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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 33
Tytuł:
Standing Waves and Acoustic Heating (or Cooling) in Resonators Filled with Chemically Reacting Gas
Autorzy:
Perelomova, A.
Pelc-Garska, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
standing wave
acoustic resonator
non-equilibrium media
Opis:
Standing waves and acoustic heating in a one-dimensional resonator filled with chemically reacting gas, is the subject of investigation. The chemical reaction of A → B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Governing equations for the sound and entropy mode which is generated in the field of sound are derived by use of a special mathematical method. Under some conditions, sound waves propagating in opposite directions do not interact. The character of nonlinear dynamics of the sound and relative acoustic heating or cooling depends on reversibility of a chemical reaction. Some examples of acoustic heating in a resonator are illustrated and discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 3; 403-410
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Acoustical Spectroscopy of Carbohydrate Aqueous Solutions: Saccharides; Alkyl Glycosides; Cyclodextrins. Part I. Conformer Variations
Autorzy:
Kaatze, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
acoustical spectroscopy
non-equilibrium spectroscopy
carbohydrate solutions
Opis:
Acoustical attenuation spectra in the frequency range 12 kHz – 2 GHz and nonequilibrium time domain measurements are briefly reviewed for aqueous solutions of various mono- and disaccharides as well as alkyl glycosides. Several relaxation regimes emerge with relaxation times between 10^-11 s and 10^3 s. In this paper relaxation terms reflecting conformational changes are discussed, particularly mutarotation (10^3 s), chair-chair ring inversion (1 ąs), two modes of pseudorotation (100 ns, 10 ns), disaccharide ring isomerisation (10 ns), and exocyclic side group rotation (1 ns).
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2010, 35, 4; 715-738
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nonlinear Influence of Sound on the Vibrational Energy of Molecules in a Relaxing Gas
Autorzy:
Perelomova, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
relaxing gas
non-equilibrium media
nonlinear effects of sound
Opis:
Dynamics of a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. Variations in the vibrational energy in the field of intense sound is considered. These variations are caused by a nonlinear transfer of the acoustic energy into energy of vibrational degrees of freedom in a relaxing gas. The final dynamic equation which describes this is instantaneous, it includes a quadratic nonlinear acoustic source reflecting the nonlinear character of interaction of high-frequency acoustic and non-acoustic motions in a gas. All types of sound, periodic or aperiodic, may serve as an acoustic source. Some conclusions about temporal behavior of the vibrational mode caused by periodic and aperiodic sounds are made.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2012, 37, 1; 89-96
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wet steam flow in 1100 MW turbine
Autorzy:
Jun, Gukchol
Kolovratník, Michal
Hoznedl, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
steam turbine
wet steam
loss
non-equilibrium condensation
CFD
Opis:
The paper deals with the wet steam flow in a steam turbine operating in a nuclear power plant. Using a pneumatic and an optical probe, the static pressure, steam velocity, steam wetness and the fine water droplets diameter spectra were measured before and beyond the last turbine low-pressure stage. The results of the experiment serve to understand better the wet steam flow and map its liquid phase in this area. The wet steam data is also used to modify the condensation model used in computational fluid dynamics simulations. The condensation model, i.e. the nucleation rate and the growth rate of the droplets, is adjusted so that results of the numerical simulations are in a good agreement with the experimental results. A 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations was performed for the lowpressure part of the turbine considering non-equilibrium steam condensation. In the post-processing of the of the numerical calculation result, the thermodynamic wetness loss was evaluated and analysed. Loss analysis was performed for the turbine outputs of 600, 800, and 1100 MW, respectively.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 3; 63-85
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generalization of Onsager’s reciprocal relations
Autorzy:
Etkin, V. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
consequences
differential reciprocal relations
generalization
non-equilibrium thermodynamics
substantiation
verification
Opis:
Shows, that it is possible to expand the existing theory of irreversible processes to processes of useful transformation of any forms of energy by a finding of motive forces and the speeds of real processes as derivative of energy, but not entropy; that for such processes there are differential reciprocal relations with Onsager’s symmetry and Cazimir’s anti-symmetry conditions resulting from them; that Maxwell’s equations follows from these correlation, confirming their equity for a wide class of processes, satisfying to these equations
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 64; 44-53
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Purification of the gas after pyrolysis in coupled plasma-catalytic system
Autorzy:
Młotek, M.
Ulejczyk, B.
Woroszył, J.
Walerczak, I.
Krawczyk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
gliding discharge
non-equilibrium plasma
plasma-catalytic system
tar decompositio
Opis:
Gliding discharge and coupled plasma-catalytic system were used for toluene conversion in a gas composition such as the one obtained during pyrolysis of biomass. The chosen catalyst was G-0117, which is an industrial catalyst for methane conversion manufactured by INS Pulawy (Poland). The effects of discharge power, initial concentration of toluene, gas flow rate and the presence of the bed of the G-0117 catalyst on the conversion of C7 H8 , a model tars compounds were investigated. Conversion of coluene increases with discharge power and the highest one was noted in the coupled plasma-catalytic system. It was higher than that in the homogeneous system of gliding discharge. When applying a reactor with reduced G-0117 and CO (0.15 mol%), CO2  (0.15 mol%), H2  (0.30 mol%), N2  (0.40 mol%), 4000 ppm of toluene and gas flow rate of 1.5 Nm3 /h, the conversion of toluene was higher than 99%. In the coupled plasma-catalytic system with G-0117 methanation of carbon oxides was observed.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 4; 94-98
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Features of Nonlinear Sound Propagation in Vibrationally Excited Gases
Autorzy:
Perelomova, A.
Kusmirek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nonlinear acoustics
parameter of nonlinearity
non-equilibrium media
vibrationally excited gas
Opis:
Weakly nonlinear sound propagation in a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. New equations which govern the sound in media where the irreversible relaxation may take place are derived and discussed. Their form depends on the regime of excitation of oscillatory degrees of freedom, equilibrium (reversible) or non-equilibrium (irreversible), and on the comparative frequency of the sound in relation to the inverse time of relaxation. Additional nonlinear terms increase standard nonlinearity of the high-frequency sound in the equilibrium regime of vibrational excitation and decrease otherwise. As for the nonlinearity of the low-frequency sound, the conclusions are opposite. Appearance of a non-oscillating additional part which is a linear function of the distance from the transducer is an unusual property of nonlinear distortions of harmonic at the transducer high-frequency sound.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2013, 38, 3; 357-362
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Origin of Life: Atmospheric Hypothesis
Autorzy:
Zemnukhov, Vladimir V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42802893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Origin of life
non-equilibrium
chirality
ancient Earth
atmosphere
protobionts
Venus
Opis:
An original hypothesis of the origin of life in an atmosphere of ancient Earth is proposed. It is shown that the atmospheric conditions of ancient Earth had been beneficial not only for initial abiogenic synthesis of organic monomers, but also for their polymerization and decomposition of protobiopolymers. Protobionts are particles of water aerosol the size of 1–10 microns. The proposed hypothesis can tie together all relevant facts on the early Earth’s history, antiquity and ecology features of methanogenic Achaea, the small size of prokaryotes, the discovery of fossilized prokaryotes in meteorites and others. The hypothesis provides an opportunity to consider the evolution of all principal components of the cell in a continuous relationship with each other and with the environment, from the earliest stages of the origin of life. According to the proposed hypothesis, the origin of life can be considered in conjunction with the development of formation of biogeochemical cycles as a natural process, which is an integral part of the birth of planets.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2024, 12; 55-63
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Colored-noise-induced anomalous transport in periodic structures
Autorzy:
Laas, T.
Sauga, A.
Mankin, R.
Ainsaar, A.
Ugaste, U.
Rekker, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
non-equilibrium fluctuations
noise-induced transport
hypersensitive transport
ratchet system
anomalous
Opis:
Colored-noise-induced anomalous transport phenomena of overdamped particles in a tilted periodic sawtooth potential driven by a nonequilibrium three-level noise and an additive thermal noise are considered analytically. All the physical results discussed are computed by means of exact formulas. It is demonstrated that the particles exhibit anomalous transport properties, such as, multiple change in the sign of the particle flow, absolute negative mobility, negative differential mobility, hypersensitive transport, and hypersensitive differential response. The necessary conditions for various anomalous transport properties are found. It is established that in certain parameter regions an increase in noise parameters (noise-flatness, correlation time, temperature) can facilitate the conversion of noise energy into mechanical work - i.e., the dependence of the efficiency of energy transformation on noise parameters exhibits a bellshaped (resonance) form. Some possible applications to fluctuation-induced separation of particles as well as to the amplification of small signals are also discussed. Our results provide some new perspectives to support elaboration of a model of interaction between plasma beams and construction materials in plasma focus devices.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 63-69
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of the Magnetic Water Treatment Mechanism
Autorzy:
Vaskina, Iryna
Roi, Ihor
Plyatsuk, Leonid
Vaskin, Roman
Yakhnenko, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
wastewater
aqueous solutions
water isomer
magnetic induction
non-equilibrium system
librational fluctuation
Opis:
The main problem of widespread introduction of magnetic water treatment (MWT) in the processes of water and wastewater treatment is the lack of modern research aimed at studying the mechanisms of MWT effects, in particular the influence on the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions. This study explains the effect of MWT taking into account the physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions due to the presence of the quantum differences in water molecules. All of the MWT effects are related to the change in the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions. It is due to the presence of two types of water molecule isomers and their librational oscillations. The result of MWT is a violation of the synchronism of para-isomers vibrations, with the subsequent destruction of ice-like structures due to the receiving of energy from collisions with other water molecules (ortho-isomers). One of the most important MWT effects includes the change in the nature and speed of the physicochemical processes in aqueous solutions by increasing the number of more physically and chemically active ortho-isomers. The MWT parameters specified in the work allow explaining the nature of most MWT effects and require developing the scientific and methodological principles for the implementation of the MWT process and mathematical modeling of the MWT process in the water and wastewater treatment. It can be used in the design of the MWT devices taking into account the constructive and mode parameters of MWT devices.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 2; 251-260
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SRH suppression mechanism in a non-equilibrium MWIR HgCdTe photodiode
Autorzy:
Kopytko, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
HgCdTe photodiode
non-equilibrium conditions
fully-depleted photodiode
minority carrier lifetime
generation rates
Opis:
The operation of narrow-gap semiconductor devices under non-equilibrium mode is used at temperatures where the materials are normally intrinsic. The phenomenon of minority carrier exclusion and extraction was particularly discussed in the case of the suppression of Auger thermal generation in heterojunction photodiodes, especially important in the long-wave infrared range. This paper shows that the reduction of the dark current in the HgCdTe photodiode operating in the mid-wave infrared range is primarily the result of suppression of the Shockley-Read-Hall generation in the non-equilibrium absorber. Under a reverse bias, the majority carrier concentration is held equal to the majority carrier doping level. This effect also leads to a decreased majority carrier population at the trap level and an effective increase in the carrier lifetime. The analysed device was with the following design: p+-Bp cap-barrier unit, p-type absorber doped at the level of 8 ·10¹⁵ cm¯³, and wide-bandgap N+ bottom contact layer. At room temperature, the lowest dark current density of 3.12 ·10¯¹ A/cm² was consistent with the theoretically predicted Shockley-Read-Hall suppression mechanism, about two times smaller than for the equilibrium case.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, Special Issue; art. no. e144548
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane metody pomiaru temperatury plazmy w reaktorach typu jet
Selected methods of temperature measurements of plasma in plasma jet reactors
Autorzy:
Terebun, P.
Krupski, P.
Kwiatkowski, M.
Samoń, R.
Diatczyk, J.
Pawłat, J.
Stryczewska, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
plazma nierównowagowa
reaktory plazmowe typu jet
temperatura plazmy
non-equilibrium plasma
plasma jet
plasma temperature
Opis:
Z punktu widzenia fizyki plazmy, temperatura jest niezwykle ważnym parametrem określającym rodzaj i energię cząstek plazmy, a tym samym jej właściwości chemiczne i elektryczne. Ma to szczególne znaczenie w przypadku reaktorów typu jet, których obszar zastosowań w biotechnologii i medycynie ograniczony jest min. maksymalnymi dopuszczalnymi temperaturami gazu wylotowego. Praca przedstawia wybrane metody pomiaru temperatury plazmy nierównowagowej wytwarzanej w reaktorach typu jet. Ze względu na rodzaj i cel pomiaru, jako szczególnie przydatne metody opisano: termopary (temperatura gazu), sondy elektrostatyczne (temperatura elektronów) oraz metody spektroskopowe (temperatura wzbudzenia atomów i jonów).
In plasma physics, the temperature is an extremely important parameter which determinates the type and energy of plasma particles, and thus their chemical and electrical properties. This is particularly important in biotechnology and medicine, where use of plasma jet reactor is limited by maximum permitted temperature of exhaust gas. The article presents selected methods of temperature measuring in non-equilibrium plasma produced in jet reactors. Due to the nature and purpose of measurement, as a particularly useful methods were described: thermocouple (the gas temperature), electrostatic probe (electron temperature) and spectroscopic methods (temperature excitation of atoms and ions).
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2015, 3; 43-46
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coloured-noise-induced transitions in nonlinear structures
Autorzy:
Mankin, R.
Laas, T.
Soika, E.
Sauga, A.
Rekker, A.
Ainsaar, A.
Ugaste, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
non-equilibrium fluctuations
coloured-noise-induced transitions
mean-field approximation
Hopf bifurcation
stochastic Lotka-Volterra system
Opis:
In a stochastic framework, macroscopic approaches are sought to describe microscopic interaction between different species. Coloured-noise-induced transitions in stochastic N-species Lotka-Volterra systems are considered analytically as an appropriate model extendable to many natural and nano-technological processes. All the results discussed are computed by means of a dynamical mean-field approximation. It is demonstrated that interplay of coloured noise and interaction intensities of species can generate a variety of cooperation effects, such as discontinuous transitions of the mean population density, noise-induced Hopf bifurcations and relaxation oscillation. The necessary conditions for the cooperation effects are also discussed. Particularly, it is established that, in the case of the Beddington functional response, in certain parameter regions of the model an increase in noise correlation time can cause multiple transitions (more than two) between relaxation oscillatory regimes and equilibrium states.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, 3; 127-134
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wave as a real quantum of radiation
Autorzy:
Etkin, V. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
ambient medium modulation
non-equilibrium thermodynamics
non-trivial consequences
radiant flux
radiation law
stationary process
wave as a quantum
Opis:
This article is intended to show that from the standpoint of non-equilibrium thermodynamics the radiation law may be approached without resort to the thermal equilibrium conditions, quantum-mechanical considerations and Planck’s constant. In this case the radiation appears to be a process of ambient medium modulation with the oscillation frequencies intrinsic in the radiator with subsequent transfer of this excitation through the medium. In this case the excited wave, but not the particle named as photon, becomes the real quantum of radiation. The intensity of this quantum is found and the possibility is shown to thus overcome a number of the existing difficulties in comprehending and explaining the optical phenomena observed.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 66; 293-300
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical models of ion transport through cell membrane channels
Autorzy:
Miękisz, Jacek
Gomułkiewicz, Jan
Miękisz, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/748548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
ion channels, ion transport, Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, Kawasaki dynamics, driven lattice gases
Opis:
We discuss various models of ion transport through cell membrane channels. Recent experimental data shows that sizes of some ion channels are compared to those of ions and that only few ions may be simultaneously in any single channel. Theoretical description of ion transport in such channels should therefore take into account stochastic fluctuations and interactions between ions and between ions and channel proteins. This is not satisfied by macroscopic continuum models based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations. More realistic descriptions of ion transport are offered by microscopic molecular and Brownian dynamics. We present a derivation of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations. We also review some recent models such as single-file diffusion and Markov chains of interacting ions (boundary driven lattice gases).Such models take into account discrete and stochastic nature of ion transport and specifically interactions between ions in ion channels.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 2014, 42, 1
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 33

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