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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Diagnozowanie stanu zdrowotnego drzew świerka i jodły na podstawie oceny patologicznych zmian drewna korzeni grubych
    Diagnosing the health condition of spruce and fir trees on the basis of pathological changes in coarse root wood
    Autorzy:
    Stępień, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008708.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    swierk
    Picea
    jodla
    Abies
    stan zdrowotny drzew
    diagnostyka
    korzenie grube
    metody badan
    badania makroskopowe
    przewodnictwo elektryczne
    pathological changes
    root wood
    spruce
    fir
    macroscopic measurement
    electrical conductivity
    crown thinning
    radial increment
    Opis:
    The paper contains a description and results of direct and indirect methods for assessing pathological changes in the zone of coarse root wood of spruce and fir trees. It also provides an evaluation of the effect of the type of changes and width of the unchanged wood zone on the electrical conductivity. The macroscopic analysis was compared with the results of electrical current measurements and the effect of the detected changes on crown condition and diameter increment of trees.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 08; 599-606
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mobbing jako patologia zarządzania współczesnymi organizacjami®
    Mobbing as pathology of managing contemporary organizations®
    Autorzy:
    Pawłowski, Marek
    Kułakowska, Anna
    Piątkowski, Zdzisław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/228853.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    mobbing
    bullying
    organizacje
    patologia zarządzania
    fazy mobbingu
    rodzaje mobbingu
    przyczyny mobbingu
    skutki mobbingu
    organizations
    pathological changes in the management
    phases of mobbing
    types of mobbing
    causes of the mobbing
    effects of the mobbing
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest ukazanie mobbingu jako często występującej patologii zarządzania współczesnymi organizacjami. We wprowadzeniu ukazane zostały aspekty terminologiczne - definicja, istota, pojęcie i rys historyczny mobbingu. Zostały scharakteryzowane fazy, rodzaje i kategorie zachowań mobbingowych, a następnie typologie (modele), przyczyny i skutki oraz czynniki sprzyjające mobbingowi w miejscu pracy. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono analizę i interpretację przeprowadzonych badań nad mobbingiem. Mobbing jako patologia – nie omija również przemysłu produkcji żywności na żadnym z jego etapów.
    The purpose of article is to show mobbing as a common pathology in the management of modern organizations. The introduction presents terminological aspects – the definition, essence, concept and historical outline of mobbing. Phases, types and categories of mobbing behavior have been characterized. Then typologies (models), causes and effects as well as factors conducive to mobbing in the workplace. The rest of the article presents an analysis and interpretation of mobbing research. Mobbing as a pathology – it also does not bypass the food production industry at any of its stages.
    Źródło:
    Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2019, 2; 155-166
    0867-793X
    2719-3691
    Pojawia się w:
    Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagadnienia psychopatii i resocjalizacji przestępców-psychopatów w dziejach polskiej myśli kryminologicznej
    The problems of psychopathy and resocialization of psychopathic offenders in the history of polish criminological thought
    Autorzy:
    Nelken, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699322.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1989
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    psychopatia
    resocjalizacja
    charakteropatia
    przestępcy
    historia
    psychiatra
    patologiczny
    psychopata
    alkoholizm
    leczenie
    kryminologia
    osobowość
    zmiany
    psychopathy
    resocialization
    characteropathy
    offenders
    history
    psychiatrist
    pathological
    psychopath
    alcoholism
    treatment
    criminology
    personality
    changes
    prognosis
    Opis:
                  The notion of psychopathy as deficiency of emotions, will, and drives was shaped in the late  19th and early 20th century (Koch, Birnbaum, Kraepelin, Schneider). In Poland between the two world wars, studies of psychopathy were carried out by outstanding psychiatrists (Radziwiłłowicz, Wachholz, Nelken, Łuniewski) whose works initiated the development of criminal psychopathology in our country. Their opinions were as follows: the basic trait of a psychopathic character is a pathological moral defect the intensity of which rnay differ in different individuals. Against that background, many other disorders exist, most frequent being a pathological increase of affectivity. The pathological moral defect results from the psychopaths deficient emotions. The pathological mental changes are quantitative and not qualitative which is why psychopathy cannot be considered a mental illness. The opinion prevailed that psychopathy has constitutional grounds as opposed to pathological changes of character caused by other factors (e. g. brain lesions). It was also believed, that external factors, the social environment, alcohol and drugs above all, contribute to the shaping of a psychopathic character.                Psychopathy was considered a highly crime-generating factor and the ground of many cases of alcoholism and drug addiction. As a constitutional and permanent condition psychopathy is not susceptible to psychiatric treatment; the researchers believed that imprisonment creates the proper conditions of resocialization of psychopathic offenders. The type of prison for psychopaths who commit offences was discussed, the question being whether they should be kept in normal prisons with other prisoners, or in special penal institutions. In the 1930's, a criminal-biological examination of prisoners starred, initiated by the Ministry of Justice, with psychiatric and psychological examination playing the leading part. The aim was mainly to work out a system of segregation of  prisoners who were to be put in appropriate prisons with different rules. The outbreak of World War II stopped the project.                The postwar Polish publications usually point to the crime-generating faculties of psychopathy which result from its being a deficiency of emotions, will, and drives and an individual's permanent condition although it may be lessened or aggravated in various stages of life according to physiological processes and external conditions. As manifested by studies carried out in Poland, mainly the psychiatric ones, there is a considerable number of psychopaths among the perpetrators of various types of offences. Among those guilty of murder, 29.4 per cent of psychopaths were found (Fleszar-Szumigajowa it al.), among thieves of public property-26.19 and of private properly - 28.12 per cent (Malik). There were 48 per cent of psychopaths among recidivists ( Ostrihanska). The above proportions do not include offenders with psychopathological traits similar to psychopathy but resulting from a disease or lesion of brain (the so-called characteropaths).                Among the different types of psychopaths, particular attention should be drawn to unqualified psychopaths (emotionless according to Schneider’s classification) and to schizoidal psychopaths. Representatives of both these types can be found among serious criminals, murderes in particular, and among recidivists. As follows from psychiatric examination of murderers, sex murderers ale usually unqualified or schizoidal psychopaths (Szymusik). Despite their common characteristic, i. e. the deficient emotions, there two typ.. of psychopaths differ from each other to some extent which is important from the point of view of criminal psychopathology. An unqualified psychopath is usually characterized by a more marked deficiency of emotions and behaviour his environment frequently perceives as contradictory to the rules of social life. Instead, the emotional deficiency of a schizoidal psychopath is accompanied by his tendency to conceal his real emotions and intentions from the environment and to ambivalence, making this type of psychopath more difficult to diagnose as dangerous to others. The above findings have been obtained from specially selected groups  i. e. persons suspected of offences or convicted, who were subjected to psychiatric examination because of their unusual behaviour as a rule.                As regards the problem of criminal responsibility of psychopaths, an opinion prevails that such persons are accountable in principle. This follows from the fact that psychopathy is not a mental disease, a psychopath retaining his ability to understand the nature of his act as he is not mentally deficient and usually has a normal I.Q.A psychopaths is also able to control his conduct: as shown in practice by a number of cases, psychopaths. usually desist from the intended act if they find the conditions to be unpropitious; they also retain critical judgement of the separate elements of a given situation, thus to secure for themselves the necessary conditions and to be safe after the act. Thus in such psychopaths, intellect is able to control the deficient emotions and will to the extent that they discern the chances of a temporary gain. A psychopath may be found to have diminished accountability in particular cases only, and to be non-accountable -exceptionally. This takes  place if his ability to control his own conduct was largely limited or entirely supressed due to the type of psychopathy (e. g. in depressive or vehement psychopaths), the particular, circumstances of the act which increased the psychopathic reaction,  or the additional mental complications (e. g. mental deficiency found jointly with psychopathy).               Resocialization of psychopathic offenders proved a difficult problem in practice due to their abnormal personality and reaction to imprisonment. Psychopaths serve their terms in special prisons for persons in need of particular medical and educational measures. Among   their inmates who deviate from the mental norm, psychopaths constitute 40 per cent. They are resocialized through initiation into discipline, order and work, and through additional general or professional schooling if necessary.  They also undergo psychocorrective treatment individually or in groups with specialized prison staff; the treatment is aimed at arousing in them a critical attitude towards their own conduct. Having served their term, psychopathic recidivists are subjected to protective supervision of a court-appointed curator, the aim of which is their further resocialization and prevention or their relapse into crime. If a recidivist evades supervision on release, he is placed in a social adjustment centre by a court's decision. In the centre, psychopaths should receive a treatment conducive to their resacialization. Psychopaths receive postpenitentiary assistence, if necessary, which consists mainly in finding a job and lodgings (e. g. in a worker’s hostel) for them. Yet many psychopaths relapse into crime despite that assistance. To end with, the fact is stressed in the paper that small differences in the definitions of psychopathy given by the  separate authors and the sometimes found diagnostic differences- are not sufficient grounds for the term ,,psychopathv’’ to be replaced with other terms leading to considerable ambiguity. ,,Psychopathy’’ is a diagnostically established term and its replacement with ,, personality disorders’’ or ,,abnormal personality’’ only makes the problem obscure, blurring the difference between psychopathy and characteropathy, and between psychopathy and conditions such as neuropathic disposition and pathological character changes resulting from alcoholism or drug addiction. An explicit definition of the differences between these psychopathological conditions is most important for  judicial decisions and forensic psychiatry, for defining the chances and methods of treatment, and for criminological prognosis.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1989, XVI; 245-276
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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