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Tytuł:
LUDOWE TRADYCJE W ŻYCIU MIESZKAŃCÓW POZNANIA
FOLK TRADITION IN THE LIFE OF THE INHABITANTS OF POZNAŃ
Autorzy:
Brencz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538777.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
tradycje ludowe
etnologia
Oskar Kolberg
niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe
krajobraz miejski
poznańskie tradycje
ludowe tradycje kulturalne Poznania
poznańska kuchnia
rogale świętomarcińskie
rury-trąby
Jarmark Świętojański
Podkoziołek
ostatki
Opis:
The article is an attempt at demonstrating certain aspects of non-material cultural heritage in the contemporary urban landscape. From the ethnological point of view many non-material elements consist of activity and behaviour, at times of a symbolic nature, which comprise an important component of the cultural heritage. Such elements play an essential part in shaping the landscape by endowing it with a unique atmosphere, characteristic for each town. The author of the presented article used the example of Poznań to seek an answer to questions about the role of traditional folk culture and its particular constituents in the creation of a contemporary urban landscape. In the case of Poznań this function proved to be truly significant. The incoming population from the villages of Greater Poland made its own “invisible” cultural contribution. Some of the elements were rejected in the new environment, while others were preserved owing to their special value. All generated a specific conglomerate of Poznaƒ tradition discernible, i. a. in the evaluation of city space or the features of the local dialect. This impact is particularly visible in the culinary tradition, where one may easily discover echoes of an obligatory and rigorously observed model of “consumer minimalism”. The preserved traditions include those of baking ritual bread (the famous St. Martin crescents). Many cultural phenomena continue to appear in family and annual rites, such as the custom of presenting children with gifts on St. Nicholas day, the figure of the Star Man (Gwiazdor), who brings presents to children on Christmas Eve, or podkoziołek, a name given to the entertainment enjoyed on the last day before Ash Wednesday. The intention of the presented study was to draw attention to the role performed by folk tradition, and to indicate the possibilities of using it in multiple pragmatic undertakings pursued for moulding the cultural landscape of the contemporary town.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2004, 3-4; 141-153
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OBCHODY MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO DNIA OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW
CELEBRATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS DAY
Autorzy:
Gołembnik, Andrzej
Wierzbicka, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Międzynarodowy Dzień Ochrony Zabytków
MDOZ
dziedzictwo niematerialne miast historycznych
prezentacja historii Gdańska
Opis:
The chief organiser of the International Protection of Historical Monuments Day was, in the name of the Ministry of Culture, the National Centre for the Study and Documentation of Historical Monuments, acting with the cooperation of the authorities of the City of Gdańsk, the Gdańsk Historical Museum, and the local Dominican monastery. The celebrations proper, held on 18 April 2004, were preceded by a scientific conference on “The non-material legacy of historical towns”, organised in the Town Hall of the Main Town of Gdańsk, as well as a multimedia show featured in the church of St. Nicholas : “At the sources – or on the origin of Gdańsk and the role of the Dominicans in the history of the town”. Prizes in competitions relating to the protection of historical monuments were presented by Vice-Minister of Culture Ryszard Mikliński in the Arthur Hall in Gdańsk (18 April) to the accompaniment of a concert given by the old music ensemble Capella Gedanesis.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2004, 3-4; 235-239
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
POZAMATERIALNE I NIEOBECNE DZIEDZICTWO KULTURY
THE NON-MATERIAL AND ABSENT CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autorzy:
Barański, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
niematerialne
folklor
dziedzictwo kultury
dziedzictwo pozamaterialne
konwencja UNESCO
Opis:
Heretofore conservation of cultural legacy monuments was concentrated predominantly on the protection of their material stratum. Non-material, extramaterial, and absent legacy was not guaranteed proper attention despite the fact that its co-existence was noticed. Consequently, many monuments and sites became deformed and even deprived of this type of heritage. Upon the threshold of the twenty first century, the ability to define and protect the cultural qualities of the non-material legacy, conceived as tradition, custom, cultural space, as well as extra-material legacy, in which sensitivity to colour, scent, sound, and texture of material is a factor that characterises both the object itself and historical space; it is decisive for the new quality of the protection of cultural legacy. In a wider range, analyses and protection are due to absent heritage, i.e. the sort which had been liquidated as a result of wars or for other reasons. The process of rendering this type of legacy indelible in social consciousness compels us to seek suitable forms of its expression and presentation. A complex approach in the protection of the material and extra-material aspects of cultural legacy will generate a new quality which, presumably, will speak to the contemporary recipient more comprehensively.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 3; 49-56
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WARTOŚCI NIEMATERIALNE ODZIEDZICZONEGO KRAJOBRAZU MIEJSKIEGO. ICH ISTOTA, RODZAJE I METODA ANALIZY
THE NON-MATERIAL QUALITIES OF THE INHERITED URBAN LANDSCAPE THEIR ESSENCE, TYPES AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Autorzy:
Dąbrowska-Budziło, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536050.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
dziedzictwo niematerialne
miasta historyczne
filozofia scholastyczna
krajobraz miasta
rodzaje krajobrazu miejskiego
oddziaływanie krajobrazu
Opis:
The article deals with the non-material qualities contained in the landscape of historical cities. Features of this sort are connected with the concept of contents comprehended as sense, essence, significance and message, i. e. as something which has been deciphered, associated, and experienced upon the basis of the perceived elements. Special emphasis has been placed on immaterial qualities associated with cultural legacy as a whole: existential meanings, archetypes, and the symbolic inspired by intellectual or artistic currents, religion, social and political relations, components decisive for the preservation of identity, the tradition of a given site, and the concept of genius loci. The author demonstrates that non-material qualities are embedded in certain types of the urban landscape – its particular elements and traits. While analysing the past from the point of view of an intentional register of the landscape contents by means of signs and symbols, she defines the assorted sources of such contents as well as the varieties and manners of expression. Much attention has been devoted to the contemporary reception of all sorts of meanings amassed in urban space in the course of past years. The presented reflections evoke a proposal of a method of registering the contents and their ensuing analysis, performed in studies concerned with the urban landscape. This method refers to semiotics, the science of signs, and thus enhances landscape studies by introducing a separate current, which takes into consideration all symptoms of the contents, and accompanies another current referring to the form of the landscape and its substance. The proposed method makes it possible not only to record the content in question, but also to define the non-material quality constituted by it. The purpose of making the reader aware of the existence of such a quality involves both its protection and a process of rendering its carriers more legible.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 1; 69-88
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZAMAN – CZYLI TAKI JAK PRZED WIEKAMI. W ZGODZIE Z ZABYTKAMI
ZAMAN - OR JUST AS CENTURIES AGO. IN HARMONY WITH HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
Autorzy:
Rouba, Malwina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
TAYBET ZAMAN HOTEL (KINGDOM OF JORDAN)
ZAMAN
Zaman
turystyka
Petra
Jordania
Taybet
adaptacja
nowa funkcja
dziedzictwo niematerialne
Opis:
Upon the basis of the Taybet Zaman Hotel in the Kingdom of Jordan the article shows how it is possible to create an exceptional tourist site and salvage a historical monument important for local culture while respecting its substance. The hotel was established in the old centre of a Bedouin village leased from the inhabitants. Its adaptation for a new function was conducted by taking into consideration all the principles of conservation - maximum respect for the original matter, a distinction between the old and the new, the avoidance of glaring contrasts, and the preservation - albeit symbolic, in view of the introduced alterations - of the original residential-trade functions. Hotel Taybet Zaman is the pride and joy not only of its owners but also of the local community - it even contains a royal apartment used by the monarch and his family. The authors managed to create an exceptional site, different from the network hotels built at present. Taybet Zaman - its Arabian name means: 'the village of Taybet, just as centuries ago' - is already the second undertaking of the owners in which they used historical monuments as a base for creating tourist amenities. Skilful revitalisation carried out in accordance with the art of conservation and with consideration for the historical monument guaranteed success, also financial. The example of Taybet Zaman emphasises the importance of the adroit use of the assets of historical monuments in their adaptation to new functions. It also demonstrates how by cultivating local heritage and identity it possible to play a prominent cultural role by enabling monuments to cease being an unwanted and costly burden and to obtain profits from their original character.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 4; 57-66
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
AUTENTYCZNOŚĆ I INTEGRALNOŚĆ ZABYTKÓW
THE AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
Autorzy:
Rouba, Bogumiła J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
CULTURAL HERITAGE - CONTEMPORARY COMPREHENSION
ECONOMY - MONUMENT RELATION
MONUMENT - SOCIETY INTERACTION
autentyczność zabytku
integralność zabytku
dziedzictwo kulturowe
dziedzictwo kultury
konwencja o ochronie dziedzictwa niematerialnego
dziedzictwo niematerialne
wartość zabytku
podmiotowość dziedzictwa
ekonomia
przekształcenia bezinwazyjne
przekształcenia anektujące
przekształcenia pochłaniające
Opis:
The article discusses the contemporary comprehension of the concept of the cultural heritage against a wider background of the heritage of culture. The authoress considered the significance of time and the value of historical monuments assessed according to the classical Riegel systematic as well as contemporary experiences that recommend taking into consideration the dynamics of processes caused by the monuments. The article introduces a static differentiation and the currently indispensable dynamic model of an analysis of the value of monuments, with due consideration for complex monument-society interactions. Special emphasis is placed on the economy - monuments relation, which lately has assumed particular significance. The authoress also discussed questions associated with the concept of authenticity judged along the axis of time and the role of original matter as an information carrier determining the existence of all the other assets of a historical monument. In doing so, she distinguished three types of transformation to which the monuments were subjected in the past and still are today, dividing them into non-invasion, annexation and absorption. The text delves into the consequences of choosing the type of transformation for the retention of the authenticity and integration of the monuments. By embarking upon the question of integrity, the text mentions two categories - technical and aesthetic. Next, the authoress examined the outcome of the latter's violation and the possibility of avoiding its negative effects. Additionally, she drew attention to the fact that monuments comprise irreplaceable resources, and hence unsuitable conditions and undertakings that eliminate contact with the authentic monument also destroy its non-material values. Situations that blur the antiquity of historical monuments by changing them into buildings indistinguishable from their contemporary successors are evidence of nearsightedness. More, they are contrary to economic, conservation and social purposes.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2008, 4; 37-57
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DZIEDZICTWO TECHNIKI JAKO CZĄSTKA KULTURY Część II. W stronę dziedzictwa zrównoważonego
THE HERITAgE Of TECHNOLOgY AS A PARTICLE Of CULTURE Part II. Towards Sustainable Heritage
Autorzy:
Affelt, Waldemar J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
dziedzictwo techniki
dziedzictwo historyczne Europy
tożsamość europejska
zrównoważone zarządzanie dziedzictwem
niematerialne dziedzictwo techniki
dziedzictwo przemysłu
wartościowanie dóbr kultury
wartości dziedzictwa kultury
wartości kulturalne (retrospektywne)
wartości społeczno-ekonomiczne (prospektywne)
korzyści ochrony dziedzictwa techniki
idea zrównoważonego rozwoju
wskaźniki zrównoważenia projektów konserwatorskich
stopień zrównoważenia projektu konserwatorskiego
cele strategiczne Komitetu Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO
Opis:
The article is a continuation of the author’s Dziedzictwo techniki jako cząstka kultury. Część I. W nurcie rozwoju zrównoważonego (The Heritage of Technology as a Particle of Culture. Part I. Within the Sustainable Development Current, ”Ochrona Zabytków”, no. 4/2008, pp. 60-84). Mention is made of the transformation inaugurated in Poland at the beginning of the 1990s and resulting in the emergence of useless post-industrial resources, the liquidation of state agricultural enterprises (PGR) as well as the appearance of vacant buildings due to the restructuralisation of the Armed Forces of the Polish Republic and the Polish State Rail, often encompassing monuments and sites listed in the register of historical monuments. The prime part of the article is a presentation of a monument-related analysis assessing historical monuments of technology, especially the immovable variant, based on a canon of 12 defined values comprising a set of cultural values (social identity, authenticity, integrity, uniqueness, historical and artistic value) pertaining to the past of the given heritage resource, and a collection of socioeconomic values (social usefulness, functional sustainability, economical, educational, aesthetic and political value) expressing contemporary reality as well as anticipating the requirements of future generations. Special attention has been devoted to questions that up to now have been appearing incidentally in the Polish valorisation of technological culture, such as the assorted aspects of social identity, aesthetics and politics. Moreover, the author proposed an additional value of special importance (e.g. the world of creative ingenuity; an illustration of important transformations in the development of technology, industry and engineering; exceptional evidence of technical artisan tradition, existing in present-day or past socioeconomic formations; an outstanding instance of a complex of technical objects or an industrial landscape, illustrating a meaningful stage in local or regional economic history; an essential component of the cultural diversity of a location or a landscape; a special example of the utilisation of natural resources, typical for a given site threatened with irreversible changes), in this way guaranteeing the open character of the proposed methods in contrast to a certain limited arbitrariness of specialist assessments, based on only three values mentioned in the Polish statute on the protection of historical monuments, i.e. historical, artistic and scientific. The article contains numerous interpretation examples from the Polish resources of historical buildings and complexes. The author introduced the concept of the stakeholders of technological heritage and discussed their potential interest in conservation as part of projects for revitalisation, renovation and revalorisation. While doing so, he indicated the crucial factors of impact upon attitudes or views concerning heritage resources, such as the perception of the values of cultural property, pertinent knowledge, a willingness to become acquainted with them or, on the contrary, a dislike of the past and a tendency to ignore its various issues. Mention has been made of fundamental international documents concerning stands in relation to the preservation of the technological heritage. An interpretation of the values of such heritage resources has been referred to the so-called three pillars of sustainable development, adding a fourth one, namely, culture. The author also suggested a list of twenty indicators of the evaluation of a sustainable conservation project. Upon the basis of the strategic targets of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (the so-called ”5Cs” conception) the article ends with the formulation of five postulates for rendering the Polish system of the protection of technological monuments more efficient.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 1; 53-82
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E-dziedzictwo – potencjał cyfryzacji w zakresie zachowania ciągłości przekazu niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
Autorzy:
Góral, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
cyfryzacja, e-dziedzictwo, niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe, zarządzanie dziedzictwem kulturowym
Opis:
E-heritage – the potential of digitization for the continuity of transmission of intan gible cultural heritageFor centuries, the cultural heritage of many generations has not always been appreciated and the access to it was limited. Many cultural goods, especially those intangible ones, were lost forever. Today, we live in an age of digital revolution. Modern IT solutions not only make it possible to preserve the achievements of generations, but also enable their wide dissemination. This is creates an opportunity to save numerous places from oblivion as well as a chance for the virtual reconstruction of historic monuments. It also allows one to preserve written works, photographs, oral history, traditions, or music. These possibilities are more and more often used by museums, which are starting to digitize their collections in order to protect and increase the availability of cultural heritage resources. This phenomenon of ever-increasing presence of museums on the Internet is referred to as cybermuseology. However, in the context of the more and more dynamic development of digital cultural resources and the growing fascination thereof, the question arises as to whether one can use the IC technology to fully present the intangible heritage without losing its cultural content and whether it is possible to retain the traditions, customs, rituals, cultural practices and human experience in a digital form. The following paper will present both opportunities and threats which digitizing carries for the intangible cultural heritage resources. The author’s reflections will be complemented by the analysis of the selected projects concerning the creation of virtual resources of intangible culture in the educational, archiving and promotional aspect.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze; 2012, 13, 1
2084-3976
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konserwacja drewnianych struktur architektonicznych – nowe warunki, potrzeby i perspektywy
Conservation of wooden architectural structures – new conditions, needs and perspectives
Autorzy:
Wieczorek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/217520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
architektura drewniana
budownictwo drewniane
ciesielstwo
badania architektoniczne
materiały konserwatorskie
dziedzictwo niematerialne
wood architecture
wood construction
traditional carpentry
architectural research
conservation materials
intangible heritage
Opis:
W artykule oceniono współczesne techniczne warunki wykonywania prac przy zabytkowych strukturach architektonicznych i przedstawiono możliwe sposoby przeciwdziałania negatywnym zjawiskom obecnym w dotychczasowej praktyce konserwatorskiej. Propozycje zmian elementów dzisiejszych procesów konserwatorskich dotyczą etapu przygotowywania założeń do programów konserwatorskich, wyboru materiałów konserwatorskich i budowlanych oraz narzędzi pracy. Są one odpowiedzią na zmienione warunki korzystania z budulca drewnianego i zwiększoną podaż współczesnych produktów przemysłowych wpływających na wygląd zabytku po konserwacji. Pożądana staje się zmiana sposobu traktowania zabytków drewnianych, które będąc nośnikami wartości historycznych i artystycznych, są także zabytkami techniki i dziełami kultury technicznej o zasługujących na odkrywanie głębokich wartościach naukowych, edukacyjnych i pozamaterialnych.
The paper describes contemporary technical conditions related to conservation of heritage architectural structures. Possible approaches to counteracting negative tendencies in current conservation practice are discussed. Proposed changes relate to the different stages of a conservation programme – from concept development to selection of materials for conservation and building work and selection of tools and equipment. The proposals constitute a response to the way timber is used today and the widespread availability of contemporary massproduced building materials, which impact the appearance of the monument after conservation work is completed. There is a need to change the way heritage wooden buildings are perceived. They are much more than a medium for communicating historical and artistic values. They are also historical artefacts and masterpieces of technical culture, imbued with scientific, educational and intangible heritage values which deserve to be discovered a new.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2013, 36; 29-37
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Migrująca lokalność”. Niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe wobec kulturowej zmiany. Etnologiczne pytania o materię badawczą
“Migratory localness” and intangible cultural heritage. Ethnological questions concerning the research matter
Autorzy:
Berendt, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
lokalność
kulturowa zmiana
dziedzictwo niematerialne
Opis:
The ratification by Poland in 2011 of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage means that the Polish state undertakes to carry out actions which will help implement the recommendations in the Convention and lead to the establishment of inventories of phenomena in need of special protection, dissemination and appreciation. The idea of the Convention is to make the relevant communities sensitive to the value of their own culture, its uniqueness. But its message also clearly entails the thought of possible loss of precious, perhaps the most precious values of tradition and of the implications of such situations; including the disturbances of the cultural identity. Torn for a variety of causes out of their familiar physical and mental territory, especially due to wars and resulting cultural violence, migrant communities live with this consciousness. Their experiences are a model example of a social and cultural system thrown off relative balance developed through years of rootedness. How do they find their place in a new reality and to what extent does their intangible heritage contribute to those processes or, to the opposite, to what extent does it hamper them? May the recommendations of the Convention become an insurance policy also for them, a guarantee which would ensure the possibility to maintain specific aspects of self-consciousness, cultural continuity, or will the recommendations remain dead letter for them due to changes imposed by the constant confrontation with other cultural patterns. What are the chances that those “managers” of the Convention implementation process in the Polish reality will notice and appreciate the specific nature of cultural processes which take place in the territories incorporated into Poland after World War II? The unique but undergoing continuous processing heritage of displaced Polish communities but also of other ethnic and national groups, returnees and political refugees? Will they not reject as objectionable the phenomena of continuation in a variety of forms by those communities of the heritage of other communities which under the pressure of history left their territories? Even if they do not receive an unequivocal answer at first, such questions should be posed because they absorb numerous local communities as well as observers and researchers who study their tradition.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 19-30
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doświadczenie inwazji tatarskich w narracjach ludowych i pamięci zbiorowej jako niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe Polski południowo-wschodniej
Experience of Tatar invasions in narrations and collective memory as intangible cultural heritage of south-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Gliwa, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
pamięć zbiorowa
inwazje tatarskie
Polska południowo-wschodnia
niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe
Opis:
The present area of the south-eastern Poland (Podkarpackie Voivodeship) belonged to these parts of the Kingdom of Poland, and from 1569 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which for several centuries, from late Middle Ages to the end of the 17th century, were affected by extremely destructive Tatar invasions. For several centuries Tatar military expeditions to the Polish and Lithuanian territories that aimed at robbing and terrorising local population were an excellent tool used by the Crimean Khanate, and also periodically by the rulers of the Ottoman Empire who employed subordinate Nogai tribes, for forcing the kings of Poland to pass special fees and levies, which was guaranteed in Polish-Ottoman and Polish-Tatar peace treaties. These fees, referred to as “gifts”, were a relic of the Mongol and Tatar supremacy over Ruthenian territories in the times of the Golden Horde. A long-term threat of rapacious invasions of the Tatars from Crimea and Budjak and their catastrophic economic and demographic effects were not the only consequences of the military activity of Tatar hordes on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This multi-dimensional and periodically very intensive impact of Tatar cavalry raids must have caused the formation of a specific cultural discourse and collective memory reproduction processes in communities that were threatened existentially, exploited economically and drained demographically. The strength and remarkable durability of the collective memory of Tatar attacks is primarily a result of such factors as distance and strangeness of aggressors in terms of civilization, culture and religion, but the specific character of the activities carried out by the Tatars was an even more important factor that generated collective memory of the attacked community. A characteristic feature of Tatar operations was the application of asymmetric warfare consisting in concentration of operational efforts in the civil sphere, which was reflected mostly in conducting expropriating operations and taking the defenceless people, mainly from rural areas, into captivity. Collective memory related to the historical phenomenon of Tatar invasions has been preserved in legends, songs, sayings, folk proverbs and beliefs transmitted from generation to generation in local communities (oral history) and in specific elements of religious ceremonies. A characteristic feature of these traditional records, despite their quite considerable diversity in form and content, was the presence of the idea of providentialism, a belief in particular care of God over the Commonwealth and the communities of the faithful that were threatened by the attacks of hostile forces. The above-mentioned historiosophical vision was not only popular among the nobility and bourgeoisie, but also among the broad group of the peasant population, and slightly later penetrated into their awareness by means of the parishes of the Catholic as well as the Orthodox, and later the United Church. The narrative structures of the legends frequently contain motives of wonderful divine interventions, often associated with the devotion to the Virgin Mary and supernatural meteorological phenomena that saved lives and freedom of people and brought salvation for cities and villages threatened with destruction. There are also many legends with moral and educational content, which refer to the figures of renegades who, during Tatar attacks, betrayed and shared their knowledge with hostile troops for various reasons. From the social point of view, an important role of legends and folk stories related to Tatars was their therapeutic and compensating role as well as an inscription of Tatar threats into the existing system of terms and values. It should be emphasized that collective memory of the Tatar attacks was strengthened, consolidated and reproduced also due to the symbolism present in iconography of sacral buildings and in the local cultural landscape in the form of roadside shrines, crosses and mounds. The product of synergistic connection of influences of intangible and tangible memory carriers, which interconnect by using a dialectically complicated intergenerational communication network, was a creation of collective memory, consolidated by means of official historical and religious discourses that constitute its social frame. Durability as well as catastrophic economic and demographic effects of Tatar invasions caused the situation where the contacts between the peasant population of the Commonwealth and the warriors from Crimea and Budjak became a border experience and foundational trauma that affected the formation of identity of local communities as a confrontation of different values and lifestyles originating from different civilization and cultural circles. For this reason the centuries of nomad invasions, which were in fact a dramatic, intercultural conflict and “the clash of civilizations”, may be defined – following the concept of Pierre Nora – as one of the central and symbolic “places of memory” (lieu de mémoire), having a multi-dimensional impact on the Polish culture.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 53-73
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konwencja UNESCO w sprawie ochrony niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego: archeologia pojęć
Convention on Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage: an archaeology of notions
Autorzy:
Klekot, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
konwencje UNESCO
ochrona dziedzictwa
zabytek
dziedzictwo niematerialne
kultura ludowa
Opis:
The Convention on Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage arises from the need of including in the discourse on heritage the non–western ways of living the past. We could say that if the Convention from 1972 was aimed at realizing the UNESCO political agenda on the ground of the Western modern utopian project of universalism, the Convention of 2003 puts in motion the post-modern utopia of relativism, yet without renouncing the modern tools with which to realize it. According to the 2003 Convention, it is the multiplicity of value systems, and the heritage as their expressions put in the inventory, that become the assets of humanity construed as a community (UNESCO’s political objective). The multicultural character of heritage affirmed in the Convention from 2003 has an emancipatory meaning: the subaltern, peripheral value systems are given, at least in theory, the same position as the so far dominating value system of the colonizers. In a decentralized world Europe becomes a province in the same way as the rest of the world, and the Indian, Japanese or Australian perspective is equally valid as the European of American. However, the Convention on Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage, which is supposed to enhance the status of phenomena not included in the 1972 Convention, located outside the authorized heritage discourse, requires different safeguarding strategies. First, as it is a human activity that gets protection, and not at all, or to the less extend the material result of this activity, what is not valid here is the safeguarding by conservation, which is the basic strategy in the case of the objects inscribed in the World Heritage List. The crucial strategy in safeguarding of intangible heritage is education which includes the skills and rules into intergenerational transmission. The institutions and persons involved in safeguarding of intangible heritage are first and foremost required to provide suitable conditions for the future development of a cultural practice declared heritage. What is safeguarded are the living cultural traditions, and not their historical reconstructions. The safeguarding based on education can also result in broadening the group of depositaries of a practice which will become being practiced outside of its community of origin. On the other hand, a living practice will evolve and change, and of crucial importance is then the continuity of traditional system of intergenerational transmission. The article addresses several questions related to implementation of the 2003 Convention in Polish cultural context. Some heritage–related notions involved in discursive practices within the field of humanities and social sciences in Polish academic tradition are discussed, and history–related production of hierarchies within the field in Polish academia pointed at in the context of the heritage of local subalterns (peasants) and minorities. The social impact of these practices is exposed, as they have influenced both the translation of international documents and their reception, as well as the safeguarding practices. The local developments are contextualized within the international conservation and heritage studies discourse.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 31-40
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe w świetle ochrony i promowania różnorodności form wyrazu kulturowego
Intangible cultural heritage in the light of protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions
Autorzy:
Ratajski, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
UNESCO
niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe
Konwencja w sprawie ochrony niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego z 2003 roku
Konwencja w sprawie ochrony i promowania różnorodności form wyrazu kulturowego z 2005 roku
Konwencja w sprawie ochrony dziedzictwa kulturalnego i naturalnego z 1972 roku
Program UNESCO Pamięć Świata
społeczność lokalna
tożsamość
dziedzictwo materialne
zrównoważony rozwój
kultura
dialog pokoju
dialog kultur
różnorodność wyrazu kulturowego
lista reprezentatywna niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego ludzkości
lista światowego dziedzictwa
polityka kulturalna
polityka rozwojowa
kultura narodowa
kultura lokalna
dobra kultury
przemysły kultury
Milenijne Cele Rozwoju ONZ
prawa człowieka
Opis:
The article refers to two UNESCO conventions adopted by Poland in recent years: The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003 and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions of 2005. On one hand, comparing the content of these documents allows better understanding of the keynote of the concept of safeguarding intangible national heritage applied by UNESCO, and, on the other hand, this guiding principle shows the long distance covered while shaping the vision of cultural heritage over forty years from the establishment of the Convention on Safeguarding the Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. To complete the picture, UNESCO’s “Memory of the World” Programme of 1992, concerning safeguarding the documentary heritage, including the digital heritage, must be mentioned. These documents capture the diverse landscape of human cultural heritage, being complementary to each other. They are permeated by the principles of the protection and promotion of the heritage to varying degrees: equality, diversity, equivalency, share in the sustainable development, importance of an individual creator, and also an important role of the local community in this process. They indicate the evolution of the development conditions based on the cultural awareness, sense of identity, formed in the process of gradual identification of one’s own tangible and intangible heritage. They emphasize the possibility of a significant participation of culture in development. The Preamble to the Convention from 2005 contains provisions which formulate principles in a clear way, and also shed light on understanding other UNESCO conventions and programmes, especially on the particularly important Convention from 2003. The principle of non-evaluation, which applies to making new entries on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, so difficult to understand in the light of the experience related to the application of the criteria for making new entries on the World Heritage List, in accordance with the Convention on Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage from 1972, gains importance in the perspective of “cultural diversity forming a common heritage of humanity” and being “a mainspring for sustainable development for communities, peoples and nations”. The Convention emphasizes the importance of culture for social cohesion; developmental role of exchanges and interactions between cultures based on freedom of thought, expression and information, as well as diversity of media; the importance of linguistic diversity; the importance of vitality of cultures, including for persons who belong to minorities and indigenous people, as “manifested in their freedom to create, disseminate and distribute their traditional, cultural expressions and to have access thereto, so as to benefit them for their own development”. These statements give special meaning to the main thoughts of the Convention of 2003, which indicates the fundamental importance of the local community and individual carriers in ensuring vitality of the intangible heritage as a basic condition for its protection. Hence the differences in determination of goods added to the lists established on the basis of the Convention of 1972 and of 2003. In the first case, the dominating principle is the principle of selection of the most outstanding works in a given field, based on the methodology determined by specialists using the criteria of European historical and aesthetic tradition. In the case of the Convention of 2003, there was a clear evolution towards the recognition of the values of cultural phenomena rooted in the local context, proving, first of all, the diversity and authenticity of these phenomena, with their significance in creating the culture for the local community and as a manifestation of their identity, and, with the use of tools for the protection of these phenomena/ elements, may participate in the dialogue of cultures on the national and global scale. The process of the implementation of the Convention gives a huge chance to prepare a methodology consistent with the assumptions of the Convention of 2003, by means of activities that aim at creating the national register of the intangible heritage, and thus recognize, disseminate and maintain the richness of intangible culture in Poland which, as a result of a well conducted cultural policy consistent with the principles of the Convention of 2005, should be present in the developmental processes of our country in a creative manner.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 5-18
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe wsi podlaskiej – współczesny stan zachowania oraz główne problemy jego ochrony
Intangible cultural heritage of rural areas of Podlasie – current state of preservation and main problems of its protection
Autorzy:
Gaweł, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Podlasie
dziedzictwo niematerialne
gwary
obrzędy i zwyczaje
ludowe rzemiosła
plecionkarstwo
tkactwo
garncarstwo
ludowe lecznictwo
Opis:
The article discusses the current state of preservation of the intangible cultural heritage in the rural areas of Podlasie and the most important problems related to its protection. It has been assumed that Podlasie covers the area of the present Podlaskie Voivodeship, excluding its western part that belongs to Kurpie. At the beginning the article outlines the settlement processes that led to the current cultural diversity of the inhabitants of this region. The Podlaskie Voivodeship is the most ethnically and religiously diverse area in Poland. It is inhabited by national minorities: Belarusian, Lithuanian and Ukrainian, as well as an ethnic minority – the Tatars. Ethnic and national divisions are accompanied by a religious division, because apart from the Catholics, Podlasie is inhabited by many followers of the Orthodox Church. One of the effects of this ethnic and national diversity is the presence of East Slavic dialects with local varieties. These distinctions are reflected, among others, in the toponymy. Linguistic diversity is visible in the oral folklore, especially in ritual songs, including Konopielki, which are sung in the Podlasie region on Easter and are particularly interesting. Oral folklore includes also legends that nowadays rapidly disappear as a result of the lack of intergenerational transfer. Coexistence of two Christian denominations in Podlasie results in wealth of customs, ceremonies and beliefs related to the annual cycle of feasts. The article presents three selected annual customs and ceremonies worth protecting by being listed in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List: playing the ligawka, a large trumpet-like musical instrument, in Advent in Ciechanowiec, celebrations of the last days of carnival, called zapusty, in Radziłów, and a tradition of prayers with wax votives in Krypno. Undoubtedly, one of the most important issues of protection of intangible heritage in the Podlasie region is the problem of transferring knowledge and skills associated with traditional crafts. Basketwork, pottery and weaving deserve particular attention among them. The article mentions also the problem of folk medicine in the context of the activity of the healers who are called szeptuchy in Podlasie. In the summary there have been listed the most important problems of protection of the intangible heritage in Podlasie.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 41-51
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O muzeum, fondue i ekspedycjach polarnych, czyli szwajcarskie zmagania z dziedzictwem
Autorzy:
Zych, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe, muzeologia, muzeum etnograficzne
Opis:
On Museum, Fondue and Polar Expeditions: Struggling with Swiss Cultural Heritage In Switzerland where the UNESCO convention was adopted in 2008, the term “intangible heritage” was replaced by the term “living tradition.” The list of Swiss “living traditions”  counted 167 items. Among the selected traditions were not only the  national cheese dish, i.e. fondue, but also famous motorbike fan gatherings in the town of Hauenstein near Solothurn, and many more. This list of traditional items was designed during a science project called “Intangible Cultural Heritage: the Midas Touch?”. In response, in 2013, the Ethnography Museum in Neuchatel took for the subject of its exhibition entitled “Hors-Champs” everything that usually stays beyond such  classifications, and also the need of doing such a classification itself. The idea that underlies this  exhibition is that defining heritage is a process that in fact freezes it, and freezes the living culture. This paper gives a look on Swiss thoughts on heritage, a look that is based on the Neuchatel exhibition and on the interview with its authors that was conducted during the museological research in 2013.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze; 2014, 15, 1
2084-3976
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie w Kulturze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 91

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