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Tytuł:
„Cicha” nawierzchnia drogowa jako sposób na ograniczenie poziomu hałasu od ruchu samochodowego
Low-noise pavement as a way of limitation of traffic noise level
Autorzy:
Gardziejczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
hałas
ruch samochodowy
nawierzchnia drogowa
noise
traffic
road pavement
Opis:
Nawierzchnia drogowa może w istotny sposób obniżyć poziom hałasu od ruchu samochodowego. W zależności od charakterystyki górnej warstwy nawierzchni różnice pomiędzy maksymalnymi poziomami hałasu toczenia od przejeżdżających pojazdów osiągają wartości do około 10 dB(A). Specjalną grupą są „ciche” nawierzchnie charakteryzujące się zawartością wolnych przestrzeni powyżej 15%. Wykonanie górnych warstw nawierzchni z asfaltu porowatego lub z mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowej typu BBTM wpływa na istotne zmniejszenie szerokości pasa terenu w otoczeniu trasy drogowej, na którym dopuszczalny równoważny poziom dźwięku jest przekroczony. Takie rozwiązania w niektórych sytuacjach mogą zastąpić ekrany akustyczne. Nawierzchnie o zwiększonej zawartości wolnych przestrzeni wymagają jednak odpowiedniego utrzymania, gdyż ich skuteczność akustyczna ulega zmniejszeniu w czasie eksploatacji.
Road surface can significantly reduce the traffic noise level. Depending on the characteristic of the upper surface layers the differences between the maximum rolling noise levels from passing vehicles to reach values about 10 dB (A). A special group is low-noise pavements characterized by the presence of voids above 15%. Application the porous asphalt layers or asphalt mixture type BBTM affects a significant reduction the width of land surrounded the roads where permissible equivalent sound level is exceeded. Such solutions in some cases can replace acoustic barriers. Road pavements with a higher content of voids require proper maintenance because their acoustic performances are reduced during operation.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2014, 40; 65-73
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Noise” in climatologically driven ocean models with different grid resolution
Autorzy:
Tang, S.
von Storch, H.
Chen, X.
Zhang, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
climate system
noise
nonlinear model
high-dimensional nonlinear model
macroturbulence
spatial distribution
daily variation
South China Sea
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2019, 61, 3
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
1.28 Tbps DWDM optical network design using a dispersion compensating distributed Raman amplifier over S-band
Autorzy:
Gul, Baseerat
Ahmad, Faroze
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
dense wavelength division multiplexing
conventional single mode fibre
optical signal to noise ratio
stimulated Raman scattering
S-band
dispersion compensating fibre
Opis:
A 100 km long dense wavelength division multiplexed optical network design with a capacity of 1.28 Tbps is proposed in this paper. The novelty of this work is the use of a dispersion compensating fibre as a Raman amplifier in the S-band for a high-capacity dense wavelength division multiplexing network. The transmission is accomplished auspiciously in the wavelength range from 196 THz to 202. 35THz. The coupling of a Raman amplifier made the realisation of the S-band possible in the network, as the erbium-doped fibre amplifier is competent for amplification in C- and L-bands only. Further, a pump coupler is used for multiple pumping to enlarge the gain spectrum for a high-capacity optical network. The performance analysis of the network is carried out systematically in terms of bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, Q-factor, and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). The results demonstrate that the proposed set-up shows adequately low BER, sufficient Q-factor values, wide eye-opening, and commendable OSNR for all receiving channels.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 2; art. no. e146104
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3E - A new paradigm for the development of civil aviation
Autorzy:
Orkisz, Marek
Kuźniar, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
airplane
electric propulsion
hybrid propulsion
distributed propulsion
reduction of emission exhaust
reduction of noise
decrease of fuel consumption
samolot
napęd elektryczny
napęd hybrydowy
napęd rozproszony
redukcja emisji spalin
redukcja hałasu
zmniejszenie zużycia paliwa
Opis:
Nowadays, in civil aviation, issues related to improving efficiency, reducing the costs of air operations as well as the negative impact of air transport on the environment are of increasing importance. These ideas allow the formulation of the paradigm relating to the development of air transport - ‘more Efficiently, more Economically, more Eco-friendly - 3E’. The article presents in a cross-sectional and synthetic way research conducted by leading scientific centres around the world as well as prototype aviation constructions designed by companies from the aviation industry. Benefits and disadvantages of future propulsions, such as purely electric, hybrid and distributed propulsions, were presented. Conclusions were formulated regarding further possible directions of civil aviation development, taking into account the improvement of its efficiency as well as economic and ecological indicators.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2020, 59, 2; 3--10
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
4’ 33’’: JOHN CAGE’S UTOPIA OF MUSIC
Autorzy:
Palmowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647194.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
John Cage, utopia, poethics, silence, noise
Opis:
The present article examines the connection between Cage’s politics and aesthetics, demonstrating how his formal experiments are informed by his political and social views. In 4’33’’, which is probably the best il- lustration of Cage’s radical aesthetics, Cage wanted his listeners to appreciate the beauty of accidental noises, which, as he claims elsewhere, “had been dis-criminated against” (Cage 1961d: 109). His egalitarian stance is also reflected in his views on the function of the listener. He wants to empower his listeners, thus blurring the distinction between the performer and the audience. In 4’33’’ the composer forbidding the performer to impose any sounds on the audience gives the audience the freedom to rediscover the natural music of the world. I am arguing that in his experiments Cage was motivated not by the desire for formal novelty but by the utopian desire to make the world a better place to live. He described his music as “an affirmation of life – not an at- tempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we’re living, which is so excellent once one gets one’s mind and desires out of its way and lets it act of its own accord” (Cage 1961b: 12). 
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2016, 15, 2
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
64 Channel ASIC for Neurobiology Experiments
Autorzy:
Gryboś, P.
Kmon, P.
Szczygieł, R.
Żołądź, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
low noise amplifier
neural recording
ASIC
multichannel systems
neurobiology experiments
Opis:
This paper presents the design and measurements of 64 channel Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) for recording signals in neurobiology experiments. The ASIC is designed in 180 nm technology and operates with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. Single readout channel is built of AC coupling circuit at the input and two amplifier stages. In order to reduce the number of output lines, the 64 analogue signals from readout channels are multiplexed to a single output by an analogue multiplexer. The gain of the single channel can be set either to 350 V/V or 700 V/V. The low and the high cut-off frequencies can be tuned in 9 ÷ 90 Hz and in the 1.6 ÷ 24 kHz range respectively. The input referred noise is 7 µV rms in the bandwidth 90 Hz - 1.6 kHz and 9 µ V rms in the bandwidth 9 Hz - 24 kHz. The single channel consumes 200 µW of power and this together with other parameters make the chip suitable for recording neurobiology signals.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2010, 56, 4; 375-380
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
64 channel neural recording amplifier with tunable bandwidth in 180 nm CMOS technology
Autorzy:
Gryboś, P.
Kmon, P.
Żołądź, M.
Szczygieł, R.
Kachel, M.
Lewandowski, M.
Błasiak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
neurobiological measurements
low noise amplifier
neural recording
band-pass filter
multichannel ASIC
Opis:
This paper presents the design and measurements of low-noise multichannel front-end electronics for recording extra-cellular neuronal signals using microelectrode arrays. The integrated circuit contains 64 readout channels and is fabricated in CMOS 180 nm technology. A single readout channel is built of an AC coupling circuit at the input, a low-noise preamplifier, a band-pass filter and a second amplifier. In order to reduce the number of output lines, the 64 analog signals from readout channels are multiplexed to a single output by an analog multiplexer. The chip is optimized for low noise and good matching performance and has the possibility of passband tuning. The low cut-off frequency can be tuned in the 1 Hz - 60 Hz range while the high cut-off frequency can be tuned in the 3.5 kHz - 15 kHz range. For the nominal gain setting at 44 dB and power dissipation per single channel of 220 žW, the equivalent input noise is in the range from 6 žV - 11 žV rms depending on the band-pass filter settings. The chip has good uniformity concerning the spread of its electrical parameters from channel to channel. The spread of the gain calculated as standard deviation to mean value is about 4.4% and the spread of the low cut-off frequency set at 1.6 Hz is only 0.07 Hz. The chip occupies 5×2.3 mm⊃2 of silicon area. To our knowledge, our solution is the first reported multichannel recording system which allows to set in each recording channel the low cut-off frequency within a single Hz with a small spread of this parameter from channel to channel. The first recordings of action potentials from the thalamus of the rat under urethane anesthesia are presented.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 4; 631-643
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Allas and weilawei: Interjections in some of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (Fragment III: Wife of Bath, the Friar, the Summoner)
Autorzy:
Reber, Elisabeth
Sauer †, Hans
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-06
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Chaucer
Canterbury Tales (Fragment III)
interjections
inserts
pragmatic noise
etymology
meter
characterization of figure
Opis:
We investigate Chaucer’s use of interjections in Fragment III of the Canterbury Tales, which comprises “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale”, “The Friar’s Prologue and Tale”, and “The Summoner’s Prologue and Tale”. We discuss the problem of how to distinguish interjections from other word classes, and we distinguish primary interjections such as allas, buf, ey, fy, hayt, lo, weilawei and secondary interjections, such as hayl, look, now, peace, welcome, why. As a third group we also take corroborative phrases such as by God into consideration. We look at the frequency of the various interjections: Now, lo, nay as well as a, by God, and pardee are frequent and occur in all the tales of Fragment III; on the other hand of the frequency scale there are buf, which is a hapax legomenon, and the rarely attested hayt. We describe the interjectional spectrum used in Fragment III based on their functions. Interjections can, for example, serve as indicators of emotions (allas, weilawei), as corroboratives (by God) and expletives (a devel weye), as discourse markers (now thanne), as response forms (nay, ye, yis), as polite speech act formulae (grant mercy, no fors), etc. The paper further offers an analysis of the phonology, morphology, verse meter and stress pattern. As the Middle English vocabulary generally, the etymology of the interjections is mixed: some go back to Old English, especially weilawei, but many were borrowed from French (or ultimately from Latin), e.g., allas, ey, fy, pardee. Chaucer’s characters often use not just one, but two or three interjections in combination, e.g., Allas! and weylawey! or allas nay, nay, mainly probably for additional emphasis. We suggest that that the interjectional spectrum in Fragment III (1) expands on Biber et al’s. (1999) inserts and Culpeper and Kytö’s (2010) pragmatic noise; (2) undergoes change like words; and is indexical (3) of a multi-lingual social context (4) and of oral and literary conventions.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, 15; 279-304
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A 5.5 µW 42nV/√ Hz Chopper stabilized Amplifier for Biomedical Application with Input Impedance Enhancement
Autorzy:
Adesara, Ankit
Naik, Amisha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
biopotential amplifier
input impedance
noise
power
ECG
EEG
Opis:
The continuous real-time monitoring of diverse physical parameters using biosignals like ECG and EEG requires the biomedical sensors. Such sensor consists of analog front-end unit for which low noise and low power Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is essential. In this paper, the novel chopper-stabilized bio-potential amplifier is proposed. The chopper stabilization technique is used to reduce the offset and flicker noise. Further, the OTA is likewise comprised of a method to enhance the input impedance without consuming more power. Also, the ripple reduction technique is used at the output branch of the OTA. The designed amplifier consumes 5.5 µW power with the mid-band gain of 40dB. The pass-band for the designed amplifier is 0.1Hz to 1KHz. The input impedance is likewise boosted with the proposed method. The noise is 42 nV/√ Hz with CMRR of 82 dB. All simulations are carried out in 180nm parameters.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 3; 523-530
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparative Study of Various Edge Detection Techniques for Underwater Images
Autorzy:
Awalludin, Ezmahamrul Afreen
Arsad, Tengku Noorfarahana T.
Yussof, Wan Nural Jawahir Hj Wan
Bachok, Zainudin
Hitam, Muhammad Suzuri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
edge detection
mean square error
median filtering
peak signal to noise
wiener filtering
Opis:
Nowadays, underwater image identification is a challenging task for many researchers focusing on various ap plications, such as tracking fish species, monitoring coral reef species, and counting marine species. Because underwater im ages frequently suffer from distortion and light attenuation, pre-processing steps are required in order to enhance their quality. In this paper, we used multiple edge detection techniques to determine the edges of the underwater images. The pictures were pre-processed with the use of specific techniques, such as enhancement processing, Wiener filtering, median filtering and thresholding. Coral reef pictures were used as a dataset of underwater images to test the efficiency of each edge detection method used in the experiment. All coral reef image datasets were captured using an underwater GoPro camera. The performance of each edge detection technique was evaluated using mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The lowest MSE value and the highest PSNR value represent the best quality of underwater images. The results of the experiment showed that the Canny edge detection technique outperformed other approaches used in the course of the project.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 1; 23--33
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A concept of a passive radar with quadrature microwave phase discriminators
Autorzy:
Rutkowski, A. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
passive radar
instantaneous frequency measurement
IFM
microwave phase discriminator
phase of noise signal
Opis:
Passive radar does not have its own emitter. It uses so-called signals of opportunity emitted by non-cooperative illuminators. During the detection of reflected signals, a direct signal from a non-cooperative emitter is used as the reference signal. Detection of electromagnetic echoes is, in present day radars, performed by finding the maximum of the cross ambiguity function. This function is based on the multiplication of the received signal and the reference signal. Detection of echoes by means of a quadrature microwave phase discriminator QMPD was proposed in the work as an alternative solution for ambiguity function evaluation. This discriminator carries out vectorial summing of the received and the reference signals. The summing operations in QMPD are carried out with the aid of microwave elements and without the use of expensive digital signal processors. Definitions of the phase and phase difference of the so-called simple signals and noise signals were described. A proposal of a passive radar equipped with several independent quadrature microwave phase discriminators was presented. Ideas of algorithms of object detection and of the distance-to-object estimation designed for this radar have been also sketched.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2012, 19, 1; 95-104
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Fast Method of Feature Extraction for Lowering Vehicle Pass-By Noise Based on Nonnegative Tucker3 Decomposition
Autorzy:
Wang, H.
Cheng, G.
Deng, G.
Li, X.
Li, H.
Huang, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
vehicle pass-by noise
NTD
feature extraction
sound pressure level
Opis:
Usually, the judgement of one type fault of vehicle pass-by noise is difficult for engineers, especially when some significant features are disturbed by other interference noise, such as the squealing noise is almost simultaneous with the whistle in the exhaust system. In order to cope with this problem, a new method, with the antinoise ability of the algorithm on the condition by which the features are entangled, is developed to extract clear features for the fault analysis. In the proposed method, the nonnegative Tucker3 decomposition (NTD) with fast updating algorithm, signed as NTD_FUP, can find out the natural frequency of the parts/components from the exhaust system. Not only does the NTD_FUP extract clear features from the confused noise, but also it is superior to the traditional methods in practice. Then, an aluminium-foil alloy material, which is used for the heat shield for its lower noise radiation, replaces the aluminium alloy alone. Extensive experiments show that the sound pressure level of the vehicle pass-by noise is reduced 0.9 dB(A) by the improved heat shield, which is also considered as a more lightweight design for the exhaust system of an automobile.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2017, 42, 4; 619-629
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A generalized method for assessing emissions from road and air transport on the example of Warsaw Chopin Airport
Autorzy:
Wasiak, Mariusz, Jacek
Niculescu, Adrian Ioan
Kowalski, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
transport drogowy
transport lotniczy
emisja hałasu
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
koszt zewnętrzny
Lotnisko Chopina
road transport
air transport
noise emission
air pollution
external cost
Warsaw Chopin Airport
Opis:
The article presents a method for assessing emissions of harmful substances and noise from road and air transport, as well as a combined assessment of the emissions of these transport pollutants. The original analytical dependencies reflecting the emissions of harmful substances from road transport, developed as part of the EMITRANSYS project implemented at the Faculty of Transport of the Warsaw University of Technology, were taken into consideration, in which the unit values of the actual road emissions of harmful substances are a function of, among other things, route length or speed of the vehicles. However, the dependencies associated with noise emissions were taken from the applicable international guidelines for assessing environmental pollution by traffic noise. The article also describes a case study in which the impact of Warsaw Chopin Airport on noise along the Warsaw road network and the entire Warsaw agglomeration was assessed. Analyses and discussions were carried out in the scope of the change in transport noise due to air operations carried out in the analysed area. As agreed, the combined impact of road and aircraft noise in the area under study is far more unfavourable than street noise alone. Thus, it can be seen that the assessment of noise levels carried out separately for individual modes of transport (in accordance with applicable regulations) should be supplemented with the assessment of traffic noise from all modes of transport – especially in the case of simulation tests of ecologically friendly changes in the area of transport.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2020, 66, 2; 399-419
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A generalized white noise space approach to stochastic integration for a class of Gaussian stationary increment processes
Autorzy:
Alpay, D.
Kipnis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/255154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
stochastic integral
white noise space
fractional Brownian motion
Opis:
Given a Gaussian stationary increment processes, we show that a Skorokhod-Hitsuda stochastic integral with respect to this process, which obeys the Wick-Itô calculus rules, can be naturally defined using ideas taken from Hida’s white noise space theory. We use the Bochner-Minlos theorem to associate a probability space to the process, and define the counterpart of the S-transform in this space. We then use this transform to define the stochastic integral and prove an associated Itô formula.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2013, 33, 3; 395-417
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Global Index of Acoustic Assessment of Machines—Results of Experimental and Simulation Tests
Autorzy:
Pleban, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
acoustic assessment
machinery
noise
Opis:
A global index of machines was developed to assess noise emitted by machines and to predict noise levels at workstations. The global index is a function of several partial indices: sound power index, index of distance between the workstation and the machine, radiation directivity index, impulse and impact noise index and noise spectrum index. Tests were carried out to determine values of the global index for engine-generator; the inversion method for determining sound power level was used. It required modelling each tested generator with one omnidirectional substitute source. The partial indices and the global index were simulated, too. The results of the tests confirmed the correctness of the simulations.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2011, 17, 3; 277-286
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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