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Wyszukujesz frazę "particulates" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Vert particle filter test procedure and quality standard for new and in-use diesel engines
Autorzy:
Mayer, A.
Czerwinski, J.
Kasper, M.
Leutert, G.
Heeb, N. V.
Ulrich, A.
Jaussi, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engines
diesel engines
ecology
filters
particulates
Opis:
A new approach is needed to test particle filters for retrofitting Diesel engines. Considering the toxicity of the particles as also the physical and chemical attributes of particle filters, the optimal scheme is to test the components themselves independent of the deployment. That scheme ensures the highest effectiveness with least effort. It also enables evaluation of worst-case situations and assesses the hazards of secondary emissions. The Swiss standard SNR 277 205, which mandates the VERT test procedure, is a first step in that direction. The solution is derived from the physics of the filter media. The filtration of fine particles essentially depends on the particle size and the space velocity. The attributes of the emitting engine are only insignificantly relevant. Hence the physics and chemistry of particle filters can be investigated independent of the engine and its deployment duty. This concept facilitates a very thorough investigation of the size-dependent filtration, aging susceptibility, secondary emissions and extreme situations. Filter systems, which pass this detailed test, perform equally well in every retrofit configuration. This filter test concept was implemented 1998 in the VERT project and is successful for assessing retrofltting [4]. VERT approved fllter systems are already deployed in the Low Emission Zones of Europe, North and South America.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 313-322
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The implementation of the low-stack emission reducion program in the municipality of Nowy Sącz
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Guzek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
air quality
low-stack emission
suspended particulates
ecological policy
Opis:
The article analyzed the results of air quality measurements in the city of Nowy Sącz and assessed the activities of the local government to reduce low-stack emission. Nowy Sącz is among the top European cities with the most polluted air. According to the annual mean PM10 particles levels within the Małopolska Province, Nowy Sącz belongs to the group of cities and poviats where the highest levels of this pollutant are recorded. In the case of PM2.5 particles, Nowy Sącz is the second city after Krakow in the Małopolska Province, where there is a significant exceedance, including the margin of tolerance, of the limit value of the pollutants. The background and inflow of pollutants from outside the city reaches the level of about 17 µg•m-3, i.e. 85% of the limit value and 50% of the total level of the pollutant in the city. The local government undertakes investments aimed at improving air quality, inter alia: thermo-modernization of buildings, Renewable Energy Sources installation (solar installations) in buildings, elimination of coal boilers and replacing them with gas boilers or new generation boilers.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, IV/1; 1033-1043
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advances in Surface Engineering Using TIG Processing to Incorporate Ceramic Particulates into Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels – A Review
Autorzy:
Munoz-Escalona, Patricia
Mridha, Shahjahan
Baker, Thomas Neville
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2123288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
microstructure
microhardness
steels
surface engineering
TIG melting
preheat
carbide particulates
Opis:
The application of surface engineering techniques to improve the surface properties of carbon steels using high powered lasers for transformation hardening and surface melting is well established. Based on this previous research, a tungsten inert gas torch (TIG) technique has more recently been explored for the surface modification of steels, as a much cheaper option to lasers. In the present research, initial studies compared the preheat temperature recorded on a low alloy steel with Ar, He and N protective shielding gases over a single track length. The effect of overlapping 17 tracks on the temperature variation for three different gases was also explored. These studies lead to Ar being the chosen gas for the next stages of the work. During TIG processing, incorporation of fine TiC or SiC ceramic particulates into the liquid steel was investigated, with the aim of obtaining a uniformly high hardness in a crack and porous- free melt zone of sufficient length and depth to provide improved wear resistance over the parent steel. TiC particulates of 45-100µm size were preplaced on a low alloy steel, and following TIG processing, the hardness increased from the as-received steel value of ~200 Hv to~800 Hv, due to some dissolution and re-precipitation of TiC particulates. The incorporation of the more economic SiC particulates of ∼5μm or ∼75 μm size preplaced on a microalloyed steel was investigated. Single track surface zones were melted by a tungsten inert gas torch, and the effect of two energy inputs, 420 and 840 Jmm−1, compared. The results showed that the samples melted using 420 Jmm−1 were crack-free. Analytical microstructural and XRD studies established that both sizes of SiC particulates dissolved, and that some of the hardness increase recorded was due to formation of a high carbon martensite. A potential method of decreasing SiC particulate dissolution by generating a high Fe–Si liquid, thereby retaining the ceramic in the microalloyed steel after processing, was found to show promise.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 3; 88--98
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical Model of Particle Free Settling in a Vortex Apparatus
Model matematyczny procesu swobodnego osadzania cząstek w aparacie wirowym
Autorzy:
Koshlak, Hanna
Pavlenko, Anatoliy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
mathematical modelling
drying of particulates
vortex layer
modelowanie matematyczne
suszenie cząstek
warstwa wirowa
Opis:
A mathematical model of gas dynamics in a vortex apparatus during heat treatment is presented in the paper. The parameters of gas flows in the vortex apparatus, optimal ratios of the vortex apparatus geometric dimensions, as well as hydrodynamic parameters are determined, making it possible to develop effective design solutions of this equipment. The mathematical model allows one to carry out computational experiments and determine particle trajectories, their temperature, particle size and humidity at various points in time and evaluate the dynamics of these parameters. Using the calculation experiment method makes it possible to quickly and without financial costs determine the technological modes of heat treatment of dispersed material in vortex devices. The obtained data can be used in calculation methods of heat and mass transfer vortex apparatuses.
W artykule przedstawiono matematyczny model dynamiki gazu w aparacie wirowym podczas obróbki cieplnej zdyspergowanych materiałów. Określane są parametry przepływów gazu w aparacie wirowym, identyfikowane są optymalne proporcje wymiarów geometrycznych aparatu wirowego, a także parametry hydrodynamiczne, które pozwalają opracowywać skuteczne rozwiązania konstrukcyjne tego sprzętu. Model matematyczny umożliwia przeprowadzanie eksperymentów obliczeniowych i określanie trajektorii cząstek, ich temperatury, wielkości cząstek i wilgotności w różnych punktach czasowych oraz ocenić dynamikę zmian tych parametrów. Zastosowanie metody eksperymentu obliczeniowego pozwala szybko i bez kosztów finansowych określić warunki technologiczne do obróbki termicznej rozproszonego materiału w urządzeniach wirowych o różnych konstrukcjach. Uzyskane dane można wykorzystać w metodach obliczania urządzeń wirowych z wymianą ciepła i masy.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 2; 727-734
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Properties of Particles Emitted from Selected Coal-Fired Heating Plants and Electric Power Stations in Poland : Preliminary Results
Autorzy:
Pastuszka, J.S.
Konieczyński, J.
Talik, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
particulates emission
coal-fired power
heating station
surface chemical composition
X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy
XPS
specific absorption
Opis:
The surface properties of particles emitted from six selected coal-fired power and heating plants in Poland have been studied in this work for the first time. Samples were collected beyond the control systems. Surface composition of the size-distributed particles was obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reflection of the smallest, submicron particles was also measured to calculate their specific/mass absorption. The surface layer of the emitted particles was clearly dominated by oxygen, followed by silicon and carbon. The sum of the relative concentration of these elements was between 85.1% and 91.1% for coarse particles and 71.8–93.4% for fine/submicron particles. Aluminum was typically the fourth or fifth, or at least the sixth most common element. The mass absorption of the submicron particles emitted from the studied plants ranged from 0.02 m2g-1 to 0.03 m2g-1. Only specific absorption obtained for the “Nowy Wirek” heating plant was significantly higher than in other studied plants probably because the obsolete fire grate is used in this heating plant. The obtained results suggest that the power/heating-plant-emitted fine particles contain less carbonaceous material/elemental carbon on their surfaces than those that are typical in urban air.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2014, 40, 3; 13-27
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multifaceted diagnostic inference process for identifying the causes of self-ignition engine faults resulting from PM sediments
Autorzy:
Cieślikowski, B.
Cygnar, M.
Jakóbiec, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
VGT turbocharger
PM particulates
diagnostic tester
spectral analysis
error code
cząstki PM
tester diagnostyczny
analiza spektralna
kod błędu
Opis:
Optimization of the fuel combustion process in a self-ignition engine with the multi-stage HPCR injection system sets the main trends in research on the thermodynamic stability of fuels, and the mechanisms of PM formation. The stages were indicated of the multifaceted diagnostic inference on the causes of failures of a turbocharger with variable geometry (VTG) which occur as a result of PM sedimentation in the nozzle area. An evaluation of the engine performance was conducted using a dedicated tester and an additional recording of the injector coil current characteristics with parallel readings of the fuel pressure variation in the reservoir. The indicated procedure established the underlying cause of the VTG compressor failure despite the absence of a recorded error code.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 1; 186-190
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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