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Tytuł:
Occupational composition of an economy and effective retirement age across European countries: an econometric analysis
Autorzy:
Chybalski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
retirement age
occupation
human resources
policy decision
regression
simulation
Opis:
In this study, panel regression models for 21 European countries and data covering the period between 2008 and 2014 were used to demonstrate that the distribution of working population across different occupational groups explains cross-country differences in terms of the average effective retirement age. Thus, while the great majority of previous studies verified the causal trade-off investigated on the basis of single-country micro data with reference to one economy, this study takes perspective of cross-country diversity in terms of the investigated relationship. The confirmed link holds even when controlling inter alia for health status, education, unemployment, old-dependency ratio, interest rate, GDP per capita, or the share of salaries and wages in GDP. An important practical implication for the policy-makers is that decisions limited only to the increase in the universal pensionable age cannot be effective, since the occupational composition of an economy is very relevant.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2022, 32, 3; 65--79
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Confrontation Between Judicial Activism and State of Exception
Autorzy:
Moura D’Almeida,, Alexandre Pedro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036775.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
judicial activism
state of exception
dictatorship of the judiciary
policy decision
Opis:
The judiciary has excelled in the international and national scene, reaching role of great importance, thus creating opposition to the legislative and executive powers. The center of gravity of the sovereign power of the state moves toward the judiciary, that happens to have a more active role and controlling of the others powers, but also appears as a great defender of social and fundamental rights causes, seeking to make an effective constitution. Its great public notoriety has attracted great distrust of various sectors of society, especially by the two powers that have an increasing interference. Arises, therefore, a speech that the judiciary would be reversing into a big and uncontrollable power, increasing the suspicion that now it would be living in a real dictatorship of the judiciary through judicial activism. There is a growing concern with the expansion of activism and the role of the judiciary. The purpose of this work is to conceptualize and approach the judicial activism and the state of exception to search and reveal if there is any similarity, to then draw up a possible answer to the concern of forming a dictatorship of the judiciary. The state of exception is one of the rule of law paradoxes, while activism is a political manifestation of the judiciary. The similarity between the institutes appears as appalling in a dynamic expansion of political power of a state institution exercising judicial function, putting in check who would be the sovereign in a rule of law and democratic state.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2017, 15; 28-46
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Consultations in Ukraine: Topical Legal Issues
Autorzy:
Gurzhii, Taras
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/680904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
state policy, public administration, decision-making process, good governance, public consultations
Opis:
The article revolves around the genesis and current state of development of the institution of public consultations in Ukraine. It outlines a range of negative factors resulting in the low efficiency of public consultations and determines priority directions in the development of public consultations. Additionally, the article emphasises the necessity of taking complex legal and organisational steps aimed to promote public participation in policy-making processes.
Źródło:
Rocznik Administracji Publicznej; 2017, 3
2449-7800
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Administracji Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Consultations as a Vital Aspect of Effective Cooperation Between the Government and Civic Organisations in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Dorokhina, Yulia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/680978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
state policy, public administration, decision-making process, good governance, public consultations
Opis:
The article revolves around the genesis and current state of development of the institution of public consultations in Ukraine. It outlines a range of negative factors resulting in the low efficiency of public consultations and determines priority directions in the development of public consultations. Additionally, the article emphasises the necessity of taking complex legal and organisational steps aimed to promote public participation in policy-making processes.
Źródło:
Rocznik Administracji Publicznej; 2017, 3
2449-7800
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Administracji Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dividend policy of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Autorzy:
Bogołębska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
dividend policy
share price
investment decision
Opis:
Dividend policy is created and formulated by companies. For this reason, the focus of the analysis is on the message conveyed by the information on the dividend payout, the relationship between the dividend and financial indicators, the continuity of the payout and the amount of the dividend itself. Decisions on the dividend payment include two basic issues: what portion of profits should be paid out over a certain period of time and whether the company should maintain a steady and stable growth rate. If a steady and stable growth rate is maintained, then the level of earnings will increase from year to year. This phenomenon is confirmed by the growing number of companies paying dividends. The purpose of the article is to indicate significant differences in stock prices before the dividend payment and after the dividend payment, and to indicate significant differences in stock prices before the announcement of the dividend right and after the announcement of the dividend right.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2019, 24, 2; 17-27
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are sins of past generations inherited? Theoretical reflections on concepts of collective guilt and collective responsibility along with the analysis of their influence on today’s Germany decision-making
Autorzy:
Polak, Joanna Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Second World War
collective guilt
collective memory
collective responsibility
individuality and collectivity
shameful past
today’s Germany decision-making policy
Opis:
The author of this paper tries to answer the question whether sins, wrongdoings and injustice done by past generations are inherited. The article presents theoretical reflections on the concepts of individuality and collectivity and their relationships; the themes of collective quilt and collective responsibility and the difference between them and the role and importance of collective memory, not only in context of heroic acts but also in the context of shameful past and misdeeds. The scientific theory is compared with empirical research results on today’s Germany decision-making policy in relation to Second World War tragedy. The presented theoretical background and analyzed material gives base to draw conclusions and answer the hypothesis set at the very beginning.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 89; 208-224
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND MIGRATION POLICY: THE ANALYSIS OF POLICY CHANGE
Autorzy:
Radomska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/579548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
MIGRATION POLICY
POLISH MIGRATION POLICY ANALYSIS
SOCIOLOGY OF POLICY
ANALYSIS OF POLICY CHANGE
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Opis:
Numerous studies have been devoted to the analysis of the migration policy of the Polish state. However, the majority of them have focused on the normative analysis of its development without looking at its dynamic and examining it within the theoretical framework of political science. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to overview the available analytical tools which might be useful when characterizing and evaluating the development, directions and aims of the migration policy of the state. Appliance of the proposed analytical tools in the empirical research on the Polish migration policy would enable conceptualization of its dynamic, as well as allow conducting comparative studies.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2012, 38, 2(144); 187-206
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba analizy wahań koniunkturalnych w gospodarce z zastosowaniem algorytmu C4.5
Analyzing the Business Cycles with C4.5 Algorithm
Autorzy:
Latusek, Wojciech
Ożdżeński, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/500184.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Koniunktura gospodarcza, Cykl koniunkturalny, Wahania koniunkturalne, Polityka gospodarcza, Sztuczna inteligencja, Drzewo decyzyjne
Business trends, Business cycles, Business fluctuations, Economic policy, Artificial intelligence, Decision tree
Opis:
An attempt was made to use the decision tree generator and classifier C4.5 developed by J.R. Quinlan to identify typical sequences between various economie variables in the Polish economy. The C4.5 algorithm was used to discover typical sequences in the cyclical change of some component variables of the composite leading indicator for Poland developed by Z. Matkowski and his reference index (generał coincident indicator - GCI). The research was made on full time series of monthly data and on the shortened time series, cut down to cover the same period between January 1987 and December 1997. Empirical pattems of cyclical change established in the study are compatible with the economic significance of individual variables and the expected relationships among them. Some of these rules can be used in short term forecasts of generał business activity.
Źródło:
Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH; 1999, 64; 51-75
0866-9503
Pojawia się w:
Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Typology of think tanks: A comparative study in Finland and Scotland
Autorzy:
Mykkänen, Markus
Freshwater, Neil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
think tanks
decision making
advocacy
policy making
Finland
Scotland
Opis:
This paper provides a comparative analysis of current Finnish and Scottish think tanks and reviews how think tanks in these countries have evolved, how think tanks seek to influence decision making and engage with their stakeholders. To address the ways of influence this paper looks how Finnish and Scottish think tanks describe themselves and how they use publications in their advocacy. Conducted content analysis indicates that usually registered association based Finnish think tanks are generally more research-focused organisations, who overall deploy more research publications for advocacy than the company based Scottish think tanks. Findings also reveal that the number of think tanks in both countries has greatly increased in the last two decades due to the political challenges with European Union and national politics. The paper provides a new approach to study think tanks in national contexts.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 23; 72-90
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patterning as a way to identify and assessment of the exploitation policy of selected technical systems
Autorzy:
Loska, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
exploitation policy
technical network system
taxonomy
exploitation decision-making process
Opis:
The article presents a method of solving the problem of the assessment of the exploitation policy. It was assumed that the evaluation of the exploitation policy can and should be carried out with reference to defined universal patterns. This allows comparability of such a policy, as well as making decisions regarding necessary changes. Therefore, there was proposed a way of building pattern models of the exploitation policy and there was carried out the assessment of the exploitation policies of the selected technical network systems, based on the selected taxonomic model.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2019, 2, 1; 213--223
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wprowadzenie sieci szpitali z punktu widzenia polityki publicznej
Implementation of the Network of Hospitals from the Viewpoint of Public Policy
Autorzy:
Byszewski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1185078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04-02
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
public policy
health policy
legislation
decision-making process
polityka publiczna
polityka zdrowia
legislacja
proces decyzyjny
Opis:
Autor poddaje analizie działania władzy publicznej w świetle zasad wynikających z teorii polityki publicznej w jednym z najważniejszych obszarów funkcjonowania państwa – w systemie ochrony zdrowia. Analiza dotyczy rozwiązania wprowadzającego system podstawowego szpitalnego zabezpieczenia świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej (tzw. sieć szpitali). Zmiana ta weszła w życie w wyniku uchwalenia ustawy z dnia 23 marca 2017 r. o zmianie ustawy o świadczeniach opieki zdrowotnej finansowanych ze środków publicznych. Zdaniem autora upowszechnienie nauk o polityce publicznej i praktyczne zaimplementowanie teorii polityki publicznej mogłoby istotnie wpłynąć na podniesienie jakości stanowionego prawa. Wprowadzenie sieci szpitali jest zmianą systemu realizującą cele, które nie zostały bezpośrednio wyartykułowane w OSR i uzasadnieniu do projektu ustawy. Prawdziwym zadaniem ww. zmian jest ograniczenie konkurencji w ochronie zdrowia i preferowanie państwowej struktury właścicielskiej – poprzez ograniczenie konkurencji między podmiotami leczniczymi. Autor nie neguje w żadnej mierze zasadności wprowadzenia systemu podstawowego szpitalnego zabezpieczenia świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej (dalej PSZ), a jedynie brak upublicznienia wystarczającego argumentarium przemawiającego za jego wprowadzeniem (w tym analizy ex ante, w której zidentyfikowane potrzeby interwencji legislacyjnej byłyby zestawione z propozycjami rozwiązań i środkami, za pomocą których mają zostać osiągnięte).
The network of hospitals was implemented by an amendment of healthcare services financed from public funds. The act was introduced on 1st October 2017. The goals of the new organization of healthcare were not written directly in in the law or in the justification of the draft bill. It is supposed that the Ministry of Health planned through these changes to strengthen public hospitals and limit competition of public financing for private hospitals. The aim of the article is to stress the role of public policy in programming law changes in the future. The implementation of the science of public policy could improve the quality of the Polish law in the healthcare system.
Źródło:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej; 2018, 5, 2(18); 25-36
2391-6389
2719-7131
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The significance of the innovation cycle for better innovation policies for SMES at the firm level: a conceptual proposition
Autorzy:
Nowakowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
innovation policy
innovation cycle
decision-making
decision support
SME
polityka innowacyjności
cykl innowacyjny
podejmowanie decyzji
wsparcie decyzji
Opis:
Introduction/background: This paper’s aim is to contribute to overcoming the limitations of existing policies intended to facilitate innovativeness. This article addresses the need for more tailored and targeted innovation support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to help maximize their economic and societal impact. Aim of the paper: Specifically, the aim is to advance methodological frameworks for segmenting or selecting innovative SMEs by providing a conceptual proposition based on the innovation cycle at the firm level. Materials and methods: This objective is achieved by exploring the literature on the innovation cycle concept, and adapting the model developed by Abernathy and Utterback (the A–U model) for the purpose of innovation policy. Particular phases of the innovation cycle are transformed into variables and values, and based on the research regarding the behaviour of SMEs illustrative weights are assigned; this assignment depends on the preferred policy approach: either supporting innovativeness in and of itself or supporting innovativeness and an SME’s standing in the long run. Results and conclusions: As a result, the paper presents a tentative working procedure for assessing enterprises according to operationalized criteria derived from the A–U model. Added to this, collaborative efforts in developing innovations are briefly discussed from the innovation policy perspective. It is believed that the new conceptual proposition outlined in the paper will be instrumental in segmenting companies and selecting innovative projects, and will serve policy-makers and intervention organizations in the implementation phase of the innovation policy process, thus contributing to a more efficient and transparent allocation of support instruments by public institution.
Źródło:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy; 2020, nr 3; 45-56
1899-6116
Pojawia się w:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving modified policy iteration for probabilistic model checking
Autorzy:
Mohagheghi, Mohammadsadegh
Karimpour, Jaber
Isazadeh, Ayaz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
probabilistic model checking
Markov decision processes
modified policy iteration
probabilistic reachability
Opis:
Along with their modified versions, value iteration and policy iteration are well-known algorithms for the probabilistic model checking of Markov decision processes. One challenge with these methods is that they are time-consuming in most cases. Several techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of iterative methods for probabilistic model checking; however, the running times of these techniques depend on the graphical structure of the utilized model. In some cases, their performance can be worse than the performance of standard methods. In this paper, we propose two new heuristics for accelerating the modified policy iteration method. We first define a criterion for the usefulness of the computations of each iteration of this method. The first contribution of our work is to develop and use a criterion to reduce the number of iterations in modified policy iteration. As the second contribution, we propose a new approach for identifying useless updates in each iteration. This method reduces the running time of the computations by avoiding the useless updates of states. The proposed heuristics have been implemented in the PRISM model checker and applied on several standard case studies. We compare the running time of our heuristics with the running times of previous standard and improved methods. Our experimental results show that our techniques yields a significant speed-up.
Źródło:
Computer Science; 2022, 23 (1); 63--80
1508-2806
2300-7036
Pojawia się w:
Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Siła przekonań - zastosowanie kodu operacyjnego w analizie polityki zagranicznej
The Power of Conviction - The Application of Operational Code in Foreign Policy Analysis
Autorzy:
Umińska-Woroniecka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Foreign policy
Decision proces
Political leadership
Decision making
Politics
Polityka zagraniczna
Proces decyzyjny
Przywództwo polityczne
Podejmowanie decyzji
Polityka
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie kodu operacyjnego w badaniach nad polityką zagraniczną, z perspektywy poziomu jednostkowego decydenta. Przedstawiono w nim konceptualizację kodu operacyjnego jako narzędzia analizy polityki zagranicznej, jego ewolucję i zastosowanie w badaniach procesu decyzyjnego. Ustalenie przekonań składających się na kod operacyjny przywódców politycznych, także dzięki implementacji programów komputerowych, może pozwolić na wyjaśnienie wyborów i decyzji podjętych przez jednostkę w procesie decyzyjnym w polityce zagranicznej. W artykule zawarto studium przypadku, w którym z zastosowaniem narzędzia kodu operacyjnego ustalono system przekonań premiera Wielkiej Brytanii Tony'ego Blaira determinujących jego decyzje podjęte w związku z wojną w Iraku w 2003 r. (abstrakt oryginalny)
The article addresses the issue of operational code in foreign policy studies, from the point of view of an individual decision-maker. It presents the conceptualisation of operational code as an instrument of foreign policy analysis, its evolution and application in studies of the decision-making process. By identifying the convictions that constitute the operation code of political leaders, including through the implementation of computer software, we could explain the choices and decisions that individuals take in the process of decision-making in foreign policy. The article includes a case study in which operation code has been used as an instrument to establish the system of convictions of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, which determined his decisions taken with regard to the Iraq War in 2003. (original abstract)
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2017, 53, 1; 131-148
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the historical policy mixes for Poland using the game approach
Autorzy:
Kruś, L.
Woroniecka-Leciejewicz, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
game theory
economic modeling
policy-mix
decision analysis
Nash equilibrium
Pareto optimality
Opis:
The study here presented pertains to the analysis of mutual interactions of the monetary and fiscal policies in the case of Poland. The historical policies carried out during different periods of time and their economic effects are compared with the possible strategies, obtained from the analysis of the proposed monetaryfiscal game. In the study, the methods of non-cooperative game theory are combined with macroeconomic modeling. The respective game is formulated for monetary and fiscal authorities as players. Strategies of these players refer to the respective instruments of their policies: the real interest rate and the budget deficit in relation to GDP. Payoffs include inflation and GDP growth, respectively. The payoffs are calculated using a recursive macroeconomic model estimated for the Polish economy. The model describes influences of the instruments of the monetary and fiscal policies on the state of the economy. The best response strategies, the Nash equilibria and Pareto optimality are analyzed. Changes of the policies towards the more restrictive or more expansive ones and their effects in comparison to the historically applied are discussed. This is performed for two different time periods – the time of recovery after 2004 and the time of the global financial crisis after 2008.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2018, 47, 3; 277-300
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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