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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 360
Tytuł:
Krótka historia długo obowiązującego dekretu, czyli o tzw. małym kodeksie karnym
Autorzy:
Maksimiuk, Diana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
small penal code; penal law
Opis:
The decree from 13 June 1946 on crimes especially dangerous in the period of rebuilding state was one of may penal acts passed after 1944. They were passed to protect new political regime and to realize its goals. It is known as „small penal code“. It played important role to stabilize communist rule in Poland. It was supposed to be in power only in the period of „rebuilding“ the state, but in fact it was in power till 1970 (with small changes), when new penal code was introduced. Even major political turnover of 1956, when the code was strongly criticized, did not lead to abolish this extremely restricted decree.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2010, 9; 83-93
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Règles du droit pénal polonais dans la période de l’entre-deux-guerres
Polish Penal Law in the Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Małecki, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/926213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
penal law
penal code
history of penal law
Julian Makarewicz
capital punishment
codification of law
Opis:
After the rebirth of the Polish state in 1918 there were several post-partition criminal acts in force. Established in 1919, the Codifi cation Commission was to develop a uniform civil and criminal law. One of the tasks accomplished by the Commission was the substantive criminal law. The modern Code of 1932, developed among others by Julian Makarewicz, was one of the outstanding projects prepared by leading criminal law scholars of the interwar period. It comprehensively introduced the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. It included innovative solutions, including elements of the sociological school of criminal law, as well as a concisely regulated individual responsibility of the instigator and accomplice.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2013, 6, 1; 45-50
2084-4115
2084-4131
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka karnoprawnej ochrony życia i zdrowia w oparciu o przepisy prawa żywnościowego
Penal liability based on food law regulation
Autorzy:
Raczek, Klaudia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
food law
penal law
penal liability
health and life
Opis:
The article attempts to shine a light on criminal law concerning Food Law. The point is to place the policies, regulations to protect the life, health issues in the Polish legal system. It focuses on Criminal liability for the production or marketing of harmful foodstuff and shows issues related to aspects underlining the problem. It also deliberated proposed changes in modifying food law to provide guarantees related to the application of criminal sanctions and to achieve necessary standard of democracy in criminal policy. It reveals significant issues with food quality (issues in food policy).
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2018, 16; 233-244
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Historyczne odrębności rozwoju prawa karnego na Łotwie
Autorzy:
Terehovich, Vladimirs
Nimande, Elita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Latvian penal law
Opis:
Penal law on Latvian territories was influenced by the law of states, which were go- verning this land. You can observe German, Danish, Polish, Swedish legal acts being in force there. From the beginning of 18th century the influence of Russian law was becoming stronger and stronger. All important Russian penal codes were in force in Latvia. Among them the most important was the 1903 penal code. It has been in force in independent Latvia for many years and influenced constructions of 1933 Latvian penal code. In 1940 Latvia was occupied by Soviets and was included into USSR as a Soviet republic. Soviet penal regulations were in force in Latvia. Even now former Soviet legal doctrine has big influence on penal law in independent Latvia.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 13-27
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orzecznictwo kary śmierci jako element polityki karnej w wybranych państwach świata na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
The caseplaw of the death penalty as a part of the penal policy in selected countries of the world in the 19th and 20th century
Autorzy:
Jurczyk, Marcin
Jędryszek-Geisler, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1939789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyźnie w Londynie
Tematy:
capital punishment
social policy
penal code
execution
penal policy
Opis:
The paper presents the attitude of society towards capital punishment during dizerent historical periods and describes the development of philosophical and moral thought regarding the death penalty. It outlines the history of capital punishment in Poland based on various legal norms set out in penal codes of the time. ese are used to investigate the types of crime that carry the death penalty and their number which changed over the years due to signicantly dizerent penal codes applicable in dizerent years. e paper also discusses basic legal acts on the right to life. It presents countries that retain capital punishment, countries that have abolished it and countries where the death penalty is permitted only under military law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO; 2019; 65-87
2052-319X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat zmiany ustawy – Kodeks karny
Legal opinion on an amendment to the Act – Penal Code
Autorzy:
Sakowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Penal Code
genocide
Opis:
The author argues that the proposed provisions of Article 126c of the Penal Code – inasmuch as it penalizes the person who publicly and contrary to facts denies the crimes of genocide – should be assessed negatively. The expert points out that the content of the above-mentioned provisions is partly covered by personal and material scope of regulation of the current provisions of Article 55 of the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance as it concerns the denial of the crime against peace, humanity. He also claims that the proposed provisions concerning the offence of negationism, by making reference to “act of genocide” (whose elements are specified in Article 118 of the Penal Code), provides for too broad scope of penalization.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 4(36); 181-190
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Główne kierunki polityki karnej realizowanej przez kolegia do spraw wykroczeń w latach 1972–1989
The Main Directions of Penal Policy Pursued by Transgession Boards in the Years 1972–1989
Autorzy:
Szumski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698530.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
polityka karna
środki karne
wykroczenia
penal policy
penal measures
contraventions
Opis:
The paper characterizes the evolution of penal policy with respect to per peetrators of transgressions, pursued in Poland by elected agencies attacbed to the state administration and called “transgression boards”. In the years 1972–1989, their decisions were supervised by the Minister of Internal Affairs. Most of the discussion, based on statistical materials, concerns changes in the structure and dynamics of penal measures applied by the boards. The measures have been defined as all legal reactions applicable upon the finding the perpetrator’s guilt. The present paper does not deal with all of those measures, though: for lack of statistical data, tukets imposed by the penal prosecution agencies and the possible reactions on part of those agencies if they renounce moving the case to the board for punishment according to the principle of  expediency of prosecution could not be discussed. Penal policy has been characterized against the background of amendments introduced in the period under analysis and of instructions issued by the Minister of Internal Affairs that shape the boards’ decisions. After 1982, such instructions usually aimed at aggravating repression. The statutory catalogue of penal measures contained in the transgressions code is relatively extensive. The most severe measure is detention which amounts to deprivation of liberty for up to 3 months. As stated in the code, it should be applied in exceptional cases only. In the first decade of validity of the code, detention was imposed in l–l.5 % of all decisions which meant the deprivation of liberty of 9,00–10,000 persons. It is therefore doubtful whether detention was indeed treated as an exceptional measure by practicians. In the next years, it was imposed much less often. The penalty of suspended detention played any role in the practice of transgression boards. As shown by studies, those who applied law  treated suspended detention as a separate penal measure to replace other measures not involving deprivation of liberty rather than a way of limiting the use of immediaste detention. Also disappointed were the  expectations related to another new measure, formally more severe than fine, that is limitation of liberty which was to “educate through work”. According to the legislators’ assumptions, that penalty was to  be the main alternative to detention; in practice, it was imposed rather often  (about 5% of all measures applied) but served mainly as a substitute for fine. The basic measure applied to perpetrators of transgressions was fine, imposed on 90% of cases of those punished by the boards. According to provisions of the Transgressions Code, though, a substitute penalty of detention can be imposed in the case of justified doubts as to the possibility of execution of fine. For this reason, it was found advisable in the present analysis to treat this form of fine as a measure different in quality from fine imposed without a substitute penalty which could in no case lead to imprisonment. Also research findings encouraged the treatment of these two kinds of fine as separate penal measures: the substitute penalty was treated in practice as a specific method of aggravating repression, and imposed in defiance with provisions of the Code. Owing to this approach it could be evidenced that the proportion of fines combined with the threat of deprivation of liberty (another measures designed as exceptional) went up rapidly in mid-1910s to become stabilized at about 20% of all decisions of the  transgression boards. The abuse of that measure, also designed as exceptional, was accompanied mainly by less frequent fines without a substitute penalty. At the same time, the proportion of the two most lenient measures, that is admonition and renouncement of inflicting punishment, went down regularly and amounted to a mere 2% of decisions despite the broad applications of those measures contained in the Code. This reflects the practicians’ tendency to use the aggravating legal solutions much more often than those which mitigate penalty; this led to increased repressiveness of penal policy. Beside the above-mentioned reactions, the Transgressions Code provides for a number of measures called additional penalties which are to accompany the principal ones. They can also be applied as self-standing measures in specific situations. Yet the agencies that apply law never availed themselves of this latter possibility. Instead, additional penalties were lavishly imposed (particularly the witholrawal it driving licence and the penalty of making the sentence publicly known) which led to accumulation of repressions suffered by the punished person. This is why the serious growth in the number of additional penalties, after the legal changes introduced in mid-l980s and instructions issued by the Minister of Internal Affairs in particular, was still another proof of the aggravation of penal policy with respect to perpertrators of transgressions. Characteristically, the Polish Transgressions Code combines the application of some of the non-custodical measures with the threat of deprivation of liberty in the case of failure in the execution of those measures. This concerns the above-mentioned fine but also, in definite conditions, the limitation of liberty and suspended detention. In practice, the threat of imprisonment was used very often, the total proportion of the three above measures becoming stabilized, after an initial growth, at about 20–25% of decisions which mainly resulted from excessive imposition of fines with a substitute penalty of detention. Most importantly, though, that threat was realized with respect to every fifth or sixth person in that group. As a result, the average of 20–25 thousand persons a year were imprisoned despite the fact that a measure not involving deprivation of liberty had originally been applied to them. A paradoxical situation arose where persons sentenced to the principal penalty of detention constituted a small percentage of those imprisoned by force of decisions of the transgression boards, while most served a substitute penalty due to a failure in the execution of the previously applied non-custodial measure. Still another expression of the growing repressiveness of penal policy was the greater and greater involved in the most frequently imposed penalty of fines in both of its forms: due to amendments of the Transgressions Code, the amound of fine went up a quicker pace than the average wages in socialized economy during most of the 1980s. A statutory solution concerning transgression that was most vehemently critized by the doctrine was the most limited judicial supervision over  decisions of the transgression boards. The appel instance were boards of  the second instance; only decisions imposing detention and limitation of liberty could be appealed against to the court. Thus judicial supervision concerned neither the substitute penalties which involved deprivation of liberty nor the most acute ban on driving motor vehicles. Meanwhile as shown by experimental findings, 6–15% of persons punished by the boards were acquitted by the court to which they complained, and a non-isolation measure was  substituted for deprivation of  liberty in over one-third of the cases. This shows that courts saw decisions of the boards not only as essentially defective but also as excessively repressive. This latter conclusion is rather symptomatic the fact considered that penal policy pursued by courts with respect to offenders was sewere, too. What has also to be stressed when characterizing the decisions in cases of transgressions is the frequent use of the statutory possibility of deciding in expedited proceedings and proceedings  by writ of payment. From the viewpoint of rational penal policy, that tendency deserves to be criticized as protection of the defendant’s basic processual guaranties suffers statutory limitation in those modes of procedure, and the speed and simplification of proceedings affect the individualization of punishment. Also of importance was the fact that the frequent decisions in expedited proceedings served as a specific form of aggravation of represion since – as shown by research findings – the penalties imposed in that mode were more severe than in the ordinary proceedings. Analysis of the evolution of decisions of the transgression boards has led to the conclusion that throughout the period under analysis, penal policy was regularly aggravated which was largely influenced by punitive instructions of the Minister of Internal Affairs. The only periods of mitigation of penalties were  the years 1981 and 1989: this resulted mainly from social conflicts and public opinion pressure on reduction of repressiveness of the penal system. For this reason, the 1989 amendment of the Transgression Code, forced by systemic changes, which deprived the Minister of Internal Affairs of his original control over decisions of the transgression boards and submitted all of those decisions to judical review brings the hope for liberalization and rationalization of penal policy in cases of transgressions.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 107-131
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Katalog środków karnych w świetle nowelizacji kodeksu karnego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zakazu prowadzenia pojazdów
Autorzy:
Valeri, Vachev,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
penal measures
interdiction to driving vehicles
amendment to the Penal Code
Opis:
This article focuses on presenting the changes implemented to the systematics of penal measures resulting from the amendments made to the Penal Code in 2015. The author pays particular attention to the legislator’s decision to remove confiscation, obligation to pay damages/compensation and punitive damages contained in the catalogue of penal measures in art. 39 of the Penal Code and transferring them to a new chapter „Va” of the Penal Code, which thereby differentiates two new categories of penal measures. The main part of the text concentrates on presenting and analysing the implemented changes within the scope of the regulation of penal measures with regards to the interdiction on driving vehicles (art. 42 of the Penal Code), which are primarily based on extending time limits and the grounds to impose this measure.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 65; 109-120
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wacław Makowski o radzieckim prawie karnym
Autorzy:
Mohyluk, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Soviet penal law, sovietology
Opis:
Wacław Makowski (1880–1942) was an outstanding Polish politician, lawyer and scientist. He was one of the authors of the 1932 criminal code and of Polish constitution of 1935 (so called April Constitution). His scientific interests included also Soviet penal law. He wrote the preface to Soviet Penal Code of 1927 (Kodeks karny Rosji Sowieckiej 1927, Warszawa 1928). His critical remarks on Soviet penal law, although not very spacious, are important, because he questioned common opinion in the scientific Western world about this law. He criticized opinion that Soviet penal law was based on views of the Italian school of positive law. He started the discussion on Soviet penal law in Polish jurisprudence. This discussion seemed to be very interesting, but it was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 85-94
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowelizacje kodeksu karnego w zakresie zatarcia skazania
Autorzy:
Anna, Zientara,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
expungement
penal code
amendment
Opis:
The article discusses and evaluates changes in the institution of the expungement introduced by the Act of 20th February 2015 and Act of 11th March 2016. The most important change includes shortening the deadlines for expungement to a fine and restriction of liberty. Moreover nowadays all penal measures stated for life may be recognized executed. This solution allows erasing such conviction.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 65; 189-202
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena propozycji zmiany ustawy – Kodeks karny w zakresie penalizacji czynów polegających na umieszczaniu w miejscu publicznym do tego nieprzeznaczonym podpisu, rysunku lub napisu bez zgody zarządzającego tym miejscem
Assessment of the proposed amendment on the Penal Code concerning penalisation of the acts of placing signature, drawing or inscription in a public place not designated for this purpose and without approval of managed person
Autorzy:
Wasil, Wioleta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Penal Code
petition
misdemeanours
Opis:
The amendment proposed in the petition aims to improve the efficiency of investigation and prosecution of persons who committed an act of vandalism by illegally placing graffiti in a public sphere. In the author’s opinion adding a new article to the Penal Code is not necessary. A modification of current provisions, e.g. by increasing sanctions provided in the Misdemeanours Code, would be a more appropriate way to achieve promoter’s goals.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2018, 2(58); 210-214
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Memory in Penal Sciences
Autorzy:
Romanowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
memory
mind
penal science
Opis:
The ancient Greeks believed that memory was a gift from the beautiful goddess Mnemosine, daughter of Uranus and Gaia, belonging to the first generation of titans and a titanide. Nowadays memory is understood and defined in many different ways, sucha as multi-stage process consisting of the ability to register and recall data information. Memory processes are undoubtedly very closely related to emotions. They differ depending on the duration of the memory trace, as well as the type of information and the degree to which we are consciously involved in the process of remembering and recreating information. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of human’s memory in penal science. Memory allows to recreate a so- -called memory portrait with the help of a qualified police cartoonist or a computer program, the perpetrator of which the witness or the aggrieved person saw only for seconds. Such portraits are published through various means of communication, such as the press, the Internet, and television. They often cause the quick identification and apprehension of the perpetrator.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2021, 13; 99-105
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat projektu ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu zagrożeniom przestępczością na tle seksualnym i o zmianie niektórych innych ustaw
Legal opinion on the bill preventing sexually motivated crime and amending certain other acts (Sejm Paper No. 2859) (BAS-WAL-2871/14)
Autorzy:
Sakowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Penal Code
bill
crime
Opis:
The proposed bill requires further legislative work. The author of the opinion critically assesses the idea of a special register of sex offenders, claiming that the manner of its implementation, the scope thereof, the conditions of use and stigmatization of people entered therein, due to the impossibility of expungement of record for certain offenses, may raise doubts as to the nature and the proportionality of this protective measure. In addition, doubts are raised as to the possibility of applying the registry against the perpetrators finally sentenced before its entry into force and the imposition of this measure irrespective of the degree of fault and social harmfulness of the act, as well as neglecting the need to individually influence the perpetrator.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 149-161
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postulat usunięcia terminu obyczajność z Kodeksu karnego
The Demand to Remove the Term Obyczajność from the Penal Code
Autorzy:
Piosik, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1787887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
obyczajność
propriety
update
Penal Code
archaism
Penal Code of the Kingdom of Poland
Austrian penal code of 1852
Opis:
In my article, I formulate and describe the demand to remove the term obyczajność (propriety) from the Penal Code. In the course of the analysis, I will attempt to prove that its presence in the Act is an example of cultivating a terminological tradition that dates back to the partitions period and was started for a reason that is currently outdated – the general language was insufficient to describe sexual crimes. I also show that due to the discrepancy between the general and legal language, the use of the term obyczajność may mislead a non-professional interpreter of a legal text. The text concludes with a more precise description of the titular demand, i.e. a proposal to change the title of Chapter 25 of the Penal Code.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2021, 28, 1; 123-142
1233-8672
2450-4939
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz polityki karnej lat osiemdziesiątych i początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych (1980‒1991)
Penal Policy in the 1980s and early 1990s (1980‒1991)
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962416.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
polityka karna
sądy polskie
prawo karne
penal policy
Polish courts
penal law
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 27-105
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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