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Wyszukujesz frazę "oil development" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Non-Oil Tax Revenue and Infrastructural Development in Nigeria
Autorzy:
Oziegbe, David Jerry
Itua, Perpetual Omoyemi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-05-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
Autoregressive Distributive Lag
Non-oil Tax Revenue
Infrastructural Development
Opis:
In Nigeria, there has been a decline in oil revenue. This has impacted negatively on infrastructural development. This paper seeks to examine the effect of non-oil revenue as an alternative source of revenue for infrastructural development. The research design of the study was the ex post facto research design. The source of data was the secondary source and a time series of data from 1981 to 2021 was used in carrying out the research. The Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds test was used to determine the long-run and short-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. It was observed that the variables are co-integrated, and as such, a long-run and short-run relationship exists among the explanatory variables. Furthermore, the ARDL short-run estimation result shows that the non-oil tax variables (proxied by VAT, CUSTD, and CIT) have a positive and significant effect on infrastructural development (proxied by total electricity production measured in Gigawatt hours (GWh) in Nigeria. In tandem, the ARDL long-run estimation results reveal that value-added tax, customs duties, and company income tax have a positive and significant impact on infrastructural development in Nigeria. Hence, an increase in the non-oil tax revenue base will boost infrastructural development in Nigeria in the long run. This finding is in tandem with the ARDL short-run estimation result. Therefore, it is inferred that Nigeria can experience infrastructural development when genuine commitment is made to explore an increase in non-oil revenue generation instead of being over-dependent on oil revenue.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 200-213
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the co-processing technology of crude oil and coal and its deployment
Autorzy:
Li, Suan
Liu, Qi
Deng, Qingyu
Ye, Hang
Zhou, Xuejie
Qiao, Aijun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
crude oil
coal
the co-processing technology
process development
industrial application
Opis:
The effect of process conditions on the co-processing technology of crude oil and coal was investigated. Crude oil/coal matching performance, swelling degree, crude oil/coal slurry viscosity-temperature characteristics and process parameters were obtained via the laboratory scale and pilot scale studies. The optimum reaction temperature of the co-processing was 445~450 °C, the pressure was 19 MPa, the catalyst addition was 3 wt.%, the reaction time was 2 h, and the ratio of hydrogen to crude oil was 1500 (V/V). Furthermore, the co-processing technology including catalyst and corresponding equipment based on the slurry bed hydrogenation were developed. By using this co-processing technology, the feed ratio of crude oil and coal can be 1:1, the coal conversion rate can be over 99%, the light oil (oil and aromatics) yield was over 70%, and the end products were gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aromatics and LPG. The product quality meets the Euro V standard, whilst aromatics accounted for 48% of the light oil. So it was proved to be feasible to co-refine crude oil and coal at a ratio of 1:1. What’s more, the slurry bed hydrogenation plant and its equipment were tested for long-term operation, and it has been proved that this co-processing technology could be deployed as large-scale industrial application.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2022, 24, 4; 39--50
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the Efficiency of Using Organic Waste from the Brewing Industry for Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils
Autorzy:
Strizhenok, Alexey V.
Korelskiy, Denis S.
Choi, Yosoon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
environment
sustainable development
oil-contaminated soil
bioremediation
organic waste
brewing industry
sparging
kieselguhr
Opis:
At present, the development and optimization of methods to eliminate the consequences of soil contamination with hydrocarbons is gaining increasing economic and social importance; it is the basis for sustainable development of the oil industry. Within the frames of the scientific research, a review of literature was carried out in the sphere of utilization of organic wastes from the food industry in reclamation of oil-contaminated soils; an experimental study of efficiency of the use of wastes from the brewing industry in the process of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils was conducted and phytotoxicity of these wastes was determined. Experimental research was conducted at different initial concentrations of oil in the soil, which allowed to establish the optimal range of oil pollution level at which the efficiency of brewing waste use is the highest. Thus, at low concentrations (1000–2000 mg/kg), the dynamics of oil concentration decrease in the soil remained preserved throughout the whole duration of the experiment, and the efficiency of oil destruction in the soil exceeded 98%, which confirmed the overall efficiency of application of brewing waste for reclamation of oil-contaminated soils.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 4; 66-77
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expansion of the Oil Terminal in Gdańsk – Outlook and Benefits for the Oil Security of Poland
Autorzy:
Wojcieszak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
development
Gdańsk
terminal
crude oil
outlook
security
Opis:
The paper shows the role of and the outlooks for the extension of Naftoport Oil Terminal in Gdańsk, Poland as well as the impact of the ongoing development on oil import options and, as a result, on the oil security of the country. The expansion of the oil terminal in Gdańsk is an extremely important project and the largest investment of this type in Poland. Key elements of the development of the terminal are: new transshipment stations and their enhancement, new oil tanks, the construction of the second oil pipeline running to the center of Poland, the development of crude oil technological installations, electricity grid, water and foam networks, sanitary networks, roads, and automation systems. The expansion of Naftoport significantly increases Poland’s oil security as well as import capabilities of the country, ensuring continuous oil supplies to Polish refineries, often at a lower price.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2020, 34(34); 186-200
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural - Resource Curse, Niger Delta Crisis and Oil Exploration in Nigeria: A Theoretical Analysis
Autorzy:
Mevayerore, Daniel Igbini
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031839.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Natural Resources
Niger Delta Crisis
Nigeria
Oil Exploration
Resource Curse
Socioeconomic Development
Opis:
This investigation inspects the contemporary Niger Delta crisis and its socioeconomic problems, as well as the underdevelopment status in the region from one hand and the nation on the other hand to the discovery cum exploration of raw petroleum stores in huge amounts utilizing the Resource Curse hypothesis as a core interest. The investigation contended that the discovery of oil and its exploration in huge amount throughout the years has produced clashes as opposed to harmony between the host communities, the multinational corporations as well as the Government on the on hand, and has generated intra and inter-communal crisis on the other hand. The study addresses these substances and relates same to the exercises of the Federal Government of Nigeria and the act of Quasi-federalism in the nation since her freedom. The study embraces the recorded and scientific structure as it methodological part. This means that relevant data for the study were derived from secondary sources via; textbooks, journal articles, official documents, and web materials. Above all, the investigation proffers valuable suggestions to be embraced by the government of the league to take out blended emotions and crisis in the host communities just as that between the worldwide companies, government and the oil rich communities in the Niger Delta. Likewise of significance, is an extreme way to deal with crisis is for the Government to dispense with the underdevelopment status of the nation in the global financial cum political field?
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2020, 141; 1-11
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformation of the conditions of socio-economic development of Azerbaijan in the post-pandemic period (by September 2020)
Autorzy:
Chingiz, Ismayilov
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
transformation conditions
economic development
post-pandemic period
oil industry
Azerbaijan
Opis:
The global economic crisis and the spread of the pandemic virus in a short period have radically changed the world around people. The curtailment of production, the closure of different kinds of services, self-isolation, and the distribution of virtual contacts has become characteristic in the state of almost every country. Depending on the level of socio-economic development, not all countries are equally experiencing this difficult period of crisis in modern civilization. The spread of COVID-19 and the global economic crisis, accompanied by a sharp drop in oil prices, have had a significant impact on the socio-economic condition of the oil exporting countries. Azerbaijan, such a country facing these emerging problems, has taken steps to prevent the spread of the pandemic beyond the metropolitan region. Thanks to a balanced fiscal and monetary policy of the government, as well as the availability of sufficient foreign exchange reserves, the negative impact of the above factors has been minimized. The implementation of the oil strategy of the republic has created favorable conditions for the development of the non-oil sector of the economy. Participation in international transport and logistics projects contributed to the development of inter-district and intra-district transport infrastructures. An extensive network of transport and communication systems has favored the economic development of the regions of the republic. Despite the changing conditions of social economic development of the country, the process of creating infrastructure facilities continued. Of course, the new conditions have adjusted the implementation of state programs for the construction of new economic and socially significant facilities. Large financial deductions from the sovereign Oil Fund of the republic allowed for the shortest possible time to put into operation mobile hospitals, enterprises for the production of medical masks, as well as subsidies to support small and medium enterprises. The new picture more actualizes the development of the non-oil sector of the economy, especially the agricultural sectors. With this in mind, when developing a new strategy for the future development of the republic, one should take into account the lessons of the occurrence of previously unforeseen risks. This will mitigate the blow of new possible cataclysms and get out of the crisis situations with the least social and economic losses.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2020, 10, 4; 1-7
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Ecological Condition of Taiga Topsoil During Commercial Development
Autorzy:
Sivkov, Y.
Nikiforov, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
soil
pollutants
oil
industrial development
ecology
Opis:
The paper analyses the ecological properties of taiga topsoil during its commercial development and assesses the consequences of impact which will be made by the future facilities on the environment (taking into account the types of impact, their characteristics, the tendencies of transformation in the nature systems growing with the increase of service life, which were detected at the producing fields), sanitary and socioeconomic aspects of the facilities operation under the conditions of specific geographical complexes. The object of study included waspodzolic and swamp-podzolic soils located in the Uvat district in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region of Tyumen region, in the area of potential impact of industrial facilities. The method of study implied the selection of soil specimens and their examination according to the standard practices. Ten specimens were taken from each of three areas of sampling. The specimens were subjected to office study in order to determine eleven parameters. The sources of impact made by the oil and gas facility on the environment were the material objects (buildings, constructions etc.), elements and assemblies of basic and auxiliary technologies which result in pollutants emission. The major impact on topsoil at the stage of preparatory works and construction of facilities was the mechanical damage to the natural state of soils. It is primarily connected with sites stripping from forestry and ground leveling. The paper reviews the issues of ecological condition of topsoil and forecast of possible changes while commercial development of the studied area. A negative load on soil may be decreased through planning and implementation of organizational measures on assessment of current state of the topsoil within the field and environmental threat from basic and auxiliary industrial facilities.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 1; 163-169
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Productivism and post-productivism in the olive groves of southern Spain
Autorzy:
Sánchez Martínez, José Domingo
Almonacid, Antonio Garrido
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Common Agricultural Policy
olive oil
rural development
monoculture
southern Spain
Opis:
This work examines changes in the cultivation of olive groves in the region of Andalusia since the accession of Spain to the European Common Market (1986). The first phase is marked by the triumph of productivism in which some of the basic elements of this model (specialisation and intensification) are overwhelming, according to the statistical sources used for this research, although the behaviour in terms of corporate concentration can be considered unique. Also notable, as we will explain later, are other less desirable effects of the process, which can currently be considered environmentally unsustainable. As the weaknesses and contradictions of the model have become evident, in the recent years – as a result of the new stimuli provided by the Common Agricultural Policy – more attention is paid to the opportunities offered by rural development. For the moment, the results of this approach have been limited, although the 2015–2020 planning period could be decisive for its reorientation.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2017, 36, 2; 57-69
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sustainability, Corporate Community Engagement and Enterprise Development – Lessons from a Case Study in Emu-Ebendo Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Zrównoważenie, korporacyjne zaangażowanie społeczne i rozwój przedsiębiorstw – lekcja z Emu-Ebendo w delcie Nigru, Nigeria
Autorzy:
Ajide, O. E.
Strachan, P. A.
Russell, A.
Jones, D. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371199.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
community engagement
community enterprise development
sustainability
local content
Niger Delta
Nigeria
oil and gas
zaangażowanie społeczne
społeczny rozwój przedsiębiorstwa
zrównoważoność
lokalna zawartość
Delta Nigru
ropa i gaz
Opis:
Corporate community engagement remains an under researched area in sustainability debates. Presenting a case study, based on in-depth interviews and site visits, of how one indigenous company Energia Ltd has formed a strong partnership or bond with the Emu-Ebendo community in the oil rich Niger Delta, the dynamics of corporate community engagement are critically discussed. Evidence of how both the company and community has benefited from this relationship is presented. The case analysis concludes that the company has effectively utilised a clearer understanding of the culture of the host community, leading to a transformational relationship. The approach adopted by Energia Ltd in the Emu-Ebendo community is unique in context. The key conclusion reached is that community benefit funds and community enterprise development, as a derivative of corporate engagement, can play a transformational role in societal and economic development.
Kwestia korporacyjnego zaangażowania społecznego nie jest często podejmowana w ramach debat o rozwoju zrównoważonym. Lukę tę uzupełnia niniejsze studium przypadku, oparte na szczegółowych wywiadach i pracy w terenie. Pokazujemy, w jaki sposób kompania Energia Ltd wprowadziła zasadę partnerstwa, w wyniku której nawiązała się silna więź pomiędzy firmą a społecznością Emu-Ebendo zamieszkującą bogatą w ropę Deltę Nigru. Przedstawiono dowody, jakie korzyści odniosły zarówno kompania, jak i społeczność. Przeprowadzono analiza pokazuje, że firma efektywnie wykorzystała zasady wyznaczające ramy kultury lokalnej społeczności, co prowadziło do pozytywnych zmian odnoszących się do wzajemnej relacji. Podejście przyjęte przez Energia Ltd wobec społeczności Emu-Ebendo jest nowatorskie. Okazało się, że fundusze świadczeń społecznych i społeczny rozwój przedsiębiorstw, będące pochodną zaangażowania korporacyjnego, mogą odgrywać podstawową rolę w przemianach społecznego i ekonomicznego rozwoju.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2017, 12, 2; 59-67
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The costs of resource-led development. An analysis of the economic impact of the oil extraction boom in Colombia
Koszty rozwoju opartego na surowcach naturalnych. Analiza gospodarczych konsekwencji boomu w wydobyciu ropy naftowej w Kolumbii
Autorzy:
Kupisz, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/646146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Kolumbia
surowce mineralne
choroba holenderska
ropa naftowa
rozwój
państwowe przedsiębiorstwa naftowe
Ecopetrol
Colombia
mineral resources
Dutch disease
oil
development
national oil companies
Opis:
Państwa bogate w zasoby ropy naftowej często muszą się mierzyć z negatywnymi dla ich wydajności gospodarczej konsekwencjami rozwoju opartego na surowcach naturalnych. Jednym z powodów jest fakt, że zwiększenie poziomu wydobycia w danym kraju często prowadzi do różnorakich zmian w jego polityce publicznej i zarządzaniu przychodami. Kolumbia to kraj, który spektakularnie zwiększył produkcję ropy o prawie 500 tysięcy baryłek dziennie w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat. Było to głównie efektem polityki silnie zorientowanej na przyciąganie inwestycji do sektora naftowego. Kraj jest obecnie czwartym co do wielkości producentem ropy w Ameryce Łacińskiej, odnotowując blisko dziesięć razy większe wartości eksportu niż pod koniec XX w. Gospodarcze skutki boomu naftowego są już widoczne, co stwarza wiele nowych wyzwań dla rządu. Konieczne jest szczególnie zapewnienie Kolumbii zrównoważonego rozwoju i ograniczenie wpływu spadających światowych cen ropy naftowej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań na temat wpływu rozwoju sektora ropy na gospodarkę kolumbijską w XXI w., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obecnej sytuacji.
Oil-rich countries often face negative consequences of natural resources-led development on their overall economic performance. One of the reasons is that a country’s rising extraction rates frequently lead to various changes in its public policy and revenue management. Colombia has spectacularly increased its oil production by almost 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) in ten years, which was the effect principally of the implementation of strongly market-oriented petroleum policies in 2003. It is now the fourth largest crude producer in Latin America, registering nearly ten times more export sales than at the end of the 20th century. The economic effects of the oil-boom are already visible, which has created many new challenges the government must face in order to ensure sustainable development in the country, and to be able to mitigate the impact of the recently dropping world oil prices. The purpose of the article is to present the latest findings on the impact of the oil sector development on the Colombian economy in the 21st century, focusing especially on the current situation.
Źródło:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa; 2016, 13; 79-94
2082-4440
2300-6005
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The development of technology for obtaining essential oils from Scots pine tree foliage
Rozwój technologii pozyskiwania olejków eterycznych z drzew sosny
Autorzy:
Daugavietis, M.
Spalvis, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/8606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
technological development
essential oil
Scotch pine
tree
foliage
needle
steam
distillation
consumption
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2014, 87
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unikalne znaczenie wody chrzcielnej i jej wykradanie do praktyk magicznych przyczyną ewolucji formy chrzcielnicy i jej zabezpieczenia
Baptismal font form evolution and protection of the place of baptism celebration resulting from the growing importance of baptismal water and instances of its stealing for sorcery rituals
Autorzy:
Nowiński, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-05-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
chrzest
chrzcielnica
zabezpieczenie chrzcielnicy
woda chrztu
profanacja sakramentów
czarna magia
praktyki magiczne
magiczne figurki z wosku
The growing importance of baptismal water since the 3rd c
emphasized in the ceremony of its blessing with holy oils (benedictio fontis) which occurred in the Early Middle Ages and Carolingian ceremonies
developed the perception of baptismal water as a res sacra
a holy item category
turning it into unique matter
Its presence in the baptismal font influenced the development of the shape and decoration of the baptismal vessel
primarily by compositionally exposing the basin which clearly dominated the pedestal
The holiness and the sanctifying power of the Sacrament matter were illustrated in the font basin decoration
In the Middle Ages
the sacramental matter of baptismal water was used in sorcery practices related to the so-called effigy magic (invultuatio)
In order to enhance the magic power and identification with sorcery addressees
wax figurines that represented them underwent a rite of sorcery Baptism being given the name of an individual a magic ritual was targeted at
As a result
baptismal water together with the consecrated oil of Chrism and oil of the Catechumens were stolen from churches
Those sacrilege practices made the Church issue an order to keep baptismal fonts locked (sub clave)
the latter resulting in various forms of preventing access to the baptismal font
from simple lids strengthened with metal ferrules
up to impressive conic ones
with time becoming more and more artistically elaborate
The problem of securing fonts remained open also in the post-Tridentine period
Rituale Romanum issued in 1614 instructed to lock the fonts and fence them off with a closing balustrade
transl
Magdalena Iwińska
baptism
baptismal font
baptismal font protection
baptismal water
Sacrament profanation
black magic
sorcery practices
sorcery wax figurines
Opis:
The growing importance of baptismal water since the 3rd c., emphasized in the ceremony of its blessing with holy oils (benedictio fontis) which occurred in the Early Middle Ages and Carolingian ceremonies, developed the perception of baptismal water as a res sacra, a holy item category, turning it into unique matter. Its presence in the baptismal font influenced the development of the shape and decoration of the baptismal vessel, primarily by compositionally exposing the basin which clearly dominated the pedestal. The holiness and the sanctifying power of the Sacrament matter were illustrated in the font basin decoration. In the Middle Ages, the sacramental matter of baptismal water was used in sorcery practices related to the so-called effigy magic (invultuatio). In order to enhance the magic power and identification with sorcery addressees, wax figurines that represented them underwent a rite of sorcery Baptism being given the name of an individual a magic ritual was targeted at. As a result, baptismal water together with the consecrated oil of Chrism and oil of the Catechumens were stolen from churches. Those sacrilege practices made the Church issue an order to keep baptismal fonts locked (sub clave), the latter resulting in various forms of preventing access to the baptismal font: from simple lids strengthened with metal ferrules, up to impressive conic ones, with time becoming more and more artistically elaborate. The problem of securing fonts remained open also in the post-Tridentine period. Rituale Romanum issued in 1614 instructed to lock the fonts and fence them off with a closing balustrade.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2014, 35, 2; 175-191
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges for Sustainable Development: The Case of Shale Gas Exploitation in Poland
Wyzwania dla rozwoju zrównoważonego: przypadek eksploatacji gazu łupkowego w Polsce
Autorzy:
Siemek, J.
Nagy, S.
Siemek, P
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
sustainable development
sustainable energy
oil shale
gaseous energy industry
rozwój zrównoważony
zrównoważona energia
gaz łupkowy
energetyka gazowa
Opis:
In the current century, natural gas has become the most important fossil energy resource and also important en-ergy fuel in general. And these are both due to significant resources, especially of unconventional natural gas, and ease of transport or transmission, use but also the level of carbon dioxide emissions from burning natural gas. Significant increase in gas consumption, in all regions, will be marked in the energy sector. Northern America and Western and Central Europe consume most of the gas on electricity and heat production. The exploration of unconventional gas reservoirs has been discussed recently in several scientific fields. Technical, organizational and economic challenges related to sustainable exploration, documentation of reserves, exploitation and devel-opment of shale gas technology have been addressed in this paper. Activities oriented to acceleration of pro-specting and investment activities as well as difficulties with introducing pro-ecological procedures and technical modifications caused by minimization of influence of the drilling and environmental simulation of production wells have been presented. This study explains some ecological aspects of the extraction technology. The pace of technological development in Poland may be considerably delayed by the new requirements set by geological and mining law, slowing down of exploration works and recognition of most important gaseous hori-zons. The scope of investments spent on infrastructure for treating, transport and distribution of gas may have an impact on the rate of realizing energy investment. The rate of development of industry will be conditioned by properly defined economic objectives and the feasible development of gaseous energy industry, being an element supporting the classic coal energy, now mainly a regulation of energy sales in peak seasons. Probable scenarios (based upon business, legal and geological situation) have been discussed.
Gaz ziemny jest obecnie jednym z najważniejszych nośników tak energii kopalnej, jak i energii w ogólności. Dzieje się tak z uwagi na powszechną dostępność zasobów, łatwość w jego transportowaniu, a także z uwagi na niski poziom emisji CO2 podczas spalania tego nośnika energii. Prognozuje się dalszy wzrost wykorzystywania gazu w sektorze energetycznym i to we wszystkich regionach świata. W Ameryce Północnej a także Europie Zachodniej i Wschodniej gaz służy do produkcji energii elektrycznej i cieplnej. Ostatnio coraz częściej na nau-kowych forach dyskutuje się zagadnienie eksploatacji zasobów gazu niekonwencjonalnego. W tym artykule przedstawiamy uwarunkowania eksploatacji gazu łupkowego w kontekście rozwoju zrównoważonego, prezentu-jąc aspekty techniczne, organizacyjne i ekonomiczne odnoszące się do stanu rozpoznania zasobów i ich eksploa-tacji. Przedstawiono podejmowane działania mające na celu zwiększenie poziomu pozyskiwania gazu łupkowe-go i problemy związane z wdrażaniem procedur proekologicznych i modyfikacji technicznych, wynikające z obowiązku minimalizowania wpływu na środowisko procesu wiercenia. Artykuł wyjaśnia także podstawowe aspekty ekologiczne związane ze szczelinowaniem. W Polsce rozwój tych technologii może ulec ograniczeniu z uwagi na nowe wymagania wynikające z prawa geologicznego i górniczego, spowalniające prace poszukiwawcze i rozpoznawanie zasobów. Niezbędne jest określenie poziomu środków finansowych niezbędnych do tworzenia infrastruktury związanej z pozyskiwaniem, transportem i dystrybucją gazu. Ujmując inaczej, szybkość rozwoju przemysłu gazowego będzie uwarunkowana przez właściwie rozpoznanie uwarunkowań ekonomicznych. W artykule przedstawiono także prawdopodobne scenariusze na przyszłość, oparte na podstawach biznesowych, prawnych i geologicznych.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2013, 8, 1; 91-104
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GU(U)AM – from declaration to reality
Autorzy:
Król‑Mazur, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
GUAM
UE
energy security
Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
Transport Corridor Europe‑Caucasus‑Asia
Intrastate Oil Gas Transport to Europe
Southeast European Law Enforcement Center
Opis:
The article seeks to characterise the activity of GUUAM, an organisation of post‑Soviet states set up in 1997 comprising Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (officially withdrew in 2005), Azerbaijan and Moldova, to cooperate on issues of shared importance. After presenting a historical overview of the organisation’s beginnings, the author analyses their joint security issues, their dependence on Russian energy sources, and finding ways of diversifying and transmitting key resources. In her reflections on the future of the organisation, she concludes that GUUAM’s main policies will remain strictly tied to energy security issues.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2013, 48
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda prognozowania deformacji powierzchni terenu w rejonie złóż gazu i ropy naftowej wraz z analizą zagrożeń infrastruktury technicznej
Method of surface deformations prediction in the natural gas and petroleum mining areas with technical infrastructure risk assessment method
Autorzy:
Hejmanowski, R.
Malinowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
logika rozmyta
modelowanie
deformacje górotworu
eksploatacja gazu
ropa naftowa
fuzzy logic
modeling
roc mass deformation
natural gas
oil development
Opis:
Eksploatacja złóż gazu ziemnego i ropy naftowej w pewnych warunkach zalegania tych złóż może wywoływać deformacje ciągłe powierzchni terenu. Deformacje takie objawiają się w postaci niecek obniżeniowych o znacznym zasięgu i maksymalnych obniżeniach zależnych od całkowitej miąższości basenu, właściwości kompakcyjnych skał i szeregu innych czynników. W historii zdarzały się niecki o maksymalnych obniżeniach dochodzących do 9 metrów. W niecce obniżeniowej występują także strefy naprężeń niebezpieczne dla infrastruktury technicznej i budynków. Deformacje takie mogą wpływać niekorzystnie na budynki i budowle, ale także na infrastrukturę własną zakładów górniczych. Znane są przypadki zniszczenia otworów i ich uzbrojenia, bądź utraty ich szczelności. Z uwagi na to istnieje konieczność wykonywania analizy możliwości wystąpienia takich niekorzystnych zjawisk, monitorowania deformacji w trakcie eksploatacji złoża i ochrony infrastruktury zlokalizowanej w zasięgu wpływów eksploatacji. W artykule przedstawiona jest problematyka prognozowania deformacji powierzchni w warunkach eksploatacji złóż surowców ciekłych i gazowych. Przyjęto założenie o związku przyczynowo-skutkowym między kompakcją skały basenu a obniżeniem powierzchni terenu. Model obliczeniowy oparto na tzw. funkcji wpływów i superpozycji wpływów elementarnych. Dla celów ochrony obiektów i infrastruktury opracowany został model oceny zagrożenia obiektów bazujący na elementach logiki rozmytej. Model ten pozwala na uwzględnienie w analizach czynników ilościowych i jakościowych determinujących zagrożenie uszkodzeniem. Dzięki temu możliwe jest uzyskanie jednoznacznej wartości różnicującej zagrożenie poszczególnych budynków na danym terenie. Analizy przestrzenne, które pozwalają na uwzględnienie dużej ilości budynków mogą być wspomagane poprzez zastosowanie systemów GIS. W artykule zostało to zilustrowane na przykładzie praktycznym.
Hydrocarbon production under certain geological conditions of these deposits can cause surface subsidence and deformation of the terrain surface. Such deformations appear as subsidence troughs of considerable range and the magnitude of the subsidence depending on the total thickness of the reservoir, compaction properties of reservoir and on the number of other factors. In the past there have been widely recognized magnitudes of the subsidence up to 9 meters. The stress zones in the subsidence trough may affect the buildings and surface structures. However there have been well known some cases of destroyed boreholes or pipelines belonging to the gas or oil mine. Therefore there is a requirement to analyze the possibility of occurrence unfavorable phenomenon on the ground surface, to monitor surface deformations during production and to protect surface infrastructure located in the range of mining influences. In the paper the issue of surface subsidence caused by hydrocarbon production has been presented. The cause - effect relationship between the compaction of thereservoir rock and the subsidence of surface area has been assumed. The prediction model base on the influence function and on the superposition of elementary influences. For the purpose of building damage protection a new model of risk assessment has been developed. This model base on the elements of fuzzy logicallows to incorporate in the analysis the quantitative and qualitative factors that contribute to the risk of building damage. Use of the fuzzy logic made it possible to obtain one value which clearly discriminate the risk of buildings damage. However, risk analyzes of damage to the large number of buildings has been required additional tools. The spatial analysis has been made by using GIS. The subjects of the paper have been illustrated with a practical example.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2012, 28, 3; 113-125
0860-0953
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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