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    Tytuł:
    Language-related episodes and pair dynamics in primary school CLIL learners: A comparison between proficiency-matched and student-selected pairs
    Autorzy:
    Basterrechea, María
    Gallardo-del-Puerto, Francisco
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780683.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    language-related episodes (LRE)
    pair dynamics
    pair formation
    collaborative task
    content and language integrated learning (CLIL)
    Opis:
    A considerable body of research within the interaction framework (Long, 1996) has centred on the language-related episodes (LREs) which occur when learners topicalize a specific linguistic item while they are engaged in meaning-focused tasks. Several studies have shown that the production of LREs may be influenced by the proficiency level of the learners (Kim & McDonough, 2008; Leeser, 2004). Sociocultural theory (Lantolf & Appel, 1994) has also explored collaborative work and the effect that pairing learners with the same proficiency levels or different patterns of interaction (Storch, 2002) has on the production of LREs (e.g., Mozaffari, 2017; Storch & Aldosari 2013), but little research has compared the effect of the pair formation method (student-selected vs. proficiency-matched) on young learners’ production of LREs and pair dynamics. This study compares young CLIL learners (aged 10-12) in student-selected and proficiency-matched pairs in task-based interaction. Results indicate that learners produce more meaning-based than form-based LREs, regardless of their pair formation method. The percentage of meaning-based LREs which are resolved accurately is much higher in proficiency-matched dyads than in student-selected ones. As for the patterns of interaction (Storch, 2002), the dynamics of proficiency-matched dyads are of a more collaborative nature than those of self-selected pairs.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 3; 423-447
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chaos theory from the mathematical point of view
    Autorzy:
    Kwietniak, Dominik
    Oprocha, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748392.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
    Tematy:
    topological dynamics, chaos, topological entropy, topological transitivity, topological horseshoe, Li-Yorke chaos, Auslander-Yorke chaos, Devaney chaos, distributional chaos, Li-Yorke pair, sensitivity.
    Opis:
    Niniejsza praca stanowi próbę przedstawienia istniejących definicji chaosu dla dyskretnych układów dynamicznych. Dyskusję zawężono do zagadnień związanych z dynamiką topologiczną. Przedstawiono i umotywowano definicje: wrażliwości na warunki początkowe, chaosu w sensie Li i Yorke’a, Auslandera i Yorke’a, Devaneya, chaosu dystrybucyjnego, entropii topologicznej i podkowy topologicznej. Podzielono się pewnymi uwagami historycznymi. Omówiono znane związki między różnymi definicjami chaosu i przypomniano związane z nimi problemy otwarte.
    This work is intended as an attempt to survey existingde finitions of chaos for discrete dynamical systems. Discussion is restricted to the settingof topological dynamics, while the measure-theoretic (ergodic theory) and smooth (differentiable dynamical systems) aspects are omitted as exceedingt he scope of this paper. Chaos theory is understood here as a part of topological dynamics, so aforementioned definitions of chaos are just examples of particular dynamical system properties, and are considered inside the framework of the mathematical theory of discrete dynamical systems. It is not the purpose of this article to study chaos theory understood as a new kind of interdisciplinary branch of science devoted to nonlinear phenomena. As for prerequisites, the reader is expected to possess some mathematical maturity, and to be familiar with basic topology of (compact) metric spaces. No preliminary knowledge of the dynamical systems theory is required, however some is recommended. The first two section are devoted to general discussion of the term „chaos” and contains authors opinion on this subject. To facilitate access to the rest of the article some relevant material from the dynamical system theory is briefly repeated in the third section. The next section (Section 4) introduces the notion of topological transitivity along with some stronger variants, namely topological mixing and weak mixing. Section 5 gives a detailed account of the famous Sharkovskii’s Theorem in its full generality. This is required for characterization of chaotic interval maps. Sections 6-13 are devoted to various notions of chaos or related to chaos in dynamical systems. Each section contains an attempt to motivate the notion, historical background and formal definition followed with a review of known properties, relations between various notions of chaos, and some relevant open problems. Section 6 is devoted to a sensitivity to initial conditions – a notion which is accepted as a basic indicator of chaotic behavior. Section 7 introduces a definition of chaos accordingt o Auslander and Yorke. Section 8 examines the notion of Li-Yorke pair and Li-Yorke chaos. Section 9 deals with the definition of chaos introduced in Devaney’s book (Devaney chaos). Section 10 recalls some facts connected with symbolic dynamics, which provides a rich source of examples for various interestingb ehavior, and it is an indispensable tool for exploration of many systems. Section 11 describes the so-called “topological horseshoes”, which are generalizations of the famous example due to Smale. The existence of a horseshoe in a given dynamical system proves the existence of a subsystem with a dynamics similar to some symbolic dynamical system, hence with a very complicated behavior. Section 12 gives a brief exposition of the topological entropy and its relation to chaos. The review of various notions of chaos ends with section 13, containingd escription of distributional chaos.
    Źródło:
    Mathematica Applicanda; 2008, 36, 50/09
    1730-2668
    2299-4009
    Pojawia się w:
    Mathematica Applicanda
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis Of The Current Trends Of Gold And Foreign Exchange Reserves Of The G20 Countries
    Autorzy:
    Derkach, Tatyana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402370.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
    Tematy:
    gold and foreign exchange (international) reserves (gold reserves) of the G20 countries
    19 countries of the Eurozone
    rating of the G20 countries in terms of dynamics and variations in gold and FX reserves
    pair correlation of changes in international reserves among the G20 countries
    Opis:
    During periods of instability, the availability of reserves in the national economy of a country, necessary to overcome crises and repay their negative effects, is of great importance. The economic policy of the G20 countries on the formation of international reserves will give us a general idea of the main trends in this direction. The change in the structure of gold and FX reserves among the group of G20 countries in 2007-2019 is analyzed, the average annual absolute level of gold reserves and their growth have been determined, the amplitude of fluctuations, average deviation and coefficient of variation of gold reserves of the G20 countries have been determined, based on the calculation of the pairwise linear correlation of the gold and foreign exchange dynamics between the G20 countries, the similarities and differences in the implementation of the state policy on international reserves management were determined.
    Źródło:
    MIND Journal; 2020, 10; 1-19
    2451-4454
    Pojawia się w:
    MIND Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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