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Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
Tytuł:
The effect of soil contamination with diesel oil and petrol on the nitrification process
Proces nitryfikacji w glebie zanieczyszczonej olejem napedowym i benzyna
Autorzy:
Kucharski, J
Tomkiel, M.
Boros, E.
Wyszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
soil contamination
petrol
nitrification process
diesel fuel
nitrogen fertilizer
immobilization
Opis:
The effect of soil contamination with diesel oil and petrol on the nitrification process was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Samples of typical brown soil developed from loamy sand, of pH of 6.6 in 1M KCl, Hh -11.38 mmol+ kg-1 soil, S — 77.67 mmol+ kg-1 soil and Corg - 8.50 g kg-1 were analyzed. The experiment was performed in three replications, and for each test 100 g air-dry soil sample was placed in 150 cm3 beakers. Soil samples were contaminated with diesel oil and petrol with the addition of rapeseed oil and ethanol. The source of nitrogen was ammonium sulfate in the amount of 0 and 250 mg N per kg-1 soil. The content of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ was determined on experimental days 14, 28 and 42. Soil moisture was kept constant at 50% capillary water capacity throughout the experiment. Fertilizer nitrogen was subject to strong immobilization in soil contaminated with diesel oil and petrol. Both pollutants strongly inhibited the nitrification process. Diesel oil had a much stronger inhibitory effect on nitrification than petrol. Rapeseed oil also proved to be a powerful inhibiting factor. On experimental day 42, diesel oil reduced ammonium cation oxidation by 99%, and petrol - by 88%.
W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby olejem napędowym i benzyną na przebieg procesu nitryfikacji. Do badań wykorzystano próbki gleby brunatnej właściwej wytworzonej z piasku gliniastego o pH w 1M KCl 6,6, Hh — 11,38 mmol+ kg-1 gleby, S — 77,67 mmol+ kg-1 gleby, Corg — 8,50 g kg-1. Badania wykonano w trzech powtórzeniach, umieszczając w zlewkach o pojemności 150 cm3 po 100 g powietrznie suchej gleby. Próbki glebowe zanieczyszczono olejem napędowym, benzyną i domieszką oleju rzepakowego i etanolu. Jako źródło azotu zastosowano siarczan amonu w ilości 0 i 250 mg N kg-1 gleby. Zawartość N-NO3- i N-NH4+ oznaczono w 14., 28. i 42. dniu założenia doświadczenia. Przez cały okres trwania badań utrzymywano stałą wilgotność gleby na poziomie 50% kapilarnej pojemności wodnej. Stwierdzono, że w glebie zanieczyszczonej olejem napędowym i benzyną zachodziła silna immobilizacja azotu nawozowego. Obydwa zanieczyszczenia silnie hamowały proces nitryfikacji. Zdecydowanie większe zakłócenia w przebiegu procesu nitryfikacji powodował olej napędowy niż benzyna. Również silnym inhibitorem nitryfikacji okazał się olej rzepakowy. W 42. dniu trwania doświadczenia olej napędowy zmniejszał utlenianie kationu amonowego o 99%, a benzyna o 88%.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2010, 15, 1; 111-118
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Short-Term Forecast of Oxygen Concentration in Nitrification Chamber Using Artificial Neural Network
Autorzy:
Płonka, Lesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
activated sludge process
nitrification chamber
artificial neural networks
osad czynny
komora nitryfikacyjna
sztuczne sieci neuronowe
Opis:
Due to the difficulties in implementing other methods of removing organic compounds and nitrogen from wastewater, municipal wastewater treatment plants use classical processes (nitrification and denitrification) that require large energy expenditure on aeration. The problem of high energy consumption concerns every treatment plant using aerobic activated sludge, hence the constant attempts to introduce possibly intelligent aeration control techniques. In this study, a short-term (hourly) forecast of oxygen concentration in the aeration chamber was calculated under the conditions of changing values of wastewater flow and pollutant concentrations as well as active aeration control according to an unchanging algorithm. Artificial neural networks were used to calculate the forecast. It is shown that an accurate prediction can be obtained by using different sets of input data but depending on what data we choose, the neural network required to obtain a good result has a more or less complex structure. The resulting prediction can be applied as part of a system for detecting abnormal situations and for preventing excessive energy consumption through unnecessary over-oxygenation of activated sludge.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2022, 32, 4; 428--439
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reakcja mikroorganizmów glebowych na Reglone 200 SL
Soil microorganisms response to Reglone 200 SL
Autorzy:
Jezierska-Tys, S.
Frac, M.
Bednarz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/34783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
gleby
aktywnosc enzymatyczna
amonifikacja
nitryfikacja
mikroorganizmy glebowe
Reglone 200 SL
soil
enzyme activity
soil microorganism
ammonification process
nitrification
Reglone 200 SL preparation
Opis:
W doświadczeniu polowym określano zmiany zachodzące w środowisku glebowym pod uprawą dwóch odmian rzepaku ozimego: Casoar i Californium po zastosowaniu preparatu Reglone 200 SL. Gleba należy do czarnych ziem właściwych (WRB-Mollic Gleysols) o pH = 6,1. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zastosowany środek chemiczny Reglone 200SL używany powszechnie w ochronie roślin wraz z upływem czasu naruszał równowagę biologiczną gleby, czego przejawem był spadek liczebności badanych grup drobnoustrojów. Termin analiz miał istotny wpływ na wzrost aktywności urolitycznej gleby oraz na istotny spadek aktywności proteolitycznej. Zastosowany herbicyd nieistotnie modyfikował procesy amonifikacji i nitryfikacji, a użyte w doświadczeniu odmiany rzepaku determinowały różnice w liczebności bakterii o uzdolnieniach proteolitycznych oraz aktywności proteazy.
In a field experiment, changes taking place in the soil environment under cultivation of two winter rape cultivars, Casoar and Californium, after the application of the chemical preparation Reglone 200 SL were determined. The soil belonged to black earths proper (WRBMollic Gleysols) with pH 6,1. Conducted research indicated that the chemical agent Reglone 200SL, extensively used in plant protection, with the passage of time disturbed the biological balance of the soil. As a result, the number of investigated groups of microorganisms was decreasing. Term of analyses caused a significant increase of ureolytic activity of the soil and a significant decrease of proteolytic activity. The herbicide applied only slightly modified the ammonification and nitrification processes, and the rape cultivars used in the experiment determined the differences in the numbers of bacteria with proteolic aptitudes and in protease activity.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2014, 21, 2
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowoczesne techniki i technologie inżynierii środowiska
Novel Methods and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
Autorzy:
Miksch, K.
Cema, G.
Felis, E.
Sochacki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
tlenowe granule
zewnątrzkomórkowe polimery
częściowa nitryfikacja
proces Anammox
zaawansowane procesy utleniania
systemy hybrydowe
oczyszczalnie hydrofitowe
dekoloryzacja barwników
bioremediacja gruntu
mikoryza roślin
techniki biologii molekularne
PCR
FISH
aerobic granules
granule formation
extracellular polymeric substances
partially nitrification
anammox process
advanced oxidation processes
hybrid systems
constructed wetlands
decolorization
synthetic dyes
soil bioremediation
plant mycorrhization
molecular biology techniques
Opis:
The novel technologies used in environmental engineering were discussed in this paper – the formation of aerobic granules, the Anammox process, the advanced oxidation processes, the use of fungi for dyes decolorization, constructed wetlands, the soil phytoremediation supported by rhizosphere microorganisms and the use of molecular biology technique in environmental engineering. The structure of granular sludge is influenced by EPS production. The average diameter and density of biogranules increase due to EPS production. Although polysaccharides are essential, proteins were found to be the predominant component of aerobic granular sludge. Compared to loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) showed more significant correlations with granules formation. This investigation will contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior and composition of EPS in sequencing batch reactors. The traditional nitrification and denitrification processes proceed well with typical municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, there are also nitrogen-rich wastewater streams like landfill leachate or reject waters from dewatering of digested sludge, for which traditional nitrification/denitrification can be generally ineffective due to free ammonia inhibition of nitrification and unfavorable biodegradable carbon content for denitrification. Because of high requirements for oxygen and the necessity for addition of external carbon source, treating such nitrogen-rich streams with nitrification/denitrification would become expensive and unsustainable. The least resources consuming pathway for the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas is a combination of partial nitrification and the Anammox process. The main advantages of this process compared to the conventional nitrification/denitrification are: low sludge production, decrease of the aeration costs by almost 60% (only half of the ammonia is oxidized to nitrite in the nitritation process without further oxidation to nitrate), and no need for external organic carbon source addition (Anammox process). Furthermore, anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium under anoxic conditions with nitrite as the electron acceptor, and converse energy for CO2 fixation. Additionally, the biomass yield of the Anammox process is very low (0.08 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in comparison to 1 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in conventional nitrification/denitrification process) consequently, little sludge is produced. The low sludge production is another factor that contributes to the substantially lower operation costs compared to conventional denitrification systems. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are oxidative methods which are based on the generation of the hydroxyl radicals, which are very reactive and less selective than other oxidants. In the wastewater treatment technology, AOPs can be used in a combination with conventional biological techniques (so called hybrid processes), as pre- and post- treatment processes. The advanced oxidation processes have been used in order to increase the biodegradability and also detoxification of the wastewater. The ability of fungi to degrade lignin-cellulose debris is well known. In addition to these natural molecules they may also degrade synthetic compounds, including synthetic dyes. High effectiveness of Evans blue and brilliant green mixture removal by all tested strains was demonstrated. The process was the most effective and fast in shaken conditions. Finally strain MB removed 90% of tested mixture in shaken samples after 96h. It was the best result reached among all the strains used in the experiment. High removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease of toxicity (from V class to III class in test with D. magna and from IV class even to non-toxic in test with L. minor). The highest decrease of phytotoxicity was noticed in samples with shaken biomass in which the effect of dyes mixture elimination was the best. The research indicates very high potential of tested strains for decolorization and detoxification of dyes mixture. Constructed wetlands are man-made system mimicking the process occurring in natural wetlands. These systems are considered to be an alternative to more technically advanced waste water treatment technologies. The development of constructed wetlands is envisaged to pursue the following directions grouped according to: the type of the waste water to be treated, target contaminants, treatment intensification methods, ancillary benefits and the locality. Mycorrhiza fungi can be used for phytoremediation proccess. They support plant growth by lowering the stress caused by the lack of phosphorus and water. They produce enzymes participating in several stages of xenobiotics decomposition, which is helpful in their further biodegradation performed by the other rhisospherical organisms. The natural colonisation of PAHs contaminated soil is a long-term process. It could be shortend by adding fungal propagules as an inoculum to the soil. Fungi used for the injections should be isolated from PAHs contaminated soil. That guarantees their survival and development in the contaminated environment. The level of PAHs elimination from soil depends on a type of bioremediation modification used. It was shown that the best results are obtained with monocotylous plants combined with bacterial and fungal biopreparations obtained from contaminated soil. The symbiosis of mycorrhiza fungi with monocotylous plants caused ca. 40% increase of 3, 4, 5 and 30% of 6-ring hydrocarbons removal from soil in comparison with the conventional methods. Important aspect of environmental protection and engineering is the possibility for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of complex microbial communities, responsible for biotechnological processes, such as: soil bioremediation, wastewater treatment or composting. Due to the fact that most of the environmental bacteria cannot be grown in the laboratory conditions molecular techniques are widely used in environmental engineering. Among these methods the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based and hybridization-based (such as Fluorescent in situ Hybridization; FISH) techniques are known to be the most useful.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 1; 833-857
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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