Temat: offender - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Przyczyny i czynniki stymulujące przestępstwa rozbójnicze
Causes and Factors of Crime Racketeering and Extortion
Autorzy:: Adamczyk, Magdalena
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140563.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-12-30
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:: demoralizacja
przestępca
rodzina patologiczna
agresja
demoralisation
offender
family pathological
agresion
Opis:: W artykule omówiono przyczyny i czynniki mające wpływ na przestępczość rozbójniczą. Przybliżono wpływ środowiska rodzinnego, rówieśniczego, czynników osobowościowych, sytuacyjnych i wiele innych w oparciu o badania sondażowe przeprowadzone w Areszcie Śledczym w Poznaniu wśród osadzonych. Określono związki korelacyjne pomiędzy poszczególnymi czynnikami a przyczynami przestępczości rozbójnicze tj. jak bezrobocie, zatrudnienie, gęstość zaludnienia.
The article discusses the causes and factors that influence crime robbery. Approximated the effect of family environment, peer, personality factors, situational, and many others. Discusses the survey carried out in Remand in Poznan among inmates. The parsed correlations of variables IE. as unemployment, employment, population density.
Źródło:: Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2017, 11, 2; 156-173
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:: Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Cyberprzemoc w opiniach uczniów szkół średnich
The Perception of Cyberbullying by Students
Autorzy:: BARTKOWICZ, ZDZISŁAW
CHUDNICKI, ANDRZEJ
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/457699.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:: cyberprzemoc
przemoc szkolna
postawy młodzieży wobec przemocy sprawcy i ofiary cyberprzemocy
cyberbullying
school violence
the attitude of young people to violence
the offender and the victim of cyberbullying
Opis:: Nasilenie zjawiska cyberprzemocy na tle przemocy tradycyjnej wśród 76 uczniów kończących naukę w szkole średniej zmierzono za pomocą Skali do Badania Przemocy zawierającej 20 opisów przemocy szkolnej (opatrzonych 7-stopniowymi skalami typu self-report), do której dodano 5-itemową podskalę Cyberprzemoc. Ustalono, że badani stosują i doświadczają agresji elektronicznej rzadziej niż tradycyjnej przemocy szkolnej, niemniej uczestniczenie w cyberprzemocy w roli sprawcy lub ofiary dotyczy aż 59,2% badanych. Co trzeci uczeń (32,9%) stosuje albo doświadcza cyberprzemocy systematycznie. Zidentyfikowano 14,4% typowych ofiar biernych i tyle samo ofiar agresywnych, a tylko 3,9% typowych sprawców cyberprzemocy. Zauważono, że badana młodzież dość liberalnie ocenia przemoc elektroniczną i realizowaną w sposób tradycyjny. Wskazano na pedagogiczne implikacje wynikające z uzyskanych wyników.
The intensity of cyberbullying against traditional violence among 76 students graduating from secondary school was measured using the Violence Research Scale, containing 20 descriptions of school violence (with 7-point self-report scales), to which a 5-item Cyberbullying subscale was added. It was established that the respondents use and experience electronic aggression less frequently than traditional school violence, nevertheless, participation in cyberbullying as the perpetrator or victim concerns as many as 59.2% of the respondents. Every third student (32.9%) uses or experiences cyberbullying systematically. 14.4% of typical passive victims and the same number of aggressive victims were identified, and only 3.9% of typical perpetrators of cyberbullying. It was noted that the surveyed youth is quite liberal in evaluating electronic violence as well as being carried out in a traditional way. Pedagogical implications resulting from the obtained results have been pointed out.
Źródło:: Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2019, 10, 2; 264-269
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:: Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Teoretyczne podstawy mediacji między ofiarą a sprawcą przestępstwa
The Theoretical Foundations of Mediation Between the Victim and Offender
Autorzy:: Czarnecka-Dzialuk, Beata
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698941.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2000
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: mediacja
ofiara
konflikt
przestępca
victim
offender
mediation
conflict
Opis:: Mediation as a method of conflict resolution also applicable to conflict resulting from an offences is the alternative of legal solution of disputes, a technique shared by various models that promote the use in practice of consensus. This novel plocedure fot conflict resolution (which is however derived from the traditions of the oldest societies) - a consensual one, based on agreement between parties - has been developing most dynamically over the recent decades, and pervaded all branches of the law in most legal systems (H. Jung, T. Marshall). In the specific context of criminal justice, mediation does not necessarily aim at conflict resolution. For this reason, it is defined as a process, where parties to proceedings are offered the possibility to actively participate in resolving issues that result from the offence, and are assisted in so doing by an impartial third person or mediator. Mediation may take a variety of forms (direct or indirect); it may be conducted by professional or lay mediators, under auspices of the law enforcement agencies or by an independent social organization, and the parties to it may include not only the victim and the offender but also their relatives and other supporters as well as representatives of the criminal justice system. As has already been mentioned, the origins of mediation between the offender and his victim date back to the oldest past when all issues related to harm involved in acts that are today treated as offences were adjusted in the course of negotiations by those directly concerned assisted by their families and clans. The offences was seen as a conflict between the victim and the perpetrator, with due consideration to the social context. Once the function of reacting to crime was taken over by the state, the reactions initially resembled the modern rules of civil law. Later on, when crime was interpreted as violation of the order established by the ruler, penal sanctions aimed not only at compensating the victim but also at supporting the authority of the state. Although Nils Christie's picture of the state stealing the conflict is a convincing illustration of this situation, the fact should be borne in mind that the state's taking over of the function of punishing was an immense cultural achievement of its time, especially for those members of the conmunity who were too weak to vindicate their claims (B.-D. Meier). Solutions that provide for specific forms of consensus can also be found in modern legal systems. In the area of mediation between the victim and offender, the practice outpaced theory. It was inspired, among other things, by examples of "community justice'' of non-Western cultures; by the movement on behalf of victims, the progress of victimology, the diversion conception, and abolitionism; by the theory of social peace and conflict resolution and by the conception of reparatory justice. This latter conception deals with most problems posed by the other ones. It is, however, difficult to define, and its essence is difficult to explain, especially if we try to embrace threads important for all the trends on which it bases. Thus in the end, a simpler definition suggested by T. Marshall won general acceptance: "reparatory justice is an approach to crime, oriented on solving the problem, which engages perionally all parties involved in it as well as the community, in active relation to the public sector institutions. It is not a specific activity but a set of ruled that may set the direction of the bulk of actions of all institutions or groups related to crime. Reparatory justice is a process in which all parties involved in a specific offence meet to reach a joint solution of the issue of effects of crime and conclusions for the future". This definition was subsequently modified somewhat by other authors. In particular, it was accepted by an international body - the International Research Network on Reparatory Juvenile Justice in its Leuven Declaration of May 1997 concerning advisability of promoting the reparatory approach to juvenile delinquency. Reparatory justice is discussed as a specific trend, approach, philosophy or even idea; according to most authors, however, it has not yet developed into a consistent theory, although incessant efforts are made towards this aim. The term "reparatory justice'' is attributed to R. Barnett; H. Zehr's contribution is the first general model of that justice as an "alternative paradigm of justice" whose main principles are opposed to those of the traditional retributive justice. Also J. Braithwaite's idea of "reintegrating confusion'' was of importance for the development of the reparatory justice conception. It is associated e.g. with Hirschi's theory of control, Matza's neutralization theory, Luhmann's systemic theory, and also with the traditional penal law theories under which evil has to be compensated by punishment, but compensation involving suffering prohibits a better arrangement of social relartions. Instead, reparatory justice balances the harm involved in crime through action aimed at compensation and “doing good” (Ch. Pelikan, B.D. Meier). M. Wright stresses that this conception largely tallies with the common-sense ideas as to how society should react to crime, supported by appropriate actions, analysis, and studies. Mediation and other restorative reactions are sometimes shown as responses that function instead, parallel or within the traditional justice system. Much speaks, however, for integration of reparatory justice with the criminal justice system. The approach that isolates mediation altogether from criminal justice pays insufficient attention to the danger of inequality of the parties to mediation in the area of efficient execution of their conflicting interests. Thus public interest requires that the course and results of mediation proceedings be supervised. The manner in which reparatory justice may replace repressive one depends first and foremost on the seriousness of crime. It is not in all cases that a purely reparatory reaction should be recommended as sufficient. This is among the frequent arguments of critics of reparatory justice (although even its supporters accept the existence of limits to its application). Skeptics also stress that reparatory justice violates a number of generally accepted rules of procedure, especially that of equality before the law (which, however, could be disputed) and the offender’s procedural rights due to him in criminal proceedings (which is in fact a weakness of reparatory justice, but collisions might be solved by appropriate rules and standards of the reparatory process or e.g. by judicial review of negotiated solutions). The conception of reparatory justice is often explicated through opposition of the basic models of reaction to crime (although faulty in some respects, this method well illustrates the most fundamental features). Reparatory justice is sometimes called the "third path'', an alternative to the (neo-) retributive penal law and the rehabilitation model which proves ineffective, and a fully mature self-standing model (L. Walgrave, I. Aertsen). M. Wright stressed two spccial ideas that distinguish reparatory justice from the traditional criminal justice system. The first of them is that the process itself constitutes an essential element of the reaction, that it is constructive and may even have a therapeutic importance. The other idea is compensation interpreted in a much broader sense - from symbolic actions such as work to those reducing the risk of the offender relapsing into crime. The justification and legitimization of mediation in criminal cases bases not only on new theorietical conceptions. Such justification can also be found in the assumptions of the traditional justice system. This is what B.D. Meier did assuming as his point of departure the penal law system's public function, including in particular that of restoring public order that has been violated through crime, and also that of preventing repeated violations. The traditional systems have always provided for two or three different models of reaction to crime. Prevalent is punishment imposed on the person who has been found guilty. The second model involves imposition of special measures irrespective of the offender's liability (security and preventive measures). The third model, of crucial importance for legitimization of mediation in the criminal justice system, consists in renouncing formal proceedings, e.g. in view of slight social harmfulness of the act, the fact that no public interest is involved in the imposition of penalty, or reasons of general and special prevention. According to T. Marshall, justifications of reparatory justice (fulfilled i.a. through mediation) should be sought in the community nature of the offence and its effects. Explaining the theoretical foundations of mediation between the victim and the offender is a complex task because of the multitude of its sources as well as theories and conceptions quoted, and particularly because of the lack of agreement as to the essence of the usually quoted conception of reparatory justice and as to its treatment as "competitive'' with fespect to traditional justice or (for which interpretation I would like to declare) as that system's highly profitable logical supplementation, improvement and expansion. Also in Poland, the practice of actions involving mediation have outpaced the theory: for several years now, there has been quite a rapid growth in its application in practice. In both spheres, there are many problems and challenges worth taking up. At the same time, expanding the theory is of importance for the practice. Explanation of the ideas, aims and foundations of mediation and of its position with respect to traditional justice is paramount for the institution's reasonable development, evaluation and shaping towards its meeting the expectations.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2000, XXV; 9-28
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Charakterystyka kryminalistyczna przestępstw przemocy domowej zgodnie z ustawodawstwem Ukrainy
Concept and composition of the forensic characteristics of domestic violence in Ukraine
Autorzy:: Franchuk, Vasyl
Kuntij, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087440.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-12-31
Wydawca:: Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu
Tematy:: domestic violence
forensic characteristics
elements
victim
offender
traces
manner
przemoc domowa
charakterystyka sądowa
elementy
ofiara
sprawca
ślady
sposób
Opis:: Artykuł dotyczy koncepcji kryminalistycznych cech przemocy domowej na Ukrainie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań, a także analizy praktyk śledczych i sądowych ustalono, że proponowany skład kryminalistycznych cech przemocy domowej obejmuje: czas, miejsce, środki, sposób popełnienia przestępstwa, tożsamość ofiary, tożsamość sprawcy, „wzór śladu” – ściśle powiązane ze sobą elementy.
The work is dedicated to the concept and composition of the forensic characteristics of domestic violence in Ukraine. An analysis of the work of forensic scientists on the concept and elements of forensic characteristics was done. On this basis, as well as on the analysis of the investigative and judicial practice, the composition of the forensic characteristic of domestic violence is proposed. It was investigated that to those elements are included: time, place, means, crime manner, victim’s person, offender person, “trace pattern”, which are closely correlated with each other. The analysis of each of the elements is carried out.
Źródło:: Edukacja • Terapia • Opieka; 2020, 2; 211-220
2658-0071
2720-2429
Pojawia się w:: Edukacja • Terapia • Opieka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Sprawstwo czynu zabronionego w świetle art. 194 Kodeksu karnego z 1997 roku
The Deed Authorship Prohibited in the Light of art. 194 Criminal Code from 1997
La perpétration d’un acte prohibé en vertu de l’art. 199 du Code pénal de 1997
Autorzy:: Grudzińska, Karolina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891737.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:: wolność religijna
dyskryminacja religijna
odpowiedzialność karna
przestępca
religious freedom
religious discrimination
criminal responsibility
offender
Opis:: The article applies to criminal liability arising from religious discrimination. Article reflect definition of offender and perpetration. It discusses the possibility of committing a criminal act in the forms of phenomenal. Religious discrimination takes place only when offender acting intentionally and his actions are determined by a particular motivation of worldview or profession of the victim. The discrimination can be after the operation or the abandonment.
Źródło:: Kościół i Prawo; 2014, 3 (16) nr 1; 167-178
0208-7928
2544-5804
Pojawia się w:: Kościół i Prawo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Zabójca z motywów seksualnych.
Sexual homicide offender.
Autorzy:: Hejmej, Angelika
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529154.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:: murder
murderer
crime of lust
sex crime
offender
killer
modus operandi
perpetrator
Opis:: Numerous studies, interviews, observations or probing inquiries and analyses of homicide as a forbidden act allow the investigators to thoroughly distinguish and explore the motives, the personality and the environment of the perpetrator. The act of killing, regardless of the motive, is always conditioned by various factors such as family, upbringing, environment, society, life experiences, diseases, injuries, relations with others, etc. It is, as it can be clearly seen, a wide spectrum, of which the motives and the perpetrator’s functioning in the world constitute only a small part. The motivation is crucially important as it provides us with information about the direct cause of the murder and it allows us to organise the crime of killing into appropriate categories. Homicide can be classified into the following categories based on the type of motive: sexual, economical, emotional and fear factor which is extremely important in the diagnostic process as well as during the stage of making a psychological and personal profile of the perpetrator who killed someone. While analysing the crime, it should be remembered that although we are dealing with people who committed the same kind of crime, it is the different motive that differentiates the offenders both in terms of their personality and in the way they treat their victims. The murder itself is not a spontaneous incident but a lifelong process that might result from the whole range of factors and life situations.
Źródło:: Państwo i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 2; 99-111
1643-8299
2451-0858
Pojawia się w:: Państwo i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Kilka uwag o kazirodztwie
A few remarks about incest
Autorzy:: Jaśkowiec, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068602.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:: kazirodztwo
obyczajność
wolność seksualna
przestępstwa seksualne
obcowanie płciowe
incest
vice
sexual freedom
sex offender
sexual intercourse
Opis:: W artykule została poddana analizie struktura przestępstwa z art. 201 k. k. Stosunki kazirodcze zaliczane do czynów nierządnych, od wieków podlegały negatywnej ocenie społecznej. Porównano treść przepisu przedmiotowego przestępstwa na gruncie kodeksu karnego z 1932 r., 1969 r. oraz obecnie obowiązującego kodeksu z 1997 r. Problem wskazania konkretnego przedmiotu ochrony koreluje z pytaniem o konieczność kryminalizowania obcowania płciowego między określonymi podmiotami. Racjonalne argumenty wskazują na potrzebę wyłączenia stosunków kazirodczych z katalogu czynów zabronionych. Kształtowana na przestrzeni wieków obyczajność, która jest przedmiotem ochrony przestępstwa z art. 201 k. k., chroni prawidłowe funkcjonowanie rodziny oraz utrwalone wartości. Obok obyczajności i prawidłowego funkcjonowania rodziny, jako przedmiot ochrony wskazuje się również kwestie eugeniczne, proces socjalizacji dzieci, moralność oraz interes publiczny w prawidłowym rozwoju społeczeństwa. Kwestia kazirodztwa bez wątpienia została unormowana „wycinkowo”. Włączenie do znamion strony przedmiotowej innych czynności seksualnych, świadczyłoby o kompleksowej ochronie obyczajności, funkcjonowania rodziny oraz o racjonalności ustawodawcy.
The subject of analysis in this article is the structure of the offence under Art. 201 of the Polish Penal code. Incest relationships, included in the category of unlawful sexual intercourses, has been subject to negative social assessment for centuries. The content of the provision regarding the said offence under the Penal Code of 1932, 1969 and the currently governing Code of 1997 was compared. The issue of indication of a particular subject of defence correlates to the question regarding need for criminalisation of sexual intercourse between specific partners. Rational arguments point out to the need of exclusion of incest relationships from the catalogue of prohibited acts. The customs shaped over the ages, which are the subject of protection in relation to the offence under Art. 201 of the Polish Penal Code, protects proper functioning of the family and established values. In addition to customs and proper family functioning, the protection subject pointed out to are also eugenics issues, children socialisation process, morality and public interest in proper development of the society. The issue of incest has been, undoubtedly, standardised "fragmentarily". Inclusion of other sexual activities in the subject of the offence would demonstrate comprehensive protection of customs, family functioning and rationality of the legislator.
Źródło:: Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych; 2017, 1; 187--200
2544-7262
Pojawia się w:: Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Współczesne aspekty resocjalizacji przestępców w wybranych krajach europejskich
Contemporary aspects of prisoner rehabilitation in chosen European countries
Autorzy:: Kacprzak, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652559.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: resocjalizacja
reintegracja społeczna
przestępczość
polityka karna
kara pozbawienia wolności
probacja
offender rehabilitation
social reintegration
crime
penal policy
imprisonment
probation
Opis:: The article focuses on innovative solutions undertaken in prisoner rehabilitation in chosen European countries: England and Wales, France, Germany, Spain and Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark. New solutions implemented in systems of offender rehabilitation in these countries, which aim to avoid recidivism, are linked to the current tendency of liberalization of penal politics. As such, their particular emphasis is on applying nonisolation methods of punishing acts of offending as one of their key goals is to promote offenders’ social reintegration and – on the other hand – preventing them from further social marginalization.
Tekst stanowi przegląd innowacyjnych rozwiązań stosowanych w zakresie resocjalizacji przestępców w wybranych krajach europejskich: Wielkiej Brytanii, Francji, Niemczech, Hiszpanii oraz krajach skandynawskich (Szwecji, Norwegii, Finlandii i Danii). Nowe rozwiązania wdrażane w ramach systemów resocjalizacyjnych tych krajów, mające na celu przeciwdziałanie przestępczości powrotnej (recydywy), wpisują się we współczesną tendencję liberalizacji polityki karnej. Jako takie kładą szczególny nacisk na kary nieizolacyjne, których jednym z kluczowych zadań jest wspieranie reintegracji społecznej skazanych i przeciwdziałanie ich społecznej marginalizacji.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica; 2017, 62; 63-81
0208-600X
2353-4850
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Sytuacyjne zapobieganie przestępczości
Situational Crime Prevention
Autorzy:: Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699050.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1994
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: zapobieganie przestępczości
przestępczość
kryminologia
przestępca
crime prevention
delinquency
criminology
offender
Opis:: Disappointment in crime prevention based on the etiological approach led to a closer analysis of the circumstances of the offence, its physical conditions, and the resulting motivations of the offender. Whatever his inborn or socially acquired criminal predispositions, object and opportunity are necessary for an offence to take place. Advocates of the situational approach in criminology argue that a potential offender generally does not act on an impulse: instead, he more or less consciously analyses the situation and decides to commit the offence at a given time and place and against a given target. This is the basic assumption of situational crime prevention. Situational crime prevention resolves itself into reduction or liquidation of the physical opportunity to commit an offence, and extension of the probability of apprehension of the offender. This can be done in three different ways. First, the guard over the target can be extended or intensified, or the potential offender can be made to believe that, while dwelling in a given place, he is under incessant surveillance by the police or other competent persons, or by the inhabitants or users of a given object or area. Second, the target can be made less open to crime: special circumstances make it less easily accessible (or completely inaccessible), and theft can no longer yield the expected profit to the offender. This procedure is called target hardening. Third, various organizational steps can be taken that change the environment of crime: new ciercumstances arise and situation in which an offence might take place is changed. The above three methods of situational crime prevention have different efficiency. Their actual efficiency depends on a variety of factors related to the methodology of the crime prevention program and to cultural conditions. As regards programs basied on increased surveillance, the most efficient are those which involve the local population who are allowed both passively to watch over their area of residence, and actively to participate in its protection. What is considered a particulary effective method of situational crime prevention is target hardening where access to the target is made difficult through a variety of physical obstacles. Not as obvious is the efficiency of another target hardening measure where valuable objects are marked so as to make it difficult for the offender to gain by his theft and to increase the probability of his apprehension. Such measures, called operation identification, prove highly efficient in some countries but are next to ineffective in others. Thee ffects here depend largely on the efficiency of the police. Whith a low detection rate of thefts, the marking of objects cannot possibly yield the expected results. It has been found in studies of offenders’ processes of deciding that their decision to commit an offencis based on the factors that condition, first, the physical opportunity (access to the object) nad second, the offender’s safety. The idea of situational crime prevention has many followers who stress the relative easiness of the application of the suggested methods and their efficiency. The opponents argue that,while it many perhaps contribute to preventing definite offences at a definite time and place, situational crime prevention does not actually prevent crime. What it leads to is displacement of crime. The offence is committed anyway but perhaps in another time or place, by other means, or against another target. Despite all the reservations concerning displacement of crime, it msot be stated that situational crime prevention often proves effective; what is more, it requires neither prolonged programs nor entangled methods of manipulating society. Admittedly the offender is not reformed; yet a definite offence is not committed in a definite place, and the target remains safe. This makes situational prevention as important an element of crime prevention programs as the generally recognized social methods.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1994, XX; 7-20
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: The specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence
Autorzy:: Kurilovská, Lucia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45660069.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023-11-14
Wydawca:: Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:: investigator
victim
offender
family
discretion
repetitiveness
legal pluralism
Opis:: In the presented study, the author characterises the specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence, or crimes associated with it. The study is processed in connection with implementation of the project APVV-19-0090 “Legal methodology for the era of legal pluralism”. The content of the study reflects on the clear need to specify the individual elements that relate to the given topic. The author’s primary goal is to manifestly and clearly interpret the specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence and the most common crimes associated with it. The results of the study are also processed through the use of scholarly methods, specifically, a search of professional literature, case law, scientific outputs, in addition to an analysis of the scholarly knowledge gained from theoretical but also applied practice, synthesis, observation, induction, deduction, and methods of abstraction and generalisation. For verifying the hypotheses, guided interviews and the evaluation of a short questionnaire on the perception of signs and forms of domestic violence by selected persons were also used. The study has not been published elsewhere.
Źródło:: Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 151(3); 309-327
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Kara pozbawienia wolności w świetle kodeksu karnego RSFRR z 1960 r. — problemy prawa oraz praktyki jej orzekania
Imprisonment in the light of the RSFSR Penal Code of 1960 — problems of law and the practice of its adjudication
Autorzy:: Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782643.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:: RSFSR Penal Code of 1960
imprisonment
particularly serious crime
particularly dangerous repeat offender
conviction
Opis:: This study concerns a selected institution of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960, i.e. the penalty of deprivation of liberty, and it consists of three parts. The first part shows the place and legal status of this punishment in comparison with other penalties in the 1960 Code. Its fundamental character is emphasised. Next, the scope of legal regulation of imprisonment is discussed (Article 24 of the Penal Code). Its time limits and categories of perpetrators subject to imprisonment as well as the place of execution of the sentence are presented. The possibilities of changing the places of imprisonment are also shown. The third part of the This study concerns a selected institution of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960, i.e. the penalty of deprivation of liberty, and it consists of three parts. The first part shows the place and legal status of this punishment in comparison with other penalties in the 1960 Code. Its fundamental character is emphasised. Next, the scope of legal regulation of imprisonment is discussed (Article 24 of the Penal Code). Its time limits and categories of perpetrators subject to imprisonment as well as the place of execution of the sentence are presented. The possibilities of changing the places of imprisonment are also shown. The third part of the article presents the general state of crime registered in the analysed period, and discusses the dynamics of convicted persons. This has enabled to establish the relations between the scale of the phenomenon and the number of persons serving this isolation sentence. It has shown a strict practice of imposing prison sentences by Soviet courts. On the basis of dogmatic and statistical analyses, it has made it possible to recognise this punishment as an important instrument of law and penal policy.
Źródło:: Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 863-874
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:: Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Koncepcja podziału procesu karnego na dwie fazy – 50 lat później
The Concept of Dividing the Criminal Trial into Two Phases – 50 Years Later
Autorzy:: Łukowiak, Bartosz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782401.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:: the concept of dividing the criminal trial into two phases
two-phase criminal trial
preliminary judgment
final judgment
horizontal validity of part of the judgment
independence of jurisdiction of the criminal court
measures of appeal
cassation
consensual proceedings
criminal proceedings
prohibited act
offence
offender
Opis:: This paper aims to answer the question whether the concept of dividing a criminal trial into two phases is still useful now, more than half a century after its last broader analysis. It also attempts to solve some specific problems related to the said analysis. The starting point for the considerations contained in the paper was to look at the concept of a two-phase criminal trial as a purely procedural construction and thus to reject its functional link with any model of substantive criminal law. The first part of the paper discusses the history of the concept of a two-phase criminal trial, as well as some of the arguments put forward by its supporters and opponents. In the course of further deliberations, the focus is on searching for elements of the concept in the current legal status. The final part of the text deals with the question whether and, possibly, in what form the concept of division of jurisdictional proceedings should become an element of the Polish criminal procedure. This is followed by numerous and widely justified de lege ferenda conclusions.
Źródło:: Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2020, 30, 4; 11-37
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Experience of The Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human trafficking
Autorzy:: MALINOWSKA, IRENA
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798726.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-09-21
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:: crime
organised crime
victim
offender
Opis:: Organised crime, including human traffi cking, is one of the most serious crimes against persons and violations of human rights. Human trafficking is a complex illegal business and, in most cases, involves activities undertaken by international organised crime gangs. Human traffi cking combines aspects of human life in terms of limitating freedom to enjoy it. This publication intends to standardise the existing theories and defi nitions and to collect and systematise the knowledge of the experience of the Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human traffi cking. The study presents a number of activities undertaken since 2006 by the Academy, whose aim has been to provide training for the relevant services responsible for combatting transnational organised crime, and for preventing and combatting human trafficking.
Źródło:: Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 2(SPECJALNY); 99-112
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: THE PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF PERPETRATORS
Autorzy:: Malwina, Dankiewicz,
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891499.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-08-22
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:: aggression
offender
the sketch of a suspect
criminal profiling
behavioral traces
Opis:: The methods for identification of potentially aggressive persons based on observation of behavior and appearance were described. The results of studies on the signals from the facial expressions and other relationships between human behavior and hostile intent were presented. The practical use of tools for the detection of deception and hostile intent was described, based among others on the Paul Ekman’s theory of basic emotions. The rules for creating the sketch of a suspect were described, it was also raised the issue of profiling offenders based on behavioral traces under analysis.
Źródło:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2013, 13; 79-97
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:: Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Victim-offender Mediation in Poland – The Lay Perspective
Autorzy:: Matczak, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962408.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: sprawiedliwość naprawcza
mediacja
ofiara
sprawca
opinia świecka
system wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych
przeprosiny
restorative justice
victim-offender mediation
lay opinion
criminal justice system
apology
Opis:: Restorative justice is a complex and multi-faceted concept, the introduction of whichdoes not happen in a socio-political and economic vacuum. Every society engageswith restorative justice in its own distinctive way as it is the society – lay people – thatis always on the receiving end of restorative solutions. In this article, I draw on mydoctoral research that explores qualitatively how a small number of Polish peopleunderstand punishment and justice, and how their narratives inform the viabilityof restorative approaches to justice in Poland. In other words, I propose to considera macro-sociological perspective, and how lay people’s understanding of punishmentand justice should be seen as an avenue by which to explore certain preconditions forthe viability of restorative justice.Poland’s socialist past, change of the political regime, post-communist “accession”to the international community in the West and a high level of religiosity (among manyother factors) make Poland a fascinating object of study that can, at the same time,offer insights about restorative justice in other societies. Restorative justice, introducedin the form of victim-offender mediation, was part of the post-1989 political ambitionsto change the Polish penal landscape and join the international community in the West.There were a number of forces behind the establishment of restorative justice in Poland.Given that the concept was introduced at a time when the Polish society was dealingwith the socialist legacy and creating a new democratic reality, it was also hoped thatmediation could serve as a fast-track remedy and act as an ancillary mechanism toreduce the sudden spike in court workloads after the fall of communism. In the caseof Poland, it seems that the exceptionally limited interest in mediation and the paucityof anticipated outcomes of victim-offender mediation is the problem. In order toexplore the viability of restorative justice in the Polish context, one must thereforelook beyond the legal basis and formal logistics which have been already in place formany years.My research opens up new debates on the viability of restorative justice, and thisarticle in particular fleshes out the nature of the participants’ perceptions of victimoffendermediation. In this article, I first briefly introduce the Polish model of victimoffendermediation. I then discuss the nature of the initial responses to mediationbased on the participants’ knowledge of, support for, and any experience of, victimoffendermediation. This is followed by the discussion on how the participants’ viewson mediation were articulated in the shadow of the Polish criminal justice system.Next, I explore why the participants viewed mediation as a business-like encounterand, finally, I explore the participants’ perceptions of apology – something that cameup as one of the most interesting findings of the study.The aim of this paper is to argue that the viability of restorative justice should beapproached as a process that is influenced by broader socio-economic, political andeven linguistic factors. Although the Polish model of victim-offender mediation wasinspired by the restorative justice concept, the narratives of my lay participants suggesta number of socio-cultural obstacles to the further development of restorative justicein Poland. Despite a limited knowledge of victim-offender mediation among the studyparticipants, it is clear that support for mediation is negotiated and conditional.Although victim-offender mediation was mainly perceived not as a punishment, therole and purpose of this practice was discussed against the background of the Polishcriminal justice system. Although the relationship might be defined as “uneasy” (seeShapland et al. 2006), restorative justice, since its conception, has been interwoven withthe two. One of restorative justice’s central hopes was to establish an alternative systemof crime resolution that would eliminate the infliction of pain. However, the trajectoryof restorative justice solutions in many countries demonstrates that the functioningof a majority of them is dependent on criminal justice agencies. Given the close andinseparable relationship between the two, I argue in my research that the ways in whichlay people perceive the criminal justice institutions affect their perceptions of alternativeconflict resolutions. Then, as it emerged in my fieldwork, the study participants’ perceptionof harm suggests that mediation might be seen as an avenue to focus onthe financial side of the reparation, and as result might achieve something other thanrestorative goals. The narratives of my study participants also explore the difficultyof acknowledging apology as a genuine element of the restorative encounter. Thiscould be due to looking at apology through the lens of court apology, sociolinguistic or cultural reasons. John Braithwaite in his book Restorative Justice and ResponsiveRegulation (2002) rightly indicated that “we are still learning how to do restorativejustice well” (p. 565). Nevertheless, the question whether a perfect restorative justiceprogramme is ever possible remains open.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2018, XL; 495-522
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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