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Tytuł:
1.28 Tbps DWDM optical network design using a dispersion compensating distributed Raman amplifier over S-band
Autorzy:
Gul, Baseerat
Ahmad, Faroze
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
dense wavelength division multiplexing
conventional single mode fibre
optical signal to noise ratio
stimulated Raman scattering
S-band
dispersion compensating fibre
Opis:
A 100 km long dense wavelength division multiplexed optical network design with a capacity of 1.28 Tbps is proposed in this paper. The novelty of this work is the use of a dispersion compensating fibre as a Raman amplifier in the S-band for a high-capacity dense wavelength division multiplexing network. The transmission is accomplished auspiciously in the wavelength range from 196 THz to 202. 35THz. The coupling of a Raman amplifier made the realisation of the S-band possible in the network, as the erbium-doped fibre amplifier is competent for amplification in C- and L-bands only. Further, a pump coupler is used for multiple pumping to enlarge the gain spectrum for a high-capacity optical network. The performance analysis of the network is carried out systematically in terms of bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, Q-factor, and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). The results demonstrate that the proposed set-up shows adequately low BER, sufficient Q-factor values, wide eye-opening, and commendable OSNR for all receiving channels.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 2; art. no. e146104
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ammonia level sensor using tapered optical fiber coated with titanium dioxide-incorporated porphyrin
Autorzy:
Parasuti, Frazna
Hikmawati, Dyah
Trilaksana, Herri
Yasin, Moh.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
ammonia sensing
tapered optical fibre
titanium dioxide
porphyrin
Opis:
Since ammonia is water-soluble, environmental studies have shown that the industrial waste such as fertilizer manufacturing, food products, palm oil, urea fertilizer industry can cause very serious damage to water body ecosystems if not properly managed, resulting in a decrease in water quality. Devices based on optical technology, especially devices that combine optical fibers and nanomaterials, are identified as highly sensitive to the species of interest by detecting changes in physicochemical properties. A practical, easy-to-use, inexpensive instrument for detecting ammonia level was proposed using tapered optical fiber (TOF) coated with titanium dioxide-incorporated porphyrin. TOF was fabricated by simultaneously stretching and heating. The preparation of TiO2/porphyrin/gelatine was prepared to coat tapered optical fiber by dipping. SEM analysis shows an increase in length and a decrease in diameter, also the successful coating of titanium dioxide and porphyrin in the taper region. The EDX analysis also proves the presence of the Ti element in the TOF layer. The TOF produces significant sensing performances toward the ammonia liquid concentration level. The TOF coated with titanium dioxide-incorporated porphyrin can detect a one ppm difference in ammonia concentration with a certain range of output voltage for every concentration has.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2023, 53, 3; 353--361
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vibration sensing with the optical fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Autorzy:
Kurzych, Anna T.
Jaroszewicz, Leszek R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
vibration sensor
optical fibre technology
Opis:
Vibration is a ubiquitous phenomenon that occurs in everyday life and people are exposed to it almost all the time. Most often, vibration is measured using electromechanical devices such as piezoelectric, piezoresistive, or capacitive accelerometers. However, attention should be paid to the limitations of such vibration sensors. They cannot operate in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. Measurements with electromechanical devices require physical contact between the sensor and the vibrating object, which is not always possible due to the design of the sensor and device. The possibility of a non-contact vibration measurement in harsh environments is provided by the technology of interferometric fibre optic sensors. This paper reports the principle of operation, design aspects, experimentation, and performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup for the measurement of vibration frequency. There are different sensing arms implemented in the interferometer: single-mode, polarization-maintaining, and tapered optical fibre. The paper emphasises the simplicity of the set-up structure and the detection capabilities based on the interferometric sensing giving the possibility of constructing a commercial vibration sensor for all industry demands.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 4; art. no. e148992
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brillouin backscattering analysis in recent generation of telecom optical fibers
Autorzy:
Lakomski, Mateusz
Tosik, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
Brillouin backscattering
optical fibre
optical fibre application
optical fibre sensor
strain measurement
Opis:
This paper reports on examination of the latest generation of telecom optical fibers for the Brillouin backscattering strain sensor application. Over 30 fibers from 5 different manufactures have been tested in terms of their ability to create a stable and accurate strain sensor. It has been proved that fibers that belong to the same standard, according to ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union), and even if provided by one manufacturer, demonstrate fundamentally different Brillouin backscattering response. It has been shown that unimodal Brillouin spectrum cannot be treated as the main parameter for fiber selection. In order to achieve accurate and reproducible results of strain measurement, it is necessary to perform initial examination of the fibers over the range of laser pulse width.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2022, 52, 3; 405--416
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of transmission properties of a tapered optical fibre with gold nanoparticles liquid crystal composite cladding
Autorzy:
Moś, Joanna E.
Stasiewicz, Karol A.
Jaroszewicz, Leszek R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
tapered optical fibre
liquid crystals
liquid crystal composites
nanoparticles
optical sensor
Opis:
The article presents a study of a hybrid structure based on the combination of a tapered optical fibre and gold nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid crystal material. Sensitivity to changes of the refractive index of the environment in which the structure is located, as well as the possibility of changing the refractive index of liquid crystals by external factors, such as temperature and electric field, were investigated. Electro- and thermally-induced changes of the refractive index of a liquid crystal through the rotation of a molecule director, which cause changes in the light propagated in a tapered optical fibre, were described. The most important issue in the article is to determine the influence of doping a liquid crystal with gold nanoparticles the concentration of which varies between 0.1 and 0.3 wt.%. The paper presents transmission measurements in a wide optical range depending on voltage, temperature, and frequency changes. Additionally, time courses of the obtained signal were measured. The study shows that the appropriate selection of nanoparticle concentration has a huge impact on the optical wave propagation. The experimental results show that the optical changes obtained for the investigated hybrid structure prefer it for use as an electrooptical switcher, filter, or sensor.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2022, 30, 4; art. no. e143936
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulations of a simple refractive index sensor based on side-hole optical fibres
Autorzy:
Dudek, Michał
Köllő, Kinga K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
fibre optic sensor
finite-difference time-domain
numerical simulations
refractive index
side-hole optical fibre
Opis:
In this work the influence of the cavity parameters on optical losses of a simple intensitybased in-line refractive index sensor utilizing a micromachined side-hole fibre was studied by means of numerical simulations. To perform these simulations, the Authors used the finite-difference time-domain method. The proposed sensor setup consists of light source, micromachined optical fibre as a sensor head, and a detector which makes it low-cost and easy to build. The changes of the external refractive index can be, therefore, recovered by direct measurements of the transmitted intensity from which insertion loss values can be calculated. By changing geometry of the cavity micromachined into the side-hole optical fibre, it was possible to determine its influence on the final sensor sensitivity and measurements range. Based on the provided analysis of simulations results, a simple fibre optic sensor can be fabricated mainly for sensing external liquids refractive index for application in biochemistry or healthcare.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2022, 30, 4; art. no. e143607
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical Fibers in the Design and Fabrication of Smart Garments – a Review
Autorzy:
King, Raji Rafiu
Qin, Luo
Ning, Li
Haijin, Liu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
plastic optical fibre
knitting
smart garment
textile material
optical material
Opis:
Several publications and even commercial products showcasing the application of optical fibers for textile goods abound in literature. Optical fibers can be employed as sensors by making use of physical principles to sense strain, temperature, and other quantities by tailoring the fiber such that the quantity to be measured alters the intensity, phase, polarisation, and wavelength of light within the fiber. However, a paper directed at the development of textile based applications or smart garments using optical fibers is lacking. This review seeks to serve as apt reference material for the development of optical fiber based textile sensors or smart garments with a focus on the application of plastic optical fibers (POFs). Highlighted are the salient material properties of POFs and their importance in delivering satisfactory sensing results. Special treatment has also been given to their proposed feasibility for embedment within weft knitted structures.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2022, 1 (151); 31--42
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectral analysis for tilted fiber Bragg gratings in the corrosion detection for concrete structure
Autorzy:
Kwong, Kok Zee
Udos, Waldo
Lim, Kok-Sing
Lee, Foo Wei
Tan, Chee Ghuan
Samion, Muhamad Zharif
Ahmad, Harith
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
tilted fibre Bragg grating
optical spectral analysis
Fourier transform
corrosion
steel bar
Opis:
An effective corrosion monitoring technique is sought after by the engineers for assessing the steel bar corrosion at the early stage for the maintenance and repair works, especially in the corrosive environments, such as coastal and marine. In this work, tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) with the optical sensor is employed in corrosion monitoring of a reinforced concrete structure. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of TFBG cladding resonance wavelengths to the change in the surrounding medium, the sensor is mounted on the steel bar that is embedded in a concreted block during an accelerated corrosion process. The acquired transmission spectrum of the TFBG during the procedure is digitally processed using Fourier Transform to produce an index that is sensitive to the generated corrosion product surrounding the TFBG sensor. This eases the analysis of the sophisticated TFBG transmission spectra. The generated index can be used as an indicator (indicator J ) for the corrosion process of the embedded steel bar in the concrete structure. This indicator J can act as an indicator to describe the corrosion activity and corrosion level at a specific point of the steel bar in concrete structures.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2022, 52, 3; 429--439
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fibre optic Bragg structures with monotonic apodisation characteristics
Światłowodowe struktury Bragga o monotonicznej charakterystyce apodyzacji
Autorzy:
Klimek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2070254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
apodised Bragg gratings
optical fibre sensor
FBG
CFBG
apodyzowane siatki Bragga
czujniki światłowodowe
Opis:
The article discussesthe principle of operation and the structure of chirped and uniformgratings. It presents the method of producing gratings with monotonic apodisation characteristics, and compares the spectral features of produced gratings with the those obtained by mathematical modelling.
W artykule omówiono zasadędziałania i budowę siatek chirpowych oraz siatek jednorodnych., przedstawiono sposób wytwarzania siateko monotonicznej charakterystyce apodyzacji, porównano charakterystyki spektralne siatek wytworzonych z charakterystykami uzyskanymi metodą modelowania matematycznego.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2021, 11, 4; 42--46
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formula for temperature distribution in multi-layer optical fibres for high-power fibre lasers
Autorzy:
Grábner, Martin
Peterka, Pavel
Honzátko, Pavel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
high-power fibre lasers
active optical fibres
temperature distribution
heat transfer
Opis:
High power fibre lasers need to be cooled efficiently to avoid their thermal damage. Temperature distribution in fibre should be estimated during the fibre laser design process. The steady-state heat equation in a cylindrical geometry is solved to derive a practical formula for temperature radial distribution in multi-layered optical fibres with arbitrary number of the layers. The heat source is located in one or more cylindrical domains. The validity of the analytical formula is tested by comparison with static heat transfer simulations of typical application examples including octagonal double clad fibre, air-clad fibre, fibre with nonuniform, microstructured core. The accuracy sufficient for practical use is reported even for cases with not exactly cylindrical domains.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2021, 29, 4; 126--132
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laser Power Transmission and Its Application in Laser-Powered Electrical Motor Drive: A Review
Autorzy:
Liu, Hongzuo
Zhang, Yixuan
Hu, Yihua
Tse, Zion
Wu, Jing
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
laser power transmission
photovoltaic material
laser diode
optical fibre power transmission
atmosphere transmission
Opis:
Laser power transmission (LPT) is considered a potentially efficient way for power delivery, especially in long-distance wireless applications and harsh hazardous environmental conditions. In contrast to other wireless power transmission (WPT) methods, LPT has many advantages such as lower device size, focused transmitting direction and high power density. With the development of technology, LPT has been widely adopted in several fields. In conservative industries, the utilisation of LPT can resolve the limitation problem in a wired connection. The adverse influence of electromagnetic interference (EMI) concerning application and high-temperature fields can be reduced. This paper will give a simple review of LPT and demonstrate the basic concept of a photoelectric emitter, transmission channel and receiver material. Based on the recent research about diode laser beam combining technology and high-efficiency multi-junction photovoltaics (PV) materials, the advised LPT devices for simple application as laser power motor will be simply discussed.
Źródło:
Power Electronics and Drives; 2021, 6, 41; 167-184
2451-0262
2543-4292
Pojawia się w:
Power Electronics and Drives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stretchable optical fibre sensor for soft surgical robot shape reconstruction
Autorzy:
He, Yanlin
Gao, Likun
Bai, Yuchen
Zhu, Hangwei
Sun, Guangkai
Zhu, Lianqing
Xu, Haidong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
soft robotics
minimally invasive surgery
shape measurement
stretchable structure
optical fibre
Opis:
Soft robotics presents several advantages in the field of minimally invasive surgery. However, existing methods have not fully addressed problems related to soft robot shape sensing due to the complex motion of soft robots and the stretchable nature of the soft materials employed. This study demonstrates the shape sensing of a soft robot with a helically embedded stretchable fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based optical fibre sensor. Unlike straight FBG embedding configurations, this unique helical configuration prevents sensor dislocation, supports material stretchability, and facilitates shape detection for various soft-robot movements. The proposed soft-robot design principle and FBG sensor are analysed and their fabrication process, which includes an FBG-written optical fibre sensor, is described. Bending experiments are conducted with the soft robot, the wavelengths of FBG sensors at different bending and telescopic movement states are obtained, and the soft-robot shape is reconstructed. Experimental results demonstrate that the maximum error between FBG sensing and the actual bending state is less than 2.5%, validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed helical stretchable FBG sensing method for the shape measurement of soft robots. These results indicate the potential and applicability of this shape-sensing approach in biomedical research.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2021, 51, 4; 589-604
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wideband optical frequency comb generation using a fiber re-circulating loop cascaded with a spectrum expander including highly nonlinear fiber
Autorzy:
Wang, F.
Kang, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
optical frequency comb
highly nonlinear fibre
cascaded four-wave mixing
Opis:
A wideband optical frequency comb (OFC) generator using a fiber re-circulating loop (FRL) including a phase modulator and optical amplifier, cascaded with a spectrum expander containing a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier and highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, in which the FRL is used as a source to generate seed comb lines, and then generated seed comb lines are extended to a wideband optical frequency comb using cascaded four-wave mixing in the HNLF. Only using one stage spectrum expander, a stable 20-GHz optical comb with 201 comb lines within 30-dB power deviation, spanning 40-nm bandwidth, is achieved. The results show that the HNLF has unique ability to broaden output spectrum from the FRL. In addition, an optical frequency comb is dramatically broadened, which may be predicted by optimizing gain and dispersion of the FRL or configuration of the spectrum expander, or both.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2021, 51, 2; 181-191
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phase coding of information in the optical fibre sensor
Autorzy:
Życzkowski, M.
Karol, M.
Pałka, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
optical fibre sensors
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
quantum sensors
Opis:
Determining the dependence of phase difference modulations between light pulses in a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to develop an optical system coding the information and working as an eavesdropping sensor for an optical fibre information exchange system. The basic challenge in the system development is to maintain stable operation in changing environmental conditions, as well as to ensure optimal parameters of the phase modulator. The system was tested for various many-kilometer long transmission lines of single-mode fibres. The research was focused on achieving the normative Bit Error Rate for the system in the 100 Mbit/s range (STM-1). Such a system can be used in commercial applications for the code key secure transmission in the physical layer of the link.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2020, 28, 1; 1--7
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new optical frequency transfer method via fibre based on active phase noise compensation with single acousto-optic modulator
Autorzy:
Wang, Guoyong
Yao, Yuanbo
Yan, Tao
Bian, Lang
Meng, Yansong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
acousto-optic modulator
optical frequency transfer over fibre
phase noise compensation
relative frequency stability
Opis:
In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method for optical frequency transfer over fibre. Instead of dual acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) as adopted in the traditional fibre phase noise compensation setup, here an active fibre phase noise compensation scheme with a single acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used. The configuration simplifies the equipment of the user end while maintaining a high-performance optical frequency transfer stability. We demonstrate an actively stabilized coherent transfer at an optical frequency of 193.55THz over 10-km spooled fibre, obtaining a relative frequency stability (Allan deviation) of 3.84 x 10-16/1 s and 4.08 x 10-18/104 s, which is improved by about 2~3 orders of magnitude in comparison with the one without any phase noise compensation that achieves a relative frequency stability of 1.81 x 10-14/1 s and 2.48 x 10-15/104 s.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2019, 26, 1; 115-124
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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