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Wyszukujesz frazę "organelle" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
Tytuł:
Organelle aggregations during microsporogenesis with simultaneous cytokinesis in species from the family Malvaceae (Gossypium arboreum, Alcea rosea, Lavatera thuringiaca)
Autorzy:
Tchórzewska, Dorota
Pietrusiewicz, Jacek
Winiarczyk, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Malvaceae
microsporogenesis
organelle aggregations
mikrosporogeneza
grupowanie się organelli komórkowych
Opis:
During meiosis in microsporogenesis in spermatophytes and in sporogenesis in bryophytes and ferns, regular rearrangement of cytoplasmic organelles (chondriokinesis) occurs. In the present paper, the course of chondriokinesis has been analysed in several representatives of the family Malvaceae (Gossypium arboreum, Alcea rosea and Lavatera thuringiaca). It was revealed that cell organelles in all the species analysed aggregated around the nucleus at the end of prophase I, and next they surrounded two nuclei in telophase I. This position persisted not only until the end of meiosis, but also in post-meiotic cells after formation of microspore sporoderm on mononuclear pollen grains. Currently, this type of cell organelle aggregation has not been reported from other plant groups, and it seems to be characteristic of the representatives of the family Malvaceae only. The role of this type of cell organelle rearrangement still requires elucidation. The current theories are concerned with dividing cells, whereas the cell organelle aggregation described in the present work was observed in post-meiotic cells as well, i.e. in mononuclear pollen grains.
W mikrosporogenezie u roślin nasiennych oraz sporogenezie mszaków i paprotników zachodzi mejoza, podczas której następuje regularne przemieszczanie się organelli komórkowych (chondriokineza). W niniejszej pracy analizowaliśmy przebieg chondriokinezy u kilku przedstawicieli rodziny Malvaceae (Gossypium arboreum, Alcea rosea i Lavatera thuringiaca). Okazuje się, że u wszystkich badanych gatunków, pod koniec profazy I organella komórkowe grupowały się w formie otoczki wokół jądra, a następnie w telofazie I wokół 2 jąder. Takie położenie utrzymywało się nie tylko do końca mejozy, ale także po jej zakończeniu gdy 1-jądrowe ziarna pyłku miały już uformowaną sporodermę. Taki typ grupowania się organelli komórkowych nie był dotychczas opisywany u innych grup roślin i wydaje się charakterystyczny jedynie dla przedstawicieli rodziny Malvaceae. Wyjaśnienia wymaga natomiast rola tego rodzaju przemieszczeń organelli komórkowych. Dotychczasowe teorie dotyczą komórek podczas podziału, natomiast przedstawione w niniejszej pracy zgrupowanie organelli komórkowych obserwowane było także w komórkach po mejozie – 1-jądrowych ziarnach pyłku.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia; 2013, 68, 2
2083-3563
0066-2232
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are all red algal parasites cut from the same cloth?
Autorzy:
Salomaki, E.D.
Lane, C.E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
parasitism
life strategy
Rhodophyta
parasite
evolution
Florideophyceae
organelle
red alga
Opis:
Parasitism is a common life strategy throughout the eukaryotic tree of life. Many devastating human pathogens, including the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, have evolved from a photosynthetic ancestor. However, how an organism transitions from a photosynthetic to a parasitic life history strategy remains mostly unknown. This is largely because few systems present the opportunity to make meaningful comparisons between a parasite and a close free-living relative. Parasites have independently evolved dozens of times throughout the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta), and often infect close relatives. The accepted evolutionary paradigm proposes that red algal parasites arise by first infecting a close relative and over time diversify and infect more distantly related species. This provides a natural evolutionary gradient of relationships between hosts and parasites that share a photosynthetic common ancestor. Elegant microscopic work in the late 20th century provided detailed insight into the infection cycle of red algal parasites and the cellular interactions between parasites and their hosts. Those studies led to the use of molecular work to further investigate the origins of the parasite organelles and reveal the evolutionary relationships between hosts and their parasites. Here we synthesize the research detailing the infection methods and cellular interactions between red algal parasites and their hosts. We offer an alternative hypothesis to the current dogma of red algal parasite evolution and propose that red algae can adopt a parasitic life strategy through multiple evolutionary pathways, including direct infection of distant relatives. Furthermore, we highlight potential directions for future research to further evaluate parasite evolution in red algae.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of non-coding RNAs in plant organelle biogenesis
Autorzy:
Rurek, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
non-coding RNAs
chloroplast DNA
mitochondrial DNA
organelle gene expression
stress response
Opis:
The biogenesis of plant mitochondria and plastids is a multistep process that depends on the expression of both, organellar and nuclear genes. A growing body of evidence suggests that the indispensable coordination of different steps in this process may be gained by participation of the non-coding RNAs. A plethora of non-coding RNAs of diverse length, both intraorganellar ones, as well as encoded by the nuclear genome (including microRNAs and short interfering RNAs), were also suggested to play a role in the stress response by regulating the expression levels of targeted genes important for organelle biogenesis. Selected points of current interest regarding the regulation of plant mitochondrial and plastid gene expression by diverse non-coding RNAs, also discussed in the aspect of abiotic stress conditions, are highlighted here.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2016, 63, 4; 653-663
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Acquisition of Plastids/Phototrophy in Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates
Autorzy:
Park, Myung Gil
Kim, Miran
Kim, Sunju
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Acquired phototrophy, chloroplast, endosymbiont, endosymbiosis, kleptoplastid, kleptoplasty, mixotrophy, organelle retention, photosynthesis
Opis:
Several dinoflagellates are known to practice acquired phototrophy by either hosting intact algal endosymbionts or retaining plastids. The acquisition of phototrophy in dinoflagellates appears to occur independently over a variety of orders, rather than being restricted to any specific order(s). While dinoflagellates with intact algal cells host endosymbionts of cyanobacteria, pelagophyte, prasinophyte or dictyochophyte, most organelle-retaining dinoflagellates acquire plastids from cryptophytes. In dinoflagellates with acquired phototrophy, the mechanism by which symbionts or plastids are obtained has not been well studied at sub-cellular or ultrastructural level, and thus little is known regarding their mechanism to sequester and maintain photosynthetic structures, except for three cases, Amphidinium poecilochroum, Gymnodinium aeruginosum, and Dinophysis caudata with peduncle feeding. Dinoflagellates with acquired phototrophy display different degrees of reduction of the retained endosymbiont and organelles, ranging from those which contain intact whole algal cells (e.g. green Noctiluca scintillans), to those which have retained almost a full complement of organelles (e.g., Amphidinium poecilochroum and Podolampas bipes), to those in which only the plastids remain (e.g., Amphidinium wigrense and Dinophysis spp.). A series of events leading to acquisition and subsequent degeneration of a whole-cell endosymbiont have been widely recognized as evolutionary pathway of the acquisition of plastids. However, recent work on D. caudata suggests that acquisition of phototrophy by predation (i.e. kleptoplastidy) may be a mechanism and evolutionary pathway through which plastids originated in dinoflagellates with ‘foreign’ plastids other than the ‘typical’ peridinin-type plastids. Most organelle-retaining dinoflagellates are facultative mixotrophs, with Dinophysis species and an undescribed Antarctic dinoflagellate being the only obligate mixotrophs known so far. The establishment of dinoflagellates with acquired phototrophy in cultures and careful research using the cultures would help improve our knowledge of the evolution of the dinoflagellate plastids and their ecophysiology.
Źródło:
Acta Protozoologica; 2014, 53, 1
1689-0027
Pojawia się w:
Acta Protozoologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paulinella chromatophora - rethinking the transition from endosymbiont to organelle
Autorzy:
Nowack, E.C.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Paulinella chromatophora
organellogenesis
plastid
evolution
endosymbiosis
Cyanoprokaryota
photosynthesis
chromatophore
protein targeting
endosymbiont
organelle
Rhizaria
Opis:
Eukaryotes co-opted photosynthetic carbon fixation from prokaryotes by engulfing a cyanobacterium and stably integrating it as a photosynthetic organelle (plastid) in a process known as primary endosymbiosis. The sheer complexity of interactions between a plastid and the surrounding cell that started to evolve over 1 billion years ago, make it challenging to reconstruct intermediate steps in organelle evolution by studying extant plastids. Recently, the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella chromatophora was identified as a much sought-after intermediate stage in the evolution of a photosynthetic organelle. This article reviews the current knowledge on this unique organism. In particular it describes how the interplay of reductive genome evolution, gene transfers, and trafficking of host-encoded proteins into the cyanobacterial endosymbiont contributed to transform the symbiont into a nascent photosynthetic organelle. Together with recent results from various other endosymbiotic associations a picture emerges that lets the targeting of host-encoded proteins into bacterial endosymbionts appear as an early step in the establishment of an endosymbiotic relationship that enables the host to gain control over the endosymbiont.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plastid origin: who, when and why?
Autorzy:
Ku, Chuan
Roettger, M.
Zimorski, V.
Nelsen-Sathi, S.
Sousa, F.L.
Martin, W.F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
plastid
Cyanoprokaryota
endosymbiosis
evolution
gene transfer
genomics
organelle
photosynthesis
phylogenesis
Opis:
The origin of plastids is best explained by endosymbiotic theory, which dates back to the early 1900s. Three lines of evidence based on protein import machineries and molecular phylogenies of eukaryote (host) and cyanobacterial (endosymbiont) genes point to a single origin of primary plastids, a unique and important event that successfully transferred two photosystems and oxygenic photosynthesis from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The nature of the cyanobacterial lineage from which plastids originated has been a topic of investigation. Recent studies have focused on the branching position of the plastid lineage in the phylogeny based on cyanobacterial core genes, that is, genes shared by all cyanobacteria and plastids. These studies have delivered conflicting results, however. In addition, the core genes represent only a very small portion of cyanobacterial genomes and may not be a good proxy for the rest of the ancestral plastid genome. Information in plant nuclear genomes, where most genes that entered the eukaryotic lineage through acquisition from the plastid ancestor reside, suggests that heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria in Stanier’s sections IV and V are most similar to the plastid ancestor in terms of gene complement and sequence conservation, which is in agreement with models suggesting an important role of nitrogen fixation in symbioses involving cyanobacteria. Plastid origin is an ancient event that involved a prokaryotic symbiont and a eukaryotic host, organisms with different histories and genome evolutionary processes. The different modes of genome evolution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes bear upon our interpretations of plastid phylogeny.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próby enzymatyczne jako laboratoryjne wskaźniki uszkodzenia narządu, komórki i organelli wewnątrzkomórkowych
Autorzy:
Krawczyński, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2189840.pdf
Data publikacji:
1969
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej
Tematy:
diagnostyka laboratoryjna
analiza enzymatyczna
uszkodzenia narzadow
organelle komorkowe
wskazniki laboratoryjne
Źródło:
Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna; 1969, 05, 3; 241-246
0867-4043
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PP2A phosphatase interacts with CPK kinase and regulates pathogenesis responses triggered by intracellular ROS signals
Autorzy:
Kangasjarvi, S.
Denessiouk, K.
Trotta, A.
Konert, G.
Rahikainen, M.
Li, S.
Mhamdi, A.
Noctor, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
protein phosphatase 2A
calcium-dependent protein kinase
reactive oxygen species
organelle
protein kinase
plant immunity
Arabidopsis
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 2
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Enigmatic Hook of the Metaradiophryids (Alveolata, Ciliophora)
Autorzy:
Hausmann, Klaus
Günther, Gerd
Lehmann, Diana
Radek, Renate
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Astomatous ciliates, Metaradiophrya spec., hook structure, holdfast organelle
Opis:
The astomatous metaradiophryids are ciliates which live endosymbiotically in earthworms (Annelida, Lumbricidae). Their prominent hook apparatus is demonstrated in detail in light micrographs of living organisms as well as in scanning electron micrographs of Parducz-fixed cells. Since it was first observed, this structure has been interpreted as a ‘holdfast’ organelle preventing ciliates from being expelled prematurely from the intestine of the worm along with its excrements. No active movement of the hook has been reported in earlier papers or in our recent studies. Nevertheless, a detailed description of different parts of the hook apparatus exists in older literature, including a hypothesis on how these elements interact with each other to function as a holdfast device – without any experimental evidence. The suspected mode of function of this structure is questioned and critically discussed.
Źródło:
Acta Protozoologica; 2016, 55, 1
1689-0027
Pojawia się w:
Acta Protozoologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endoplasmic reticulum quality control and apoptosis.
Autorzy:
Groenendyk, Jody
Michalak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
intracellular organelle
molecular chaperones
endoplasmic reticulum
Opis:
The ER is one of the most important folding compartments within the cell, as well as an intracellular Ca^(2+) storage organelle and it contains a number of Ca^(2+) regulated molecular chaperones responsible for the proper folding of glycosylated as well as non-glycosylated proteins. The luminal environment of the ER contains Ca^(2+) which is involved in regulating chaperones such as calnexin and calreticulin, as well as apoptotic proteins caspase-12 and Bap31, which may play an important role in determining cellular sensitivity to ER stress and apoptosis. The ER quality control system consists of several molecular chaperones, including calnexin, that assist in properly folding proteins and transporting them through the ER as well as sensing misfolded proteins, attempting to refold them and if this is not possible, targeting them for degradation. Accumulation of misfolded protein in the ER leads to activation of genes responsible for the expression of ER chaperones. The UPR mechanism involves transcriptional activation of chaperones by the membrane-localized transcription factor ATF6, in conjunction with the ER membrane kinase IRE1, as well as translational repression of protein synthesis by another ER membrane kinase PERK. When accumulation of misfolded protein becomes toxic, apoptosis is triggered, potentially with IRE1 involved in signaling via caspase-12. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways appear to culminate in the activation of caspases and this results in the recruitment of mitochondria in an essential amplifying manner. Bap31 may direct pro-apoptotic crosstalk between the ER and the mitochondria via Ca^(2+) in conjunction with caspase-12 and calnexin. Accordingly, ER stress and the resultant Ca^(2+) release must be very carefully regulated because of their effects in virtually all areas of cell function.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2005, 52, 2; 381-395
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of environmental changes on physiology and development of polar vascular plant
Autorzy:
Gielwanowska, I.
Pastorczyk, M.
Kellmann-Sopyla, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
environment change
plant physiology
plant development
polar plant
vascular plant
Caryophyllaceae
Poaceae
morphology
plant morphology
ultrastructure
organelle
stress reaction
seed development
Arctic
Antarctic
Opis:
Polar vascular plants native to the Arctic and the Antarctic geobotanical zone have been growing and reproducing effectively under difficult environmental conditions, colonizing frozen ground areas formerly covered by ice. Our macroscopic observations and microscopic studies conducted by means of a light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) concerning the anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative and generative tissue in Cerastium arcticum, Colobanthus quitensis, Silene involucrata, plants from Caryophyllaceae and Deschampsia antarctica, Poa annua and Poa arctica, from Poaceae family. In the studies, special attention was paid to plants coming from diversity habitats where stress factors operated with clearly different intensity. In all examinations plants, differences in anatomy were considerable. In Deschampsia antarctica the adaxial epidermis of hairgrass leaves from a humid microhabitat, bulliform cells differentiated. Mesophyll was composed of cells of irregular shapes and resembled aerenchyma. The ultrastructural observations of mesophyll in all plants showed tight adherence of chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes, surface deformations of these organelles and formation of characteristic outgrowths and pocket concavities filled with cytoplasm with vesicles and organelles by chloroplasts. In reproduction biology of examined Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae plants growing in natural conditions, in the Arctic and in the Antarctic, and in a greenhouse in Olsztyn showed that this plant develops two types of bisexual flowers. Almost all ovules developed and formed seeds with a completely differentiated embryo both under natural conditions in the Arctic and the Antarctic and in a greenhouse in Olsztyn.
Źródło:
Papers on Global Change; 2011, 18
2300-8121
1730-802X
Pojawia się w:
Papers on Global Change
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Protein translocons in photosynthetic organelles of Paulinella chromatophora
Autorzy:
Gagat, P.
Mackiewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
photosynthesis
organelle
Paulinella chromatophora
amoeba
essential gene
chromatophore
endosymbiosis
primary plastid
plastid
protein
translocon zob.translocator
translocator
translocation channel zob.translocator
Opis:
The rhizarian amoeba Paulinella chromatophora harbors two photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbionts (chromatophores), acquired independently of primary plastids of glaucophytes, red algae and green plants. These endosymbionts have lost many essential genes, and transferred substantial number of genes to the host nuclear genome via endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), including those involved in photosynthesis. This indicates that, similar to primary plastids, Paulinella endosymbionts must have evolved a transport system to import their EGT-derived proteins. This system involves vesicular trafficking to the outer chromatophore membrane and presumably a simplified Tic-like complex at the inner chromatophore membrane. Since both sequenced Paulinella strains have been shown to undergo differential plastid gene losses, they do not have to possess the same set of Toc and Tic homologs. We searched the genome of Paulinella FK01 strain for potential Toc and Tic homologs, and compared the results with the data obtained for Paulinella CCAC 0185 strain, and 72 cyanobacteria, eight Archaeplastida as well as some other bacteria. Our studies revealed that chromatophore genomes from both Paulinella strains encode the same set of translocons that could potentially create a simplified but fully-functional Tic-like complex at the inner chromatophore membranes. The common maintenance of the same set of translocon proteins in two Paulinella strains suggests a similar import mechanism and/or supports the proposed model of protein import. Moreover, we have discovered a new putative Tic component, Tic62, a redox sensor protein not identified in previous comparative studies of Paulinella translocons.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lead transport and localisation in Lupinus angustifolius L. root cells
Autorzy:
Balcerzak, L.
Godlewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
lead transport
Lupinus angustifolius
root cell
lead nitrate
root meristem cell
transmission electron microscopy
cell organelle
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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