Opis:
U źródeł ochrony życia ludzkiego leży piąte przykazanie zawarte w Dekalogu i potwierdzone w nauczaniu Jezusa Chrystusa w Nowym Testamencie. Jednocześnie troska o życie człowieka oparta jest na zasadzie sprawiedliwości społecznej. Ojciec święty Jan Paweł II między innymi podczas swojej pielgrzymki do ojczyzny w roku 1991 wskazywał na wartość ochrony ludzkiego życia od poczęcia do naturalnej śmierci. Istotne jest, aby prawo stanowione stało na straży ludzkiego życia. Regulacje dotyczące tej kwestii zawarte zostały przede wszystkim w artykule 38 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z roku 1997. Jednak polski system prawny dopuszcza aborcję w niektórych przypadkach. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, iż systemy totalitarne, w tym także komunizm, który w Polsce panował od końca II wojny światowej, łamał zasadę ochrony życia ludzkiego, tym samym sprzeciwiając się piątemu przykazaniu, które nie tylko zawiera zakaz zabijania człowieka – także nienarodzonego, ale i nakaz troski o życie. Wydaje się słuszne, pomimo zmian politycznych i społecznych, przypominanie przesłania ojca świętego Jana Pawła II dotyczącego życia ludzkiego, a skierowanego do rodaków w 1991 roku.
John Paul II’s Letter on his first pilgrimage to the Third Republic of Poland highlighted the quintessence of human being’s life. He pinpointed the agonizing history Poles suffered from during the IIWW, which resulted in many millions of casulties. He insisted on honoring the right to life for the unborn human beings, he also identified the importance of appreciating another human, and, at the same time, highlighted the aspect of righteousness in the sphere of human life. The righteousness is defined as granting the freedom to live, and, therefore, it should influence us, as well as force us to respect their lives. The aforementioned is the foundation of any rights, beginning from the Constitution. John Paul II’s Letter in Radom in 1991 regarding the human right to life still remains modernistic. Wherever is a country with no law restrictions protecting human life of its citizens, those unborn most importantly, there is civilization/nationality at danger, not only form the biological perspective, but from the moral view as well.
Źródło:
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia; 2015, 2(13); 71-82
2080-6604
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socialia Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ANALIZA KULTUROWYCH ASPEKTÓW W NIEMIECKIM PRZEKŁADZIE POLSKIEGO KODEKSU KARNEGO
ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL ASPECTS IN THE GERMAN TRANSLATION OF THE POLISH PENAL CODE
Autorzy:
SIEWERT, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
odmienność kulturowa
przekład tekstów prawnych
polskie prawo karne
przekład na język niemiecki
penal code
Polish
translation
Language of law
legilinguistics
Opis:
Przekład tekstów prawnych i prawniczych jest szczególnym rodzajem transferu kulturowego, ponieważ prawo i jego język stanowią integralną część kultury społecznej. Są one nie tylko rezultatem wielowiekowej ewolucji historycznej, lecz także odbiciem specyficznej wizji i sposobu rozumienia rzeczywistości, którą społeczeństwo organizuje za pośrednictwem określonych instytucji prawnych. Dlatego też oprócz wiedzy specjalistycznej od tłumacza oczekuje się kompetencji kulturowej, która pozwala zidentyfikować elementy kulturowe w tekście wyjściowym i odtworzyć je w tekście docelowym. W poniższym artykule zostanie przeprowadzona analiza wybranych przykładów pochodzących z najnowszego przekładu polskiego kodeksu karnego na język niemiecki pod kątem rozwiązań translatorskich zastosowanych w celu oddania odmienności kulturowych na różnych poziomach tekstu.
 Translation of legal texts is a specific kind of cultural transfer because law and itslanguage are an integral part of social culture. They are not only a result of a centuries-oldhistorical evolution but also a reflection of a specific vision and understanding of the reality whichis organised by the particular society through legal institutions. The translator is, therefore,expected to have not only specialist knowledge but also cultural competence which enables him to identify cultural elements in the source text and to reconstruct them in the target text. The present article intends to analyse selected examples from the newest German translation of the Polish penal code, focusing on translation solutions on different levels of the text in order to reconstruct culturaldissimilarity.
Źródło:
Comparative Legilinguistics; 2014, 17, 1; 131-144
2080-5926
2391-4491
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Legilinguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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