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Tytuł:
Numerical modeling of polarization effects in a plasma at the W7-X stellarator
Numeryczne modelowanie efektów polaryzacyjnych w plazmie stellaratora W7-X
Autorzy:
Bieg, B.
Hirsch, M.
Kravtsov, Y. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
Faraday
Cotton-Mouton
gęstość plazmy
plasma density
Opis:
The interferometer-polarimeter in the stellarator W7-X will operate in the far infrared band in the double passage regime: the electromagnetic beam will be reflected back from a corner cube retroreflector and thus pass through the magnetized plasma twice. Evolution of the polarization state of the beam along the polarimeter sightline in the standard magnetic field configuration of W7-X is analyzed on the basis of differential equations, for traditional polarization parameters – azimuthal angle [psi] and ellipticity angle [chi]. The influence of the Faraday and the Cotton-Mouton phenomena on polarization parameters [psi] and [chi] are analyzed. Calculations are performed for different plasma densities. Finally the potential sources of inaccuracy are considered, such as the shift in the probing beam position.
W interfero-polarymetrycznym systemie diagnostycznym stellaratora W7-X podczerwona wiązka pomiarowa ulega podwójnemu przejściu przez obszar namagnesowanej plazmy. Ewolucja stanu polaryzacji fali elektromagnetycznej, podczas jej propagacji w plazmie o standardowej konfiguracji pola magnetycznego, analizowana jest na podstawie równań różniczkowych, opisujących zmiany tradycyjnych parametrów polaryzacyjnych: kąta azymutu [psi] i kąta eliptyczności [chi]. Przeanalizowano wpływ zjawiska Faradaya i Cottona-Moutona na zmiany wartości parametrów [psi] i [chi] przy różnych gęstościach plazmy w stellaratorze. Zbadano również wpływ przesunięcia przestrzennego pozycji wiązki pomiarowej na obserwowane zmiany polaryzacji fali elektromagnetycznej.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2011, 26 (98); 5-9
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhanced resonant second harmonic generation in plasma based on density transition
Autorzy:
Kant, N.
Thakur, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
second harmonic generation
laser
plasma density ramp
self-focusing
Opis:
Resonant second harmonic generation of a relativistic self-focusing laser in plasma with density ramp profile has been investigated. A high intense Gaussian laser beam generates resonant second harmonic beam in plasma with density ramp profile. The second harmonic undergoes periodic focusing in the plasma channel created by the fundamental wave. The normalized second harmonic amplitude varies periodically with distance and attains maximum value in the focal region. Enhancement in the second harmonic amplitude on account of relativistic self-focusing of laser based on plasma density transition is seen. Plasma density ramp plays an important role to make self-focusing stronger which leads to enhance the second harmonic generation in plasma.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 355-360
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ponderomotive self-focusing of a short laser pulse under a plasma density ramp
Autorzy:
Kant, N.
Saralch, S.
Singh, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
self-focusing
underdense plasma
plasma density ramp
ponderomotive force
short laser pulse
Gaussian beam
Opis:
The ponderomotive self-focusing of a short laser pulse in an underdense plasma under a plasma density ramp is analyzed. The pulse may acquire a minimum spot size due to the ponderomotive self-focusing. Beyond the focus, the nonlinear refraction starts weakening, and the spot size of the laser pulse increases, resulting in an oscillatory self-focusing and defocusing behavior of the beam with the propagation distance. In order to minimize the defocusing, we introduce a localized upward plasma density ramp. Due to the upward plasma density ramp, the laser beam retains a minimum spot size. Self-focusing becomes stronger with a mild ripple as the propagation distance increases. The conditions for the ponderomotive self-focusing for suitable parameters of the laser beam and the plasma are determined. The plasma density ramp of the considered type may be observed in gas jet plasma experiments.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 149-153
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of optical spectra recorded during DPF-1000U plasma experiments with gas-puffing
Autorzy:
Zaloga, D. R.
Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
Kubkowska, M.
Ladygina, M. S.
Malinowski, K.
Kwiatkowski, R.
Sadowski, M. J.
Paduch, M.
Zielinska, E.
Makhlaj, V. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron density
gas-puff
optical spectrum
plasma focus
plasma stream
Opis:
The results are presented of the optical spectra measurements for free plasma streams generated with the use of the modifi ed DPF-1000U machine. This facility was recently equipped with a gas injection system (the so-called gas-puff) placed on the symmetry axis behind the central opening in the inner electrode. The DPF-1000U experimental chamber was fi lled up with pure deuterium at the initial pressure of 1.6 or 2.4 mbar. Additionally, when the use was made of the gas-puff system about 1 cm3 of pure deuterium was injected at the pressure of 2 bars. The gas injection was initiated 1.5 or 2 ms before the triggering of the main discharge. The investigated plasma discharges were powered from a condenser bank charged initially to 23 kV (corresponding to the energy of 352 kJ), and the maximum discharge current amounted to about 1.8 MA. In order to investigate properties of a dense plasma column formed during DPF-1000U discharges the use was made of the optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra were recorded along the line of sight perpendicular to the vacuum chamber, using a Mechelle®900 spectrometer. The recent analysis of all the recorded spectra made it possible to compare the temporal changes in the electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream for discharges without and with the gas-puffing. Using this data an appropriate mode of operation of the DPF-1000U facility could be determined.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 309-314
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calorimetric studies of the energy deposition on a material surface by plasma jets generated with QSPA and MPC devices
Autorzy:
Chuvilo, A. A.
Garkusha, I. E.
Makhlaj, V. A.
Petrov, Y. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
quasi steady-state plasma accelerator (QSPA)
energy density
heat load
plasma streams
plasma-surface interaction
Opis:
Studies of the energy deposition by plasma jets incident on a material surface are of topical interest for both the fusion and plasma technology applications. In this paper the results are reported of a comparative study of plasma energy deposition on different material surfaces exposed to plasma jets of various duration and energy density, generated using the QSPA Kh-50 and the MPC devices. The spatial distribution of plasma energy density and the heat load on the surface were measured with a movable calorimeter. The measurements demonstrate that in the case of an exposure to QSPA plasma jets the absorbed heat load is approximately equal to 55-60% of the energy in the incident plasma jet. In the case of plasma jets generated using the MPC device the heat load on the target surface and was practically the same as for the QSPA jets, and additional shielding effects were found to be negligible due to the short duration of plasma jets.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 1; 49-53
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A fusion-fission hybrid reactor driven by high-density pinch plasmas
Autorzy:
Zoita, V.
Lungu, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
CANDU
high-density pinch
hybrid reactor
plasma focus
Opis:
A conceptual design for a 200 MW hybrid fusion-fission reactor to be used as a heat source for district heating has been developed. The fission, heat-generating blanket is based on the CANDU reactor technology, while the fusion fast neutrons are provided by a high-density, pinch plasma. The basic assumption regarding the fusion neutron source is that in a pinch plasma (high-density Z-pinch and plasma focus configurations have been considered) a fusion power level of 10 MW can be achieved. An outstanding feature of the design is that no active components are necessary within the reactor containment area, all the hybrid system control being ensured by the fusion component of the reactor.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 81-84
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling of planar plasma diode
Autorzy:
Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L.
Samarakoon, A. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412368.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Plasma diode
plasma boundary
current density
Particle-In-Cell simulation
anode cathode gap
potential field
Opis:
To investigate the dynamics of a planar plasma diode system (PDS), a model based on the current density equilibrium at the interface was developed. The current densities and plasma boundary variations with the potential fields were obtained by simulating a single square pulse. The variation of an observed overshoot current density with the applied voltage is presented. Planar plasma diode system was also simulated for periodic, sine, square, triangular and saw tooth voltage patterns by varying the amplitude and frequencies. A method to find the lower bound of the electron density of plasma for a specified PDS is presented. Particle-In-Cell simulation technique was used to investigate the plasma particles and electric field distributions over the anode cathode gap for different intensities of external electric fields. The system became stable after few time steps and this time depends upon the intensity and polarization of the external field.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 8, 3; 220-242
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method for the determination of spatial electron density distribution in great Plasma-Focus devices
Autorzy:
Kasperczuk, A.
Paduch, M.
Pisarczyk, T.
Tomaszewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147148.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
bremsstrahlung radiation
electron density distribution
frame optical camera
plasma-focus device
plasma radiation intensity
shadowgraphy
Opis:
Determination of the electron density of plasma generated in a great plasma-focus device by means of interferometry is very difficult or sometimes impossible. In order to determine spatial electron density distributions of plasma in a PF-1000 device, a special method was prepared, with the use of plasma images obtained by means of both an optical frame camera and shadowgraphy. Analysis of plasma radiation in the very narrow Äë = 60 Ĺ optical range allowed us to determine the relation between intensity of the plasma radiation and the electron density. It was also shown that the influence of electron temperature on plasma radiation is not large. The presented method allowed us to obtain spatial electron density distributions of plasma (in relative units) in the PF-1000 device. By means of this method a number of important information about the plasma-focus phenomenon was obtained.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 1; 23-26
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study of a small gas-puff Z-pinch device
Autorzy:
Luo, C.
Wang, X.
Zou, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Z-pinch plasma
plasma diagnostics
multi-frame interferometry
electron density
energy spectra of ion beams
Opis:
A small gas puff Z-pinch device has been constructed and operated. The device has the parameters: the capacitance of energy storage capacitors 16 mi F, charging voltage 22 kV, peak current 210 kA and a quarter of current period 2.4 mi s. A three-frame Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a compact Thomson ion energy analyzer were developed for Z-pinch plasma experiment. According to the results of diagnostics, the electron density ne of the plasma right before pinch instant is larger than 5.4 × 1019/cm3, the corresponding pinch velocity v of the plasma sheath is 9.0 cm/ěs. Clear parabolas produced by neon ions Ne+, Ne2+, Ne3+ and Ne4+ on CR-39 target have been observed. The energy spectra dN/dTdů for Ne+, Ne2+, Ne3+ and Ne4+ ions were determined. The highest energies of Ne+, Ne2+, Ne3+ and Ne4+ ions emitted from our Z-pinch plasma are below 1.3 MeV.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 43-46
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
Autorzy:
Ladygina, M. S.
Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
Zaloga, D. R.
Malinowski, K.
Sadowski, M. J.
Kubkowska, M.
Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
Paduch, M.
Zielinska, E.
Miklaszewski, R.
Garkusha, I. E.
Gribkov, V. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
DPF-1000U
electron density
gas puffing
plasma stream
tungsten
Opis:
In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Controlling the plasma electron number density of copper metal using NIR picosecond laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Fikry, Mohamed
Tawfik, Walid
Omar, Magdy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
picosecond
LIPS
laser induced plasma spectroscopy
copper
electron density
Stark broadening
Opis:
In this paper, we investigate a new method to control the plasma electron number density of copper metal using a near-infrared (NIR) picosecond Nd:YAG laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) technique. The applied laser parameters are as follows; laser pulse energy and intensity varied from 29.2 to 59.4 mJ ± 3% and from 6.01×1010 to 12.35×1010 W/cm2 ± 5%, respectively, for a single pulse at 170 ps pulse duration, and beam diameter about 0.5 ± 0.1 mm. By considering the Stark broadening of a specific spectral line, electron density can be calculated using a neutral copper line at 521.8 nm, assuming the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition. The observed electron density values were 1.09×1016, 2.24×1016, 3.60×1016, and 4.75×1016 cm–3 for the laser pulse energies 29.2, 41, 52.4, and 59.4 mJ, respectively. The plasma electron density values are increased with the increase in laser pulse energy. Such findings were interpreted due to an increase in the mass ablation rates with laser pulse energy. The obtained results explore the ability to control the plasma electron density by controlling the picosecond pulse energy. These results can contribute to the development of plasma technologies and their applications in many fields.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2021, 51, 3; 365-374
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dense magnetized plasma and its applications: review of the 3-year activity of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme
Autorzy:
Gribkov, V.
Malaquias, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense magnetized plasma
ion beams
plasma beams
neutron beams
X-ray beams
irradiation
high energy density
volumetric interaction
Opis:
A review of the results received in the course of fulfillment of the International Atomic Energy Agency Co-ordinated Research Project “Dense Magnetized Plasma” for the last 3 years is presented. Niche of the plasma type within the plasma physics field is outlined. Efforts of the CRP participants concentrated on design and operation of new Dense Magnetized Plasma devices are described. All of them designed for plasma heating and for other applications mainly based on the interaction of radiations generated by the devices with different objects. Materials exploitable, diagnostics of the interaction processes, as well as analytical equipment used by the participants to process the irradiated targets are described. Works developed in the frame of the CRP are covered thermonuclear fusion applications, fundamental plasma physics and material science issues, medicine, biology, and some other spheres. New data on the interaction of the radiations generated in this apparatus with various materials are given. E.g. it was found that the necessary dose producing activation/inactivation of enzymes can be much lower if used at a high-power flux density in comparison with those received with classical sources. All these experiments are discussed in the framework of pulsed radiation chemistry in its perfect sense thereto the criteria are formulated. New foreseen applications of DMP devices mainly based on neutron radiation are proposed and discussed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 5-13
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Zno Nano Material Interaction With Nd:YAG Laser Under Vacuum
Autorzy:
Hussam, N. Mohammed Ali
Yahya, Abdulkreem Salman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Langmuir probe
Nd:YAG laser etching
Plasma generation
ZnO nanomaterial
electron density
electron temperature
Opis:
The goal of this paper is to study the Nd:YAG laser interaction with the ZnO nanomaterial by etching the ZnO nanodisc surface. The preparation of ZnO nanodisc is studied also and the setup which we use in previous experiment published in the (IJRRR, Vol. X, Issue 1, March 2017) is used also. The interaction is done under vacuum conditions with high pressure in the range of (10-3) Tor. The main target of the paper is to study the plasma generated from the etching of the ZnO nanodisc by Nd:YAG laser.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 72; 248-255
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved adhesion and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in cultures on polyethylene modified by plasma discharge
Autorzy:
Parizek, M.
Kasalkova, N.
Bacakova, L.
Kolarova, K.
Lisa, V.
Svorcik, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
biomateriały
inżynieria tkankowa
Ar plasma discharge
high density and low density polyethylene
cell adhesion
cell proliferation
vascular smooth muscle cells
biomaterials
tissue engineering
Opis:
The attractiveness of synthetic polymers for cell colonization can be affected by physical and chemical modification of the polymer surface. In this study, high density polyethylene (HDPE, m.w. 0.952g/cm3) and low density polyethylene (LDPE, m.w. 0.922g/cm3) were modified by an Ar plasma discharge using Balzers SCD 050 device (exposure time 10, 50, 150 and 400 seconds, discharge power 1.7W). The material was then seeded with rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC; passages 8 to 9, 17 000 cells/cm3) and incubated in a DMEM medium with 10% of fetal calf serum. On day 1 after seeding, the number of initially adhered cells was significantly higher on all modified HDPE and LDPE samples. On day 2, this difference persisted in HDPE, whereas in LDPE only the values on the samples modified by 150 and 400 seconds were significantly higher. On the 5th and 7th day, there were no significant differences in cell number among all LDPE samples. However, on the HDPE foils, significant differences were still apparent on the samples modified for 400 seconds. The cell spreading areas measured on day 1 after seeding were significantly larger on all modified LDPE samples, and, on day 2, on the HDPE samples exposed for 150s. The increased cell colonization was probably due to the formation of oxygen-containing chemical functional groups in the polymer. These results suggest that the responsiveness of the cell to the changes in physiochemical surface properties was more pronounced in HDPE than in LDPE. On both types of polyethylene, the most appropriate exposure time for the enhancement of cell adhesion and growth seemed to be 150 and 400 seconds.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2007, 10, no. 67-68; 1-4
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma streams in PF-1000 experiments
Autorzy:
Jakubowska, K.
Kubkowska, M.
Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
Malinowski, K.
Marchenko, A. K.
Paduch, M.
Sadowski, M. J.
Scholz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense plasma focus (DPF)
optical emission spectroscopy
deuterium Balmer series
Ar II lines
electron density
Boltzmann plot
Opis:
The optical spectroscopy in the visible range was used to determine properties of the dense magnetized plasma generated in the PF-1000, a 1 MJ plasma focus device operating in the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw, Poland. The experiments were performed in a vacuum chamber pumped out to the basic pressure of 2 x 10.5 hPa. The initial pressure of the pure deuterium filling was 2.9 hPa, while that of the deuterium--argon mixture was 1.07 hPa of D2 and 0.13 hPa of Ar. The deuterium-plasma emission contained the Balmer series (Dalfa, Dbeta and Dgamma) and a few distinct copper (Cu I) lines originating from the inner electrode material. The emission of the deuterium-argon plasma was rich in Ar II lines. The electron density (ne), averaged over line of sight, of order of 1016 cm.3 was calculated on the basis of the Dalfa and Dbeta emission only, because the D�ż line was strongly self-absorbed. A group of the Ar II spectral lines was used to estimate the excitation temperature (Texc = 3 eV) by means of a Boltzmann plot. Additionally, the temporal evolution of the electron density was determined on basis of the Stark broadening of the Dalfa and Dgamma lines.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 125-129
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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