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    Tytuł:
    Kryteria wieku dojrzałości drzewostanów do odnowienia
    The criteria of maturity age of a stand to regenerate
    Autorzy:
    Głaz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973276.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Pinus
    Abies
    Picea
    buk
    Quercus
    Fagus
    drzewostany
    sosna
    świerk
    jodła
    dąb
    drzewa leśne
    leśnictwo
    wiek dojrzałości od odnowienia
    stands with natural regeneration
    maturity age of a stand to regenerate
    pine
    spruce
    fir
    beech
    oak
    Opis:
    Stand characteristics were analysed for the occurrence of regrowth with a species matching the dominant species of a stand. The analysis covered: stand age, stocking, degree of shelter (the sum of stocking plus the percentage of the shrub layer cover), dbh basal area, type and the dominant species of the vegetation cover. The obtained results were considered as preliminary criteria of the maturity age for regeneration.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 04; 69-70
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Variability in morphology of Microsphaera alphitoides Griffon et Maubl. in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Ufnalski, K
    Przybyl, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    variability
    powdery mildew
    young tree
    Polska
    forest stand
    nursery seedling
    morphology
    leaf
    Microsphaera alphitoides
    taxonomy
    Quercus robur
    oak
    Quercus petraea
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to verify descriptions of the morphology of the fungus responsible for powdery mildew on oak leaves of nursery seedlings and of young trees in forest stands. Infected, fully developed leaves from apical parts of stems of Quercus robur or Q. petraea were collected in two national parks and in six forest districts in Poland. The taxonomic characteres of all specimens were generally consistent with those given in keys for Microsphaera alphitoides. However, the limoniform shape of conidia, characteristic of two sites (nurseries), has not been found in available synopses. Limoniform conidia were significantly longer and wider than others. Agreat variety of forms of mycelium on leaves were observed. The mycelium appeared in three forms: (1) floccose or felted oval patches (always with yellow or brown discoloration), (2) faveolate oval patches (often with yellow or brown discoloration), and (3) felted or mealy mycelium along veins (rarely with discoloration). Mycelium without limoniform conidia appeared in all forms, while mycelium with limoniform conidia appeared only in the form of patches, always causing leaf discoloration.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2004, 73, 3
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ zwiększania się wieku drzewostanu dwupiętrowego na zmienność sum powierzchni przekroju pierśnicowego i miąższości drzew na powierzchniach próbnych różnych wielkości
    Effect of ageing on the variation of basal area and volume sums on sample plots varying in size in a two-storey stand
    Autorzy:
    Turski, M.
    Andrzejewski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022959.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    suma powierzchni przekroju piersnicowego
    dendrometria
    suma miazszosci drzew
    drzewostany dwupietrowe
    wiek drzewostanu
    lesnictwo
    powierzchnie probne
    zmiennosc
    sample plot
    basal area
    volume
    two−storey stand
    pine
    oak
    Opis:
    The paper provides an analysis of changes in coefficients of variation of basal area and merchantable volume sums on sample plots of various sizes 1, 2, 4, 10, 6, 25 and 50 ares in a two−storey stand (storey I – pine 195 years, storey II − oak 105 years) over the last decade. The authors established how many times the number of sample plots of a given size at a given age should be increased in relation to the last measurement to attain the same result accuracy. Moreover, the optimal size of small sample plots that can grant the most accurate results was calculated.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2005, 149, 09; 15-23
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biomasa i roczna produkcja drzewostanów dębowych Puszczy Niepołomickiej
    Biomass and annual production of oak stands in the Niepolomicka Forest
    Autorzy:
    Orzeł, S.
    Ochał, W.
    Forgiel, M.
    Socha, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany debowe
    Puszcza Niepolomicka
    lesnictwo
    biomasa
    produkcja biomasy
    oak stand
    biomass
    annual biomass production
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of the study on biomass volume and annual production of oak stands in the Niepołomicka Forest. The analysis was based on the material collected from 59 circular sample plots where oak accounted for more than 50% of the volume of the tree layer. In the total biomass of the tree layer amounting to about 225.3 t·ha–1, the biomass of the shrub layer (underbrush) is about 2.3 t·ha–1. In the tree layer biomass (about 223 t·ha–1), wood makes up on average 86.4%, bark – 12% and assimilatory apparatus – 1.6%. The share of wood in the biomass increases with the increase of stand age, while that of bark and assimilatory apparatus declines. The proportion of these elements in the dry mass production (on average 9.8 t·ha–1·year–1) is somewhat different. Almost 35% of its volume is assimilatory apparatus whose share increases with stand age. The increment of bark is about 9%, while of wood it is 56% of the annual biomass production of the stands under analysis and slightly decreases with stand age.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2006, 150, 05; 30-43
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konsekwencje hodowlane obumierania dębów
    Sylvicultural consequences of oak decline
    Autorzy:
    Bernadzki, E.
    Grynkiewicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany debowe
    hodowla lasu
    zamieranie lasow
    Quercus
    lesnictwo
    dab
    zamieranie drzew
    drzewa lesne
    oak decline
    stand conversion
    transitional communities
    Opis:
    The rate of oak decline has greatly accelerated in recent years. It has been reported that in October 2005, the amount of standing dead trees in oak stands of 14 Forest District Administrations situated within the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Warsaw exceeded 70,000 m3 and an area of 103 hectares was selected where sanitary fellings need to be applied. The restocking of cut areas in the thinned stands with substitutional species was proposed. Besides, the paper presents a conception of oak regeneration by planting trees in wider spacing, under the shelter of pioneer species (mainly birch), using the tending species (i. a. hornbeam).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2006, 150, 08; 61-69
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Teleconnection of 23 modern chronologies of Quercus robur and Q. petraea from Poland
    Autorzy:
    Ufnalski, K
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Polska
    Quercus robur
    Quercus petraea
    dendrochronology
    English oak
    oak stand
    forest area
    sessile oak
    downy oak
    Quercus pubescens
    climatic factor
    Opis:
    Quercus robur and Q. petraea are important forest-forming species in Europe. Q. robur is believed to require more fertile soils, to be more tolerant to low temperatures and more sensitive to oak decline than Q. petraea. Thus chronologies of the two species from nearby localities were hypothesised to differ more strongly between species than between localities. Wood cores were collected on 23 research plots in 2 national parks and 12 forest districts. In each locality two plots (one with Q. robur and one with Q. petraea) were established in forest stands of similar age at similar site conditions wherever possible. Similarity between chronologies was assessed by the test of parallel agreement (Gleichlaufigkeit), Pearson correlation coefficients, and principal components. The plots were grouped by the Ward clustering method and according to 1st and 2nd principal components. The first 2 methods segregated chronologies nearly ideally into pairs of species from the same forest district, indicating that the chronologies differ between forest districts but not between species. Chronologies clustered in 2 large groups: northern and southern (on the basis of correlation) or northeastern and southwestern (on the basis of parallel agreement). Principal components also distinguished northeastern and southwestern chronologies, but less clearly. The results suggest that differences in climatic and soil requirements between the 2 oak species are generally too small in comparison with the differences caused by climatic factors.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2006, 55; 51-56
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sukcesja dębu w drzewostanach sosnowych na siedliskach borowych
    The oak succession in the pine stand in the coniferous forest habitat
    Autorzy:
    Gniot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    sukcesja roslin
    drzewostany sosnowe
    siedliska borowe
    Quercus
    lesnictwo
    dab
    drzewa lesne
    natural succesion
    oak
    pure pine stand
    coniferous forest habitats
    silviculture
    transformation of the
    stand
    the complexity in the forest vegetation community
    the biological diversity in the forest
    forestry
    headquater
    balanced proecological forest management unit
    the function of the forest
    multipurpose
    forest
    the ecosystem of the forest
    stand varied in species
    biocenosis
    the natural upgrowth
    Opis:
    Permanently balanced forest economy demands today a resignation from a constant model of the forest stand, which preferred the productive function of the forest, mostly without any consideration to its natural values formed by Mother Nature. Implanting on Polish grounds principles of multifunctional forest districts acknowledged as a breeding object of the whole forest ecosystem, giving in that way the forest economy a proecological dimension. Its a result from a general progress of civilization and achievements in forest science; reaching towards the needs and expectations from the society gaining a general acceptation from different environments. One of the fundamental elements implementing the ecosystem is to rebuild deformed and artificially barred forest phytocenosis. This refers especially to pure pine stands on habitats, in which trophoism potential explains breeding habitats species variety. A good help for the forester in this area can be a natural succesion of good, noble broad−leaved species like for example the oak. Succesion of this species takes on a special meaning in poor habitats, in which it without any special imposes enriches the biocenose with the whole positive outcome accompanying this process; it can also be a valuable clue to the potential fertility in the habitat and the complexity in the forest vegetation community. An important task is to lead the way for the oaks development from succesion to its fullest use as a natural presence in creating the future forest generation. The article below is devoted to this question describing the natural up growth of the oak in pine stands on the coniferous forest habitats in Forest District Różanna and the methods and results in which they are used for breeding.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 05; 60-72
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtowanie się smukłości pni dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w zależności od wieku drzew
    Forming slendernes of pedunculate oak stems [Quercus robur L.] in dependence of age of trees
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierczak, K.
    Pazdrowski, W.
    Mańka, K.
    Szymański, M.
    Nawrot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012526.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrometria
    smuklosc drzew
    wiek drzew
    Quercus robur
    lesnictwo
    dab szypulkowy
    drzewa lesne
    slenderness
    pedunculate oak
    stand stability
    age
    Opis:
    Paper identifies value and variability of slenderness of pedunculate oak stems in age range from 10 to 140 years describing slenderness of tree stems simultaneously using linear and multiplies regression. Strength of the connections between slenderness and selected dendrometrical traits was also defined. Dependence of the slenderness was investigated with respect to height, breast height diameter, and 10−years increment of breast height diameter, volume and 10−years volume increment in specific years of tree life. The slenderness of trees decreases with the growth of breast height diameter, breast height diameter increment, volume and volume increment. In case of height opposite tendency was observed. Dependence of slenderness on breast height diameter, height and age was analysed for all trees altogether as well. Slenderness was described additionally with linear and multivariate empirical equations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 07; 39-45
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Osmotic adaptation of Quercus robur L. under water stress in stands with different tree density - relation with groundwater table
    Autorzy:
    Cater, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41074.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    osmotic adaptation
    osmotic water potential
    pedunculate oak
    flood plain forest
    Quercus robur
    water stress
    stand
    tree
    plant density
    density
    relation
    ground water
    Opis:
    Solute accumulation in plant leaves during drought through accumulation of organic compounds is known to compensate turgor loss andpromote higher stomatal conductance at lower water potentials. Recent studies have involved experiments on saplings and younger stands, while evidence of osmotic adjustment in adult pedunculate oak under natural stand conditions on different sites is scarce. Pressure volume curves technique was used to define differences in osmotic potential – water stress adaptation – of 120 year oldped unculate oak trees in two managedforest complexes andin virgin forest remnant. Tree response between the managedstandafter thinning andthe standwithout any silvicultural measures within same forest complex was also compared during summer months in two consecutive (dry and favourable) years with groundwater table. Significant differences were observed in adaptation between forest complexes and during dry (2003) and favourable (2004) years. Osmotic component of thinnedforest was the highest, showing most negative values of stress adjustment. Measured values on all plots responded well to drop in groundwater table, especially in pronounced drought conditions. Such response may be in relation with lower stand density and increased individual space for growth in thinned stand. Adult oaks did not loose their ability to water stress adaptation, in spite of their age and progressively decreasing health conditions.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2011, 65
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of land relief and soil properties on stand structure of overgrown oak forests of coppice origin with Sorbus torminalis
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Szymura, M.
    Pietrzak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    land relief
    soil property
    stand structure
    overgrown coppice oak
    oak forest
    coppice
    Sorbus torminalis
    regeneration
    forest management
    Opis:
    Traditional forest management as coppicing and coppicing-with-standard are recently considered as beneficial for biodiversity in woodlands. Cessation of coppicing leads to changes in stand structure and often loss of biodiversity. In contemporary Polish forestry coppicing is not applied, however some stands of coppice origin persist in Silesia until present. The overgrown coppice oak forests that cover the southern slopes at the foothills of the Sudetes Mountains (Silesia, Central Europe) are considered to be Euro-Siberian steppic woods with a Quercus sp. habitat (91I0): a priority habitat in the European Union, according to the Natura 2000 system. They support one of the largest populations of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis Crantz) in Poland. In this study we investigated the relation of stand structure and trees parameters with environmental variables. The results showed considerable variability of stand volume, tree density and stems’ size correlated mostly with soil texture, but not nutrient content. We attributed it to soil dryness which seems to be the crucial factor controlling growth of trees. The natural regeneration of trees concentrated mostly on non-exposed sites on less acidic soils, but seedlings of wild service tree were present almost exclusively on most insolated sites, with shallow acidic soils. However, the regeneration of trees in sapling stage was restrained by browsing. Results suggest that maintaining of Sorbus torminalis requires protection against browsing, and some kind of active management is necessary to retain the observed stand structure with high proportion of wild service trees in stands on more fertile soils.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kwietnica okazała Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) – chroniony gatunek saproksyliczny drzewostanów dębowych w Polsce
    Flower chafer Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) – protected saproxylic species of oak stands in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Plewa, R.
    Hilszczański, J.
    Jaworski, T.
    Tarwacki, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1312844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    entomologia lesna
    drzewostany debowe
    owady saproksyliczne
    gatunki chronione
    kwietnica okazala
    Protaetia speciosissima
    wystepowanie
    saproxylic beetles
    oak stand
    forest strata
    yellow pan traps
    vertical distribution
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of our studies on the preferences of the flower chafer, Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786). The studies were carried out in 2009-2010 in the Forest Districts of Hajnówka, Krotoszyn, Łochów, Piñczów, and Puławy, located in various regions of Poland. Barrier traps consisting of a Moericke's trap and a Malaise's trap combined with a barrier of fine net were used to collect beetles. Traps were installed at two heights in over 100 years old oak stands, with the upper level in the canopy layer (mean height of 20.5 m) and the lower level adjacent to the tree trunk (mean height of 4,5 m). During two-year study, we collected a total of 328 specimens of P. speciosissima, 299 from the upper- and 29 from the lower forest layer. Thus, we confirmed strong preferences of the adult of P. speciosissima for the canopy layer in oak stands. Furthermore, our observations on phenology indicate that the second half of June and all of July are the months with the highest population density of P. speciosissima. This paper also proposes modes of action for conservation of the species.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 3; 225-229
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przyrost miąższości drzewostanów mieszanych i litych: wyniki z wybranych stałych powierzchni badawczych w Europie Środkowej
    Volume growth of mixed-species versus pure stands: results from selected long-term experimental plots in Central Europe
    Autorzy:
    Bilak, K.
    Dudzińska, M.
    Pretzsch, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989685.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany lite
    drzewostany mieszane
    drzewostany swierkowo-bukowe
    drzewostany debowo-bukowe
    stale powierzchnie obserwacyjne
    stopien zmieszania drzew
    przyrost miazszosci
    european beech
    norway spruce
    sessile and pedunculate oak
    mixed stand
    pure stand
    facilitation
    competition
    overyielding
    underyielding
    close−to−nature silviculture
    Opis:
    This paper addresses the question of whether or not and to which extent two common tree species mixtures (Norway spruce – European beech; sessile and pedunculate oak – European beech) vary in volume growth from their monocultures. To this end, the results from selected long−term experimental plots located in Germany, Poland and Switzerland, with many of them under survey since the 1890's, were employed. We found than on average both type of mixtures exceeded volume growth in pure stands by almost 30%. The analysis at the species level showed than only a Norway spruce response to mixture was neutral on average, while other tree species were benefitted by mixture. An empirical derived model for mixed stand of oak and European beech disclosed that the interaction can range from facilitation and overyielding on poor sites, through the neutral response under mesotrophic conditions, up to underyielding on fertile sites triggered by competition.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 01; 22-35
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena korytarzowej metody uprawy dębu (Quercus sp.) na przykładzie obiektów badawczych w nadleśnictwach Mircze i Kościan
    Evaluation of the corridor method for oak (Quercus sp.) cultivation using research objects in the Mircze and Koscian Forest Districts as an example
    Autorzy:
    Paluch, R.
    Gil, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1292277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    dab
    Quercus
    uprawa korytarzowa
    ocena hodowlana
    hodowla lasu
    odnowienia lasu
    Nadlesnictwo Mircze
    Nadlesnictwo Koscian
    oak
    corridor method
    oak cultivation
    forest regeneration
    stand tending
    Opis:
    The corridor method of oak (Quercus sp) cultivation is an old, forgotten silvicultural method. It was developed around the turn of the 19th and 20th century on the south-eastern borders of Poland (Podole, Wołyń) and Russia and made use of other species such as hornbeam, linden and birch as a cover for oak, which is a tree species sensitive to frosts. The nowadays recurring phenomenon of oak disease initiated a search for silvicultural alternatives and thus the usefulness of reviving the corridor method for oak regeneration was investigated by examining existing tree stands established in this way. Our research plots were located in five young stands and two in mature as well as old stands. In the stands of the 2nd and 3rd age classes, the density of oaks was observed to be 1500 - 3500 /ha, which accounted for 30-50%. The density of oak in old stands (7th age class) was similar to model-predicted values. Furthermore, the corridor method gave very good production results as exemplified by the oak stands growing on the fresh broadleaved site, which had a very high stand quality index. In addition, the species composition was observed to diversify throughout these oak stands’ development, thus supporting arguments for the conservation and preservation of oak-hornbeam forests. To summarise, the prerequisites for the success of the corridor method are systematic cuts of young stands (forest cultures and thickets) to inhibit the growth of accompanying undesired species and limiting the number of grazing animals.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2018, 79, 1
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola sójki (Garrulus glandarius) w inicjowaniu przemian sukcesyjnych zbiorowisk leśnych z udziałem dębu (Quercus sp.)
    Role of jay (Garrulus glandarius) in initializing successional changes in forest communities with the participation of oak (Quercus sp.)
    Autorzy:
    Olszewski, A.
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980357.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    zbiorowiska lesne
    sukcesja roslin
    dab
    Quercus
    zoochoria
    sojka
    Garrulus glandarius
    acorn
    jay
    oak
    ornitochory
    seed dispersal
    stand heterogeneity
    tree succession
    zoochory
    Opis:
    The ability of spatial expansion and conquering of new locations, suitable for growth, is one of the most important properties enabling different plant species (including forest trees) a permanent existence in a constantly changing (in space and in time) environment. In the course of evolution, plants developed several adaptations and mechanisms enabling them to capture new localities appropriate for life. The key role in this process is played by so called propagules, i.e. differently built spores, seeds and fruits. The main sources of forces and major transportation vectors for propagules are such mechanisms as: power of gravity (barochory), wind (anemochory), water (hydrochory), animals (zoochory) and man (antropochory). Among them, in case of tree species producing large seeds, containing bulky amounts of food resources, the most important role is played by zoochory. The special variant of zoochory is ornitochory, i.e. dispersion of plant propagules by birds. One of the best known and documented examples of ornitochory is dispersal of oak acorns by jays (Garrulus glandarius). The contemporary research shows that during a vegetation period one single bird is able to deposit even several thousends of acorns within the area of 10 to 100 ha. The dispersal distance in case of acorns distributed by jays is variable and depends on several factors, first of all, climatic conditions and degree of environmental heterogeneity. On average, acorns are distributed within a distance of several hundred meters from seed trees; sometimes they are disseminated at a distance of several (4−8, maximum 20) kilometers. As a rule, only a part of deposited acorns is uncovered and consumed by birds, thus at least some of them can germinate and produce new oak seedlings. It was also recently demonstrated that jays preferably put down acorns under the stand canopies composed by tree species other than oak, for instance, under Scots pine trees. Under favourable conditions, this initiates natural successional processes and leads to a significant conversion of tree stand composition. Considering a large scale and commonness of this phenomenon, it deserves an interest and attention, not in the case of natural forests only, but in the case of managed forests as well, in which the quasi−natural, successional processes, initiated by jays, can considerably contribute to a greater compositional and structural diversity of tree stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 479-88
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of environmental factors and management on dynamics of mixed calcareous forests under climate change in Central European lowlands
    Autorzy:
    Vancura, K.
    Simkova, M.
    Vacek, Z.
    Vacek, S.
    Gallo, J.
    Simunek, V.
    Podrazsky, V.
    Stefancik, I.
    Hajek, V.
    Prokupkova, A.
    Kralicek, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    hornbeam-oak groves
    beech forests
    stand structure
    diversity
    radial growth
    Czech Republic
    Opis:
    Mixed lowland forests reserved for natural succession are sparse in the Czech Republic. However, their development provides essential insights into the natural processes of these forests and recommendations for forest management in a changing climate. The research describes the dynamics, productivity, structure, diversity, dead wood, and radial growth of hornbeam-oak groves and calcareous beech-dominated forests in the Karlštejn National Nature Reserve (Czechia) based on inventory in 2002, 2008, 2014 and 2020. The objective was to evaluate changes in differently managed stands (high forest, coppice with standards, and coppice) after leaving the stands to spontaneous development in 2004. The tree density increased by 2–10% from 2002 to 2014 and decreased by 6–18% in 2020. In the high forest, an increase in the stand volume was observed during the whole period, while in the coppice with standards and coppice, only until 2014. The stand volume ranged from 190 (coppice) to 630 (high forest) m³ ha−1 in 2020 and increased by an average of 28% over 18 years. Overall diversity of tree layer showed an uneven structure in the high forest and a substantially diverse structure in the other variants. The deadwood volume has been steadily increasing (18–35 m³ ha−1 in 2020), accumulating an average of 1 m³ ha−1 yr−1. A lack of precipitation and high temperatures from June to August were the main limiting factors of the radial growth of tree species, while the number of negative pointer years has increased in the last decade. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was the most sensitive tree species to climate compared to the resilient European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). The lowest fluctuations in the diameter increment were recorded in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and the highest in beech in the temperature cycles of 7–15 years. Over the last 20 years, sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] showed an increase in radial growth by 7%, while other tree species reported a decrease with a maximum in beech (by −38%). The forest stands managed as high forest, characterized by a higher production potential and lower diversity, had slower dynamics when compared to coppice with standards and coppice.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2022, 87; 79-100
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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