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Tytuł:
Prawo wykroczeń Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej
Autorzy:
Łysko, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Petty offences, GDR
Opis:
In 1949 the German Democratic Republic was established as a state. Petty offences’ law in this country was gradually changed and it differed from old German model, in which petty offences were regulated in criminal code. Petty offences were treated as acts of minimal social danger and in 1968 they were finally excluded from penal law and formed an independent group of offences against social order. These offences were treated as a violation of social discipline and they hit state’s administration and its planning functions. The jurisdiction in these matters was supposed to have only educational character, because penalties of arrest and of restricted liberty were eliminated. A big quantity of corrective measures was applied. The jurisdiction in these matters was transferred to the administrative organs, which activity was somehow connected with the committed petty offence. The procedure was of administrative character, there was no elements of principle of adversary trial system. In fact, these proceedings were of inquisitorial character. The courts of common law could not control these proceedings, you could only appeal to a higher instance of the administrative organ. After 1968, the new group of petty offences was created. It derived from former criminal code and consisted of several misdemeanors, which were nor longer treated as crimes (depenalization). From this time there were two groups of petty offences. Both of them characterized by minimal social danger and by punishment based on corrective measures. There were some differences, because the new group of offences was under jurisdiction of People’s Police (Volkspolizei) and of special civic courts. You could appeal to court in these cases, which belonged to second group. It reminded a little of the old German model of petty offences’ jurisdiction. Petty offences’ law in GDR was different from this kind of law in other socialist countries, because it was concentrated on corrective measures, not on the repression.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 121-140
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucje realnego zbiegu przestępstw w znowelizowanym kodeksie karnym
Autorzy:
Sławomir, Żółtek,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903098.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
actual concurrence of offences
aggregation of penalties
course of offences
Opis:
This article is dedicated to the amended regulations of Chapter IX of the Penal Code concerning the concurrence of offences and aggregation of penalties and penal measures. The problem of the new definition of actual concurrence is presented and discussed while contrasting it with the concept of apparent concurrence in this respect. Within the framework of changes to the aggregation of penalties, wider attention is given to the new model of aggregation of penalties which takes into consideration the previously imposed cases of aggregation of penalties, exceptions to it, and also directives on sentencing. It was noted „course of offences” changes based on introducing the premise of „in a similar manner” in place of „similar manner of committing” an offence that constitute the course and also the stipulations added to art. 91 § 1 of the Penal Code that „the court shall impose one penalty on the basis of the provision whose attributes each of these offences”.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 65; 159-173
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja i aktualne wyzwania ustawodawstwa w sprawach o wykroczenia
Evolution of legislation in petty offences cases and current challenges
Autorzy:
Liżyńska, Katarzyna
Płońska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28782693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
wykroczenie
prawo wykroczeń
postępowanie w sprawach o wykroczenia
petty offences
petty offences law
proceedings in petty offences cases
Opis:
Ewolucja ustawodawstwa w sprawach o wykroczenia trwa nieprzerwanie od 1918 r. Także spór o miejsce prawa wykroczeń w systemie prawnym, sięgający prac kodyfikacyjnych po 1918 r., jawi się dzisiaj jako niezwykle aktualny. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie i analiza kierunków rozwoju prawa wykroczeń oraz eksplikacja obecnych wyzwań tej gałęzi prawa. W doktrynie od wielu lat podnoszona jest potrzeba gruntownej reformy prawa wykroczeń m.in. ze względu na dość archaiczny Kodeks wykroczeń z 1971 r. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę historycznoprawną oraz dogmatycznoprawną. Podjęte badanie zostało przeprowadzone na podstawie analizy aktów prawnych w zakresie prawa wykroczeń w ujęciu historycznym oraz ich licznych nowelizacji, a także analizę aktualnych tendencji m.in. w zakresie przekształcania wykroczeń w tzw. delikty administracyjne. Przeprowadzone rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, że prawo wykroczeń jest dynamicznie zmieniającą się gałęzią prawa, która jednak wciąż wymaga kompleksowej i gruntownej reformy. Aktualnie nie ulega wątpliwości, że prawo wykroczeń należy do gałęzi prawa karnego, a sąd jest jedynym organem uprawnionym do wymierzania kar za wykroczenia. Charakter materialnoprawny wykroczeń wymusza poszukiwania najbardziej optymalnego modelu reakcji na wykroczenie. W odpowiedzi na palącą potrzebę reformy prawa wykroczeń wysuwane są m.in. koncepcje orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia przez organy pozasądowe. Autorki podkreślają, że ewentualne zmiany modelu orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia stanowią tym bardziej duże wyzwanie, gdyż muszą przy tym zadośćuczynić normie wyrażonej w art. 237 Konstytucji RP, zgodnie z którym organem właściwym do orzekania w sprawach o wykroczenia jest sąd. 
The evolution of legislation in petty offences cases has been going on continuously since 1918. Furthermore, the dispute over the place of petty offence law in the legal system, dating back to the codification works after 1918, seems to be extremely topical today. The aim of this article is to present and analyse the directions in which petty offence law is developing, and to shed light on the current challenges facing this branch of law. The doctrine has for many years emphasized the need for a thorough reform of the petty offences law (e.g. due to the rather archaic Polish Code of Petty Offences of 1971). The authors use the historical-legal and dogmatic-legal methods. The undertaken analyses were conducted based on a historical analysis of legal acts pertaining to petty offences and their numerous amendments, as well as an analysis of current trends (e.g. changing petty offences into the so-called administrative torts). The conducted considerations lead to the conclusion that petty offences law is a dynamically changing branch of law, which, however, still requires a comprehensive and thorough reform. Currently, there is no doubt that petty offences law belongs to the branch of criminal law, and only the court is authorized to impose penalties for petty offences. The material-legal nature of petty offences necessitates searching for the most optimal model of reaction to them. In response to the urgent need of petty offences law reform, proposals for adjudication by non-judicial authorities in petty offences cases are put forward. The authors emphasize that possible changes to the adjudication model in petty offences cases are even more challenging, as they must at the same time satisfy the norm expressed in Article 237 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, according to which the court is the competent authority to adjudicate in petty offences cases.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 4; 87-100
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kara pracy poprawczej w orzecznictwie karno-administracyjnym Polski Ludowej
Autorzy:
Łysko, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Correctional labor, Petty offences
Opis:
The penalty of corrective labor was introduced into Polish system of jurisdiction in petty offences cases in 1951 and it replaced the penalty of arrest. The essence of this penalty consisted in the duty to work in appointed place and part of salary was confiscated. The idea was that this penalty will have educational influence on the sentenced person and it will bring him up to live in the socialist society. However, the practice was different. In fact the state was only confiscating a part of salary, so this punishment was rather a kind of a fine in instalments. The penalty was inefficient especially in hooligan nature cases, and it was gradually replaced by the penalty of arrest. In December 1958 the correctional labor penalty was abolished and the boards judging petty offences (not courts) were empowered to decree the punishment of arrest. It was a retreat from the earlier concepts of the educational role of this jurisdiction. The modified version of this penalty exists till now in the petty offences’ code from 1971. It is known as „penalty of restricted liberty”. This penalty can be replaced now by penalty either of arrest or fine.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2008, 6; 143-168
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykroczenia na tle seksualnym w listach św. Hieronima
The problem of sexual offences, as a result of the mystery of iniquity present in the world, in the light of st. Jerome’s letters
Autorzy:
Gburek, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Hieronim
wykroczenia
Jerome
offences
Opis:
The author of the article: „The problem of sexual offences, as a result of the mystery of iniquity present in the world, in the light of St. Jerome’s letters”, shows paradox of human existence, in which men, as a real being, continually escapes into the world of dreams and utopia; as a social being, adores in himself anarchistic behaviors; moral and religious values are precious for him, however by the whole of his existence opposes them; he speaks about the ideals of truth, justice and love, but in practice uses false in the wide sense of this word, without difference of time in which he lives and systems under which he exists.
Źródło:
Vox Patrum; 2009, 53-54; 563-578
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:
Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znamiona ilościowe w procesie kontrawencjonalizacji w kontekście zasady nullum crimen sine lege – wybrane zagadnienia
Quantitative traits in the process of contraventionalisation in the context of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege – selected issues
Autorzy:
Pawlik, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
process of contraventionalisation
principle nullum crimen sine lege
misdemeanour
offences
“petty offences”
Opis:
As for now, the Polish law of misdemeanours has not worked out a uniform concept. Historically, its developments have assumed various conceptual structures – starting with an administration type of model through the current one that comes closer to that of a criminal liability. As early as in 1918, while developing a concept of the law of misdemeanours, it was disputed whether misdemeanours should be recognised as a separate category, including cases of violation of the order, or as those that were primarily related to the sphere of administrative actions or whether they should be established on the basis of that social harm they caused and to assume that a misdemeanour was a petty form of an offence. The current model that has been worked out in the course of transformation is characterised by a significant lack of cohesion, and this assessment is even more substantiated by implementation of a concept of the socalled hybrid offences. The concept itself consisting in the diversification of liability by creating the so-called hybrid offences is a relatively new solution under the Polish system which raises significant doubts, largely in terms of its theoretical aspects, and also the one that creates serious practical issues (e.g. in 87 of the Code of Misdemeanours and under 178a of the Polish Penal Code). Conducting research within the planned extent process of contraventionalisation and principle nullum crimen sine lege has been assumed to provide for working out the basis for adopting coherent and uniform solutions with regard to the liability for what is referred to “petty offences,” and then allow undertaking further research, for example, into specific Polish solutions concerning offences and misdemeanours against safety in traffic in terms of clear limits and nature of such a liability which would serve as a reference point in legislation works in the future.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2014, 2(15); 111-146
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieudana próba penalizacji usuwania filtrów cząstek stałych w dieslach - walka ze smogiem w prawie karnym
Failed Attempt to Penalise for Removal of Filters in Diesel Engines – Fight Against Smog in Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Szeleszczuk, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
particulate filter
air pollution
P10 and P25 particles
Petty Offences Code
amendment of the Petty Offences Code
transport offences
Opis:
The article focuses on the analysis of the legislative initiative aimed mainly to improve the air quality. Although it has not become a binding regulation, it should be recognised – mostly because it was the first, based on sensu largo penal law, actual attempt to reduce exhaust fumes emission. Moreover, this initiative is a good example to illustrate the trend in the penal policies that is bound to set standards in fighting adverse effects in the area of environmental protection. A critical analysis of the solutions proposed should give rise to developing new regulations, which make an indispensable instrument of the state’s policy related to fight for clean atmosphere.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 2 (385); 176-186
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relation between the injured party being under the influence of alcohol and the liability of the perpetrator due to the crimes under Article 197 of the Polish Criminal Code and Article 198 of the Polish Criminal Code
Autorzy:
Matynia-Kłos, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
rape
sexual abuse
sexual offences
Opis:
The paper constitutes an attempt at presenting the views of legal scholars and commentators and the judicature on the possibility of attributing criminal liability under Article 197 of the Polish Criminal Code and Article 198 of the Polish Criminal Code to the perpetrator in the case of alcohol consumption by the injured party. This issue is the basis of a crucial dogmatic problem, extremely up-to-date from the point of view of the study of criminal law, since the solution thereof determines the criminal liability of the alleged perpetrator. Therefore, the analysed issue raises the question of the limits of impunity for violations in the sphere of sexual life of the injured party in comparison with the features and circum- stances directly related to the victim. Thus, the paper attempts to answer the question wheth- er actions belonging to so-called sexual offences should be predominantly assessed with the use of a literal interpretation or taking into account the formal-dogmatic interpretation.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2020, 30, 2; 61-72
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 12/16
Sejm draft position on the case concerning the Act on Combating Unfair Competition (Ref. No. K 12/16)
Autorzy:
Brzozowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitutional Tribunal
competition
advertisement
offences
Opis:
In this draft position the author states that one of the provisions of the Act on combating unfair competition, concerning criminal liability for acts of dishonest competition in the field of advertising, is inconsistent with the Constitution. First, it provides an open catalogue of punishable acts, which violates the standard of specificity of criminal law. Second, the required elements of an offence were not sufficiently defined and they leave a subject of law in doubt as to whether his or her actions might result in criminal liability. Declaring the contested provision to be inconsistent with the Constitution eliminates the necessity of examining its conformity with Article 7 of the European Convention of Human Rights. Since in the examined case the constitutional standard and the international standard are practically the same, the proceedings regarding the latter should be discontinued.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 4(52); 191-211
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orzecznictwo karno-administracyjne w zakresie dostaw obowiązkowych płodów rolnych w Polsce Ludowej
Autorzy:
Łysko, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
compulsory delivery, petty offences law
Opis:
The compulsory delivery of agriculture products in Poland was introduced in 1951. The Communist government wanted to control agriculture production in this way. The shortages of food in towns caused big political problems and the communists tried to control farmers by the administrative and penal repression. In 1952 boards judging petty offences were established and they punished farmers by fines. They were high, especially for richer farmers “kulaks”, but for all groups of farmers they were severe. The efficiency of these fines was not very high, because farmers did not want to pay. Then the authori- ties introduced an arrest as a substitutive penalty, if the farmer didn’t pay the fine. This penalty gave good results – farmers started fulfilling the deliveries, but the system was very repressive. In 1955, when first syndromes of post-Stalin thaw started, the system became less repressive. In 1956 the range of the compulsory delivery was reduced and economic measures were applied to those, who didn’t fulfill the duty. They were abolished in 1971.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 189-221
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychological Disorders in the Perpetrator of a Prohibited Acta as the Object of Judicial Consideration in the Procedure for Petty Offences After 1 July 2015
Autorzy:
Bień-Węgłowska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-11-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
insanity and diminished sanity in the Petty Offences Code
judicial and psychiatric diagnosis in petty offences procedure
mandatory defence in petty offences procedure
Opis:
The subjective capacity of an offender to be assigned guilt is determined by such circumstances as the attainment of the age required by the law and a suitable mental state. Psychological disorders, which are the source of insanity or diminished sanity as regulated by the Petty Offences Code, lead to a considerable reduction of the capacity to recognise the significance of an act or direct one’s conduct, and this in turn leads to the exclusion of guilt or restricts responsibility under the Petty Offences Code. The existence of doubt regarding the mental state of an offender implies the appointment of expert psychiatrists by a competent judicial body in order to conduct a psychiatric examination. The doubt must be reasonable and objective, though, supported by evidence or observations of the judicial body. The opinion of an expert psychiatrist is pivotal to the proceedings as it explains the offender’s conduct during and after the perpetration of a prohibited act, which permits an assessment whether the offender’s mental condition allow him to take part in the proceedings, including self-defence. The judicial and psychiatric diagnosis also has adverse consequences for the examined person so it must not be regarded as a mere formality in every petty offence case. The act of September 27, 2013 amended the provisions for procedure for petty offences in terms of, among others, regarding provisions concerning the content of psychiatric assessment furnished by experts and the formal mandatory defence. The article aims to determine the scope of this revision and its impact on the exercise of procedural guarantees of the offender.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2017, 27, 3; 7-24
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność Prezydenta za wykroczenia
The problem of jurisdiction under presidental offences
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
wykroczenia
Prezydent
immunitet
offences
President
immunity
Opis:
W artykule poruszono problematykę dotyczącą zakresu odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia i ewentualnej jurysdykcji nad nimi. Dostrzegając brak wyraźnej regulacji tych zagadnień, autor wskazuje, iż – w związku z zakazem domniemywania immunitetów – zakres odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia musi być tożsamy jak w przypadku innych obywateli. Z uwagi jednak na szerokie niebezpieczeństwa nierozerwalnie związane z realizacją tej formy odpowiedzialności, proponuje objęcie jurysdykcji nad nimi przez Trybunał Stanu. Dla przyjęcia takiego stanowiska autora skłaniają zarówno treści obowiązującego porządku prawnego, jak również liczne argumenty natury funkcjonalnej i językowej. W konsekwencji zarysowuje on tezę, iż „przestępstwo” w rozumieniu art. 145 ust. 1 Konstytucji stanowi w istocie nazwę dla szeroko rozumianej odpowiedzialności karnej.
The article discusses the scope of legal responsibility on the part of The President of the Republic of Poland. The lack of precise legal regulations concerning the matter in question leads to the following conclusion: taking into consideration the present prohibition of implicit immunity the President of the Republic of Poland ought to share the same realm of legal responsibility as do other Polish citizens. Yet, due to the apparent dangers inherent in the execution of the legal responsibility the author proposes for the jurisdiction in question to be under the supervision of the State Tribunal. The author’s argument is founded on the present legal order as well as in numerous functional and language oriented factors. As a consequence, the author claims “the offense” as defined in the 145th article of the Constitution is in reality a general notion for criminal responsibility.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2017, 1 (35); 109-121
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corporate criminal liability in English law
Autorzy:
Sepioło-Jankowska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
corporate criminal liability
english law
corruption offences
Opis:
Juridical regimes have been created in order to punish corporate wrongdoing. Although the imposition of criminal liability on corporations, as opposed to managers or employees, has generate considerable debate, commentators have not comprehensively analyzed why corporate criminal liability exists. Furthermore, it is not clear that corporate criminal liability is the best way to influence corporate behavior. Following sections will try to find answers to the above mentioned questions.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 135-143
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uprawnienie starosty do wydania decyzji administracyjnej o zatrzymaniu prawa jazdy lub pozwolenia na kierowanie tramwajem w określonych przypadkach
The power of the starost to issue an administrative decision to withhold a driving licence or a permit to drive a tram in specific cases
Autorzy:
Trochimiuk, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
driver
road traffic
Constitutional Tribunal
offences
starost
Opis:
The position of the Sejm regarding the motion of the First President of the Supreme Court stresses that the provisions of the Act on Vehicle Drivers and the Penal Code which are referred to the Constitutional Tribunal’s review are inconsistent with provisions of the Constitution. The challenged provisions concern the powers of the poviat (district) starost to issue an administrative decision to withhold a driving licence or a permit to drive a tram in specific cases. In its position, the Sejm shared the opinion of the proponent that the assessed norms deprive vehicle drivers accused of violating traffic regulations of the possibility to challenge the correctness of the actions of the control body. Such legal conditions violate the principle of loyalty of the state towards an individual, who, in such a case, is in practice dependent on the arbitrary judgement of the controlling body.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 3(75); 271-295
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Przestępstwa terrorystyczne” i przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym w obowiązującym kodeksie karnym – niedoskonała ochrona bezpieczeństwa państwa i jego obywateli
„Terrorist offences” and offences of a terrorist character in the binding Criminal Code – imperfect protection of the state and its citizens
Autorzy:
Michalska-Warias, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-24
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
terroryzm
przestępstwa terrorystyczne
przestępstwo o charakterze terrorystycznym
terrorism
terrorist offences
offences of a terrorist character
safety from terrorism
Opis:
W artykule podkreślono istniejący po stronie państwa obowiązek zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa, także przed zamachami terrorystycznymi. Artykuł dotyczy wzajemnej relacji między zdefiniowanym w art. 115 § 20 k.k. przestępstwem o charakterze terrorystycznym a występującymi w kodeksie karnym typami przestępstw odnoszącymi się wprost do zjawiska terroryzmu, które Autorka określa mianem „przestępstw terrorystycznych”. Podkreślono, że definicja z art. 115 § 20 k.k. ma charakter stricte prawny, a zatem za przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym muszą zostać uznane wszelkie czyny wypełniające ustawowe kryteria, w tym te, które znaczeniu kryminologicznym nie mają związku ze zjawiskiem terroryzmu. Z kolei stypizowane w k.k. „przestępstwa terrorystyczne” (jak. np. szkolenie terrorystyczne czy finansowanie terroryzmu) nie mogą, z natury swej być uznawane za przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym w znaczeniu definicji ustawowej. Zaproponowano zatem pewne zmiany w brzmieniu art. 65 § 2 k.k., tak aby sprawcy przestępstw terrorystycznych przy stosowaniu środków probacyjnych, a także na etapie postępowania wykonawczego, mogli być traktowani jak sprawcy czynów o charakterze terrorystycznym.  W ten sposób, jak twierdzi Autorka, bezpieczeństwo obywateli (stanowiące wartość konstytucyjną) byłoby lepiej chronione.
The paper emphasises the state’s obligation to provide safety, also from terrorist threats. The dogmatic analysis of the binding anti-terrorist solutions of the Polish Criminal Code is presented from this point of view. The paper discusses the mutual relationship between an offence of a terrorist character, as defined in Art. 115 § 20 of the Criminal Code and the types of offences present in the Criminal Code which refer specifically to the phenomenon of terrorism, which are labelled by the Author as “terrorist offences”. It is stressed that the definition from Art. 115 § 20 of the Criminal Code is of a strictly juridical character, therefore all offences meeting the statutory criteria should be considered of terrorist character, even if they have no connection with the phenomenon of terrorism in its criminological sense. On the other hand the “terrorist offences” described in the Criminal Code (as e.g. terrorist training or financing of terrorism) cannot, intrinsically, be considered offences of a terrorist character in the meaning of the legal definition. Therefore some modifications of Art. 65 § 2 of the Criminal Code have been proposed so as make it possible to treat the perpetrators of such terrorist offences in the same way as the perpetrators of offences of a terrorist character during the application of the probation measures and at the stage of punishment execution. Thus, it is claimed, the safety of citizens (which is a constitutional value), would be further enhanced.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL; 2019, 62, 1; 23-34
0044-4405
2543-9715
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 117

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