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Tytuł:
Niche Hypergraphs
Autorzy:
Garske, Christian
Sonntag, Martin
Teichert, Hanns-Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
niche hypergraph
niche number
Opis:
If D = (V,A) is a digraph, its niche hypergraph Nℋ(D) = (V, ℰ) has the edge set ℰ = {ℯ ⊆ V | |e| ≥ 2 ∧ ∃ v ∈ V : e = ND-(v) ∨ ℯ = ND+(v)}. Niche hypergraphs generalize the well-known niche graphs (see [11]) and are closely related to competition hypergraphs (see [40]) as well as double competition hypergraphs (see [33]). We present several properties of niche hypergraphs of acyclic digraphs.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2016, 36, 4; 819-832
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The attitude of Polish consumers to organic food
Autorzy:
Wojciechowska-Solis, Julia
Soroka, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584221.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
organic food
consumption
niche market
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the requirements for organic food expected by Polish consumers. A method of diagnostic survey was used in the study with the author’s research tool in the form of a survey questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1102 respondents. The Statistica 10.1 PL program was used for statistical analysis, including the analysis of discriminant function. The production of organic food should take place naturally without harmful substances. In Poland, the organic production has the potential to produce high protein and micronutrient products as well as of a reduced toxin contamination. The main places to purchase organic food were discount stores and those specializing in selling organic food as well as organic farms. It was emphasized that the respondents placed great importance on the accreditation of the product certification body on food packaging as well as on labeling these products as produced in ecological conditions. Currently the organic food market is considered to be a niche, but its importance is steadily increasing.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 475; 380-389
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morphology and Ecology in Tintinnid Ciliates of the Marine Plankton: Correlates of Lorica Dimensions
Autorzy:
Dolan, John R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763784.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
Ciliophora, allometry, niche, morphospecies, biodiversity, zooplankton
Opis:
Tintinnid ciliates, characterized by the possession of a lorica into which the ciliate cell can contract, are a common component of the marine microzooplankton. Lorica architecture and size range widely and classically distinguishes species. Here relationships between ecological parameters and lorica dimensions (lorica oral diameter (LOD), lorica length (LL) and lorica volume (LV) are examined using data from literature reports. The relationships between lorica dimensions and reproductive potential, using maximum reported growth rates of natural populations (n = 52 species) are assessed. Susceptibility to copepod predation and lorica dimensions are considered based on reports of clearance rates of Acartia species feeding on tintinnid ciliates (n = 7 species). Diet and lorica dimension is analyzed using data on mean maximum food size contained in field-caught cells (n = 20 species), and preferred food size based on prey size associated with maximal reported clearance rates (n = 15 species). Overall, LOD is closely related to most of the ecological parameters. Maximum growth rate is related to LOD with smaller LODs corresponding to higher growth rates, in contrast to LL and LV. Maximum prey size is positively related to both LOD and LL but more tightly with LOD. Preferred prey size is positively related to LOD and LV but more tightly related to LOD. Clearance rates of Acartia species feeding on tintinnids are significantly related only to LOD with small LODs corresponding to lower copepod feeding rates. Relationships excluding data on species of Tintinnopsis, the species-rich genus which generally dominates coastal communities, are also examined and show similar trends. In tintinnids, LOD, known to be a conservative and relatively reliable species characteristic, appears related to a wide range of ecological characteristics.
Źródło:
Acta Protozoologica; 2010, 49, 3
1689-0027
Pojawia się w:
Acta Protozoologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can ecological niches of unionids be defined?
Autorzy:
Cmiel, A.
Lipinska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/83719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Tematy:
ecological niche
unionid
freshwater bivalve
bivalve
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 2016, 24, 1
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mała firma niszowa – próba zdefiniowania
Small niche company – an attempt to define
Autorzy:
Barczak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
niche company
family business
market
market niche
competing
firma niszowa
firma rodzinna
rynek
nisza rynkowa
konkurowanie
Opis:
The main purpose of this article is to point out – on the basis of literature analysis and Au-thor’s own research results – the rationale for selecting strategies of a market niche and implementing niche marketing by small companies, often of a family nature, as well as to discuss the main criteria used to identify the category of a “niche company”. According to the Author, the concentration in a niche is an attractive course of action for small compa-nies and a manner of competition. The following arguments support the above: obtaining a higher return on sales, protection against global competitors selling cheaply and in masses, closer contact with customers and a long-term development of companies. This way they can avoid excessive risk, and thus reduce the risk of incurring losses.
Głównym celem artykułu jest wskazanie – na podstawie analizy literatury oraz wyników badań własnych autora – przesłanek wyboru strategii niszy rynkowej oraz implementacji marketingu niszowego przez małe firmy, często o charakterze rodzinnym, a także omówienie podstawowych kryteriów wykorzystywanych w celu wyodrębnienia kategorii „firma niszowa”. Zdaniem autora, koncentracja w niszy jest atrakcyjnym sposobem działania dla małych firm i sposobem konkurowania. Przemawiają za tym następujące argumenty: uzyskiwanie wyższej rentowności sprzedaży, ochrona przed globalnymi konkurentami sprzedającymi tanio i masowo, bliższy kontakt z klientami oraz długoterminowy rozwój firm. Dzięki temu unikają one nadmiernego ryzyka, a tym samym ograniczają zagrożenie ponoszenia strat.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie; 2018, 47, 2; 21-27
1896-656X
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The niche graphs of interval orders
Autorzy:
Park, Jeongmi
Sano, Yoshio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30148237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-05-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
competition graph
niche graph
semiorder
interval order
Opis:
The niche graph of a digraph $D$ is the (simple undirected) graph which has the same vertex set as $D$ and has an edge between two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ if and only if $N_D^+(x) ∩ N_D^+(y) ≠ ∅ or N_D^−(x) ∩ N_D^−(y) ≠ ∅$, where $N_D^+(x)$ (resp. $N_D^−(x)$) is the set of out-neighbors (resp. in-neighbors) of $x$ in $D$. A digraph $D = (V,A)$ is called a semiorder (or a unit interval order) if there exist a real-valued function $f : V → \mathbb{R}$ on the set $V$ and a positive real number $δ ∈ \mathbb{R}$ such that $(x, y) ∈ A$ if and only if $f(x) > f(y)+δ$. A digraph $D = (V,A)$ is called an interval order if there exists an assignment $J$ of a closed real interval $J(x) ⊂ \mathbb{R}$ to each vertex $x ∈ V$ such that $(x, y) ∈ A$ if and only if $min J(x) > max J(y)$. Kim and Roberts characterized the competition graphs of semiorders and interval orders in 2002, and Sano characterized the competition-common enemy graphs of semiorders and interval orders in 2010. In this note, we give characterizations of the niche graphs of semiorders and interval orders
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2014, 34, 2; 353-359
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niche Hypergraphs of Products of Digraphs
Autorzy:
Sonntag, Martin
Teichert, Hanns-Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32083765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
niche hypergraph
product of digraphs
competition hypergraph
Opis:
If $ D = (V, A) $ is a digraph, its niche hypergraph \( N \mathcal{H} (D) = (V, \mathcal{E} ) \) has the edge set \( \mathcal{E} = \{ e \subseteq V \ | \ |e| \le 2 \land \exists υ \in V : e = N_D^− (υ) \lor e=N_D^+ (υ) \} \). Niche hypergraphs generalize the well-known niche graphs and are closely related to competition hypergraphs as well as common enemy hypergraphs. For several products \( D_1 \circ D_2 \) of digraphs \( D_1 \) and \( D_2 \), we investigate the relations between the niche hypergraphs of the factors \( D_1 \), \( D_2 \) and the niche hypergraph of their product \( D_1 \circ D_2 \).
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2020, 40, 1; 279-295
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niszowe wybory kobiet wkraczających w ekonomię społeczną
Autorzy:
Ryłko, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2107031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
labour market niche
market niche
women in social economy
kobiety w sektorze ekonomii społecznej
nisza rynkowa
nisza rynku pracy
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest określenie motywacji i planów zawodowych małopolskich kobiet wkraczających w obszar ekonomii społecznej, w warunkach współczesnych przemian gospodarczych i społecznych w Polsce. Podstawowe pytanie badawcze skupiało się na tym, czego kobiety wkraczające w ekonomię społeczną poszukują dla swego rozwoju zawodowego oraz jaką własną ofertę planują w sektorze ekonomii społecznej utworzyć. Przeprowadzono badania jakościowe kobiet, które zakładały organizacje pozarządowe lub działały na rzecz społeczności lokalnych w ramach wsparcia z programu Ośrodka Wsparcia Ekonomii Społecznej w Krakowie. Wywiady pogłębione przeprowadzono na próbie 25 kobiet z terenu Krakowa. Zbadane kobiety znalazły pracę na szczególnych, nietypowych stanowiskach. Działając w sektorze ekonomii społecznej, mają wyjątkową odpowiedź na potrzeby swoich odbiorców oraz potrzeby własne. Tworzą dla siebie niszowe miejsca pracy, a jednocześnie tworzą niszową ofertę dla swoich odbiorców, którymi najczęściej są lokalne społeczności.
The aim of the article is to determine the motivations and professional plans of women from Małopolska who enter the field of social economy in the conditions of contemporary economic and social changes in Poland. The basic research question focused on what are the women entering the social economy looking for according to their professional development and on their own offer that they plan to create in social economy. Qualitative research was carried out on women who set up NGOs or act for the benefit of local communities as part of the support program of the Social Economy Support Center in Krakow. In-depth interviews were conducted on a sample of 25 women from Krakow. The respondents find work in special, atypical positions. By acting in the social economy, they create a unique response to the needs of their recipients and their individual needs. They create niche jobs for themselves, and at the same time create a niche offer for their recipients, which are most often local communities.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2020, 16, 1; 381-387
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxus baccata in Morocco: a tree in regression in its southern extreme
Autorzy:
Romo, Angel
Iszkuło, Grzegorz
Taleb, Mohammed Seghir
Walas, Łukasz
Boratyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
dakhs
ecology
forestry
phytogeography
plant conservation
niche modelling
Opis:
The knowledge on chorology of species is basic for biogeographic and ecological studies and for conservation actions. The data on the chorology of Taxus baccata in Morocco have not been studied. The bibliographic resources, herbarium material, unpublished data of several botanists and the authors’ field notes have been reviewed. Two yew populations on Jbel Lakrâa in the Rif and near Bekrit in the Middle Atlas were measured to verify demographic structure and health conditions. The Maxent model of predicted habitat based on bioclimatic variables was used to evaluate the potential geographic range of T. baccata. The species occurs in the mountain areas of northern Morocco: in the Rif, the Middle and High Atlas, at altitudes between (500) 1200 and 2000 (2350) m. In the High Atlas, it reaches its southernmost locations within the geographic range. The populations represented by the highest number of individuals are found in the Western Rif and Middle Atlas, while from the High Atlas only single, isolated individuals are known. The yew occurred preferably in forests of Cedrus atlantica, Abies maroccana, groves of Betula fontqueri, Ilex aquifolium and Prunus lusitanica and in riparian forests located in narrow gorges. Seedlings were observed only at single localities. The population of T. baccata in the Rif presented a good health condition with successful regeneration, while the population in the Middle Atlas was in a much worse state, where only 4–8 m high yews were observed, without natural regeneration. The Maxent model of predicted habitat, based on bioclimatic variables, suggests that T. baccata could occur today in much broader mountainous areas in Morocco, especially in the Rif and Middle Atlas. However, the progressive decline of this species in Morocco indicates the significant importance of other factors on yew distribution, including microsite conditions and human pressure. Taxus baccata in Morocco is in regression at most of its localities and should be treated as a vulnerable species. Measures to ensure the yew’s conservation are needed, especially at its southernmost localities in the High Atlas.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2017, 78; 63-74
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LGBTQ+ Representation in Fictional Podcast Series
Autorzy:
Ferreyra, Emilia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
Tematy:
LGBTQ
representation
podcasts
new media
niche audience
patronage
Opis:
The article offers an analysis of the frequency and quality of LGBTQ+ representation in fictional podcasts. I examine how frequently and with what intent LGBTQ+ characters are included in this medium. This research aims to fill the gap in academic work on LGBTQ+ representation in podcasts. Though scholars note an increase in representation in mainstream media, LGBTQ+ media consumers, especially young people, still look to other sources for validation of their identities. Many LGBTQ+ people look to fictional podcasts as a source of quality representation, especially because podcasts are small-scale and rely on the funding, and thus the opinion, of listeners (Bottomley, 2015). In this paper, I analyze four fictional podcast series for LGBTQ+ inclusivity. I note how many LGBTQ+ characters are included and in what proportion. I assess the quality of representation in four ways: diversity, depth, and the frequency and type of stereotypical LGBTQ+ tropes. My findings show a high frequency of LGBTQ+ characters and diversity of personalities and backgrounds, opportunities for these characters to express their sexual and/or gender identities as well as LGBTQ+ trope subversions. Thus, we see that fictional podcasts, as a medium that sustains itself by listeners’ patronage, present stories that their audience can relate to. As a result, fictional podcasts create more niche stories that make connections with smaller demographics of media consumers.
Źródło:
Literatura Ludowa; 2022, 66, 2; 13-27
2544-2872
0024-4708
Pojawia się w:
Literatura Ludowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of epicotyl emergence of Quercus robur from different climatic regions is strongly driven by post-germination temperature and humidity conditions
Autorzy:
Jastrzebowski, S.
Ukalska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
epicotyl dormancy
Richards models
growth models
acorns
ecological niche
Opis:
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is an important component of temperate forests in the north- ern hemisphere. It occurs naturally across Europe and in parts of North Africa, the Balkans, the Urals and the Caucasus. In Poland, it predominantly grows on the plains at ≤700 m a.s.l. The main objective of this study was to determine how different temperature-humidity growth conditions influence dormancy breakage and epicotyl emergence in Q. robur, using growth curve models. We also in- vestigated whether these differences result from changes in the climatic conditions under which the oak populations grow naturally. In this study, we selected four pedunculate oak stands in western and eastern Poland. These sites were char- acterised by oceanic and continental climates, respectively. Mature acorns were collected in the autumn of 2016 and pretreated for two weeks in the cold (4 °C). The acorns were then sown in plastic pots filled with a peat/sand substrate. Four climatic variants (cold-dry, cold-wet, warm-dry and warm-wet) and a control (average conditions) were used. Epicotyl emergence was monitored daily for 74 days. Epicotyl emergence dynamics (maximum absolute growth rate, lag time, T50), number of days to epicotyl emergence, and cu- mulative epicotyl emergence were measured or calculated. The acorns from oceanic climates required more intense warm humid conditions for epicotyl emergence than those from continental climates. In contrast, acorns from continental climates had an evolutionary advantage in that their epicotyl emergence occurred both in cold-dry and warm-wet seasons. This indicated that each population was adapted to its local environment.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2019, 81; 73-85
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Innovation and New Path Creation: The Role of Niche Environments in the Development of the Wind Power Industry in Germany and the UK
Autorzy:
Carpenter, Juliet
Simme, James
Conti, Elisa
Povinelli, Fabiana
Kipshagen, Joschka Milan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
innovation
new path creation
wind energy
niche environments
Germany
UK.
Opis:
This paper seeks to explore the issues of innovation and new path creation in the UK and Germany, illustrated through the case of the modern wind power industry. Taking an evolutionary perspective drawing on path dependence theory, the paper examines the role of niche environments in the creation of new economic pathways. The research finds that new economic pathways are more likely to develop in places where niche conditions provide receptive environments for innovations to flourish. The policy implications of the research include the importance of supporting niche environments that encourage growth in new sectors and the need for financial support to bring innovations to market, to encourage the development of new economic pathways.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2012, 19, 2
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of Favorable Habitats for Non-Gregarious Locust Pests in North Kazakhstan Based on Satellite Data for Preventive Measures
Autorzy:
Baibussenov, Kurmet
Bekbayeva, Aigul
Azhbenov, Valery
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
non-gregarious locust
distribution
phytosanitary forecasting
ecological niche
North Kazakhstan
Opis:
The paper considers the approaches and possibilities of using two types of simulation: the species distribution model and the ecological niche model. The study aimed to simulate favorable habitats and the potential spread of non-gregarious locust pests in North Kazakhstan based on satellite and ground data for preventive measures. The MaxEnt software was used to conduct the simulation. According to the species distribution model, high indicators of the habitat are predicted in the Pavlodar and Kostanay regions, on 69.9–100% of the studied territory. With the simulation of ecological niches for non-gregarious locust pests, the following class boundaries were determined for the transition from quantitative to qualitative indicators from I (85–100%) to IV (0–50%), which indicates the zones of the probability of pest attack from a higher indicator to a lower one. According to the fundamental model, high indicators of the area of pest occurrence, that is, zones I and II, are located in the central and northern parts of the Pavlodar region. Here, the probability of non-gregarious locust occurrence of zone I and II with a ratio of 1:1 is observed in a slightly arid, moderately warm agro-climatic zone. In the southern part of the Kostanay region, the simulation predicts the probability of occurrence on zones I and II with a ratio of 1:2 in the moderately arid warm agro-climatic zone of this region. In the southern and southeastern parts of the Akmola region, the model predicts the probability of occurrence in zones I and II with a ratio of 1:3 in a slightly humid, moderately warm agro-climatic zone of the region. The considered species distribution model can be used as a modern tool for long-term forecasting of the spread of non-gregarious locust pests since it takes into account the peculiarities of the agricultural landscape. The fundamental niche model can be used in a long-term population forecast since it focuses more on the theoretical conditions of pest habitats.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 7; 299--311
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The soil aggregate structure as a marker of the ecological niche of the micromollusc Vallonia pulchel
Autorzy:
Umerova, Ava
Zhukov, Olexander
Yorkina, Nadezhda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
ecological niche
geostatic analysis
habitat
Matérn model
phytoindication
soil mechanical impedance
Opis:
The article discusses the role of the soil aggregate structure in quantifying the marginality and specialisation axes of the ecological niche of the micromollusc Vallonia pulchella (Muller 1774) that inhabits technosols. The experimental polygon consisted of 105 samples located within 7 transects (15 samples each). The distance between rows of sampling points was 3 m. The average density of V. pulchella was 1393 ind.∙m-2. The soil aggregate fraction of 1–5 mm was found to be predominant within the technosol. The spatial variation of aggregate fractions was characterised by a moderate level of the spatial dependence. It was impossible to choose an adequate covariance model from among the traditional ones to interpolate the spatial variation of aggregate fractions, and only the Matérn model was best suited. The axis of marginality and specialisation of the V. pulchella ecological niche projected in soil aggregate fractions was significantly different from a random alternative. The ecological niche of the V. pulchella was presented by integral variables, such as the axis of marginality and specialisation, which were the basis to build a map of the spatial variation of the habitat suitability index. The marginality of the V. pulchella ecological niche correlates with soil penetration resistance indicators at depths ranging from 0–5 to 20–25 cm, soil humidity, acidity, and aeration. The specialisation correlates with the soil mechanical impedance at 25–35 cm, nitrogen content, and the soil acidity regime.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 52; 66--74
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Species Want to Evolve?
Autorzy:
Turner, J. Scott
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
Tematy:
Darwinism
teleonomy
purposefulness
homeostasis
cognition
evolution
hereditary memory
niche construction theory
Opis:
Darwinism, in all its various forms, seeks to explain evolution without the intervention of intelligence, purposefulness or in tentionality: in short, via the abolition of purpose. Yet life is arguably a profoundly purposeful phenomenon, most evident in the phenomenon of adaptation. Modern Darwinism fails because it has no coherent theory of adaptation, and hence no coherent theory of life. Without this, it cannot claim to be a coherent theory of evolution. Here, I argue that a coherent theory of evolution will arrive when the inherent purposefulness of life can be reincorporated into our evolutionary thinking. Life's fundamental property of homeostasis, coupled with the expanding conception of hereditary memory emerging from epigenetics and niche construction theory, can credibly restore purpose to our thinking about evolution. The evolution of lineages will no longer then be under the control of natural selection, but rather imbued with striving and intentionality: with “wanting” to evolve.
Źródło:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2022, 19, 2
2299-0356
Pojawia się w:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) through the lens of four distinct profiles: radical, niche, anti-establishment, and party reputation, 2013–2017
Analiza Alternatywy dla Niemiec (AfD) przez pryzmat czterech odrębnych profili: radykalnego, niszowego, antyestablishmentowego i reputacji partii, 2013–2017
Autorzy:
Lipa, Bardh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
mainstreaming
radical
niche
anti-establishment
extreme reputation
radykalna
niszowa
antyestablishmentowa
skrajna reputacja
Opis:
After the 2017 election, the radical right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) became the Bundestag’s third-largest party. While the rise of the AfD drew scholarly interest, most publications analyzing its evolution were published during a period when the party was undergoing transition, the euro-crisis had decreased in prominence, and the party was going through an inner conflict between liberals and radicals. This article seeks to provide a systematic examination of how these developments have impacted the party from 2013 to 2017 and endeavors to answer the question of whether the AfD has become more mainstream by utilizing the framework devised by Akkerman et al. (2016) to assess party transformation along four key dimensions: 1) shifts in radical positions on key issues; 2) shifts from a niche to a socioeconomic-focused party; 3) shifts in the anti-establishment profile; and 4) shifts in party reputation. Through an analysis of internally and externally oriented material such as electoral manifestos, party documentation, published interviews with AfD leaders, and press releases, the article shows that the AfD has not shifted toward the mainstream. Instead, the party became more radical on the first three dimensions while demonstrating signs of mainstreaming on the fourth dimension in order to avoid legal action.
Po wyborach w 2017 roku radykalnie prawicowa Alternatywa dla Niemiec (AfD) stała się trzecią co do wielkości partią w Bundestagu. Choć powstanie AfD wzbudziło zainteresowanie naukowców, większość publikacji analizujących jej ewolucję ukazała się w okresie, gdy partia przechodziła transformację, kryzys euro stracił na znaczeniu, a partia przechodziła wewnętrzny konflikt między liberałami a radykałami. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu systematyczne zbadanie, w jaki sposób te wydarzenia wpłynęły na partię w latach 2013-2017, i stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy AfD stała się bardziej mainstreamowa, wykorzystując ramy opracowane przez Akkerman et al., s. 1) zmiany w radykalnych stanowiskach w kluczowych kwestiach; 2) zmiany z partii niszowej na społeczno-ekonomiczną; 3) zmiany w profilu antyestablishmentowym; oraz 4) zmiany w reputacji partii. Poprzez analizę wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych materiałów, takich jak manifesty wyborcze, dokumentacja partyjna, opublikowane wywiady z liderami AfD oraz informacje prasowe, artykuł pokazuje, że AfD nie przesunęła się w stronę głównego nurtu. Zamiast tego, partia stała się bardziej radykalna w pierwszych trzech wymiarach, wykazując jednocześnie oznaki włączania się do głównego nurtu w czwartym wymiarze, aby uniknąć działań prawnych.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2022, 2; 91-105
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fizykochemiczne właściwości wybranych źródlisk Puszczy Knyszyńskiej
Physico–chemical state of selected springs in Knyszyn Forest
Autorzy:
Chomutowska, H
Kryjan, T
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
źródło
nisza źródliskowa
wypływ
analiza wody
spring
spring niche
outflow
water analysis
Opis:
Źródła jako wypływy wód podziemnych na powierzchnię gruntu należą do trwałych elementów w krajobrazie Parku Krajobrazowego Puszczy Knyszyńskiej, wynikały z geologicznej budowy Wysoczyzny Białostockiej. Przedmiotem badań były źródła rezerwatów Krzemianka, Jałówka i Budzisk tego Parku. Dokonano klasyfikacji źródeł oraz analizy wody z określeniem jej cech fizyczno-chemicznych. Badania dowiodły, że dominują tu źródła krawędziowe, ascensyjne lub descensyjne, które jednocześnie zalicza się do reokrenów. Z racji położenia większości źródeł na terenach leśnych oraz braku zmian antropogenicznych woda ze źródeł odznacza się tu dobrą jakością.
Springs as groundwater outflows onto the surface belong to permanent elements in Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park which occurrence results from geological structure of Białystok High Plain. Research included 5 springs located in 3 reserves (Krzemianka, Jałówka, Budzisk) in Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park. During research there have been described classification of springs with water analyses of physico-chemical properties as well as flora verification in spring niches. The surveys has shown that in studied area the springs belong to ascending or descending outflows with erosion scarp and rheocrenes at one time. Due to lack of anthropogenic changes as well as location of springs in forest area they possess good water quality here what was proved by water analyses.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2014, 37; 50-61
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The port service ecosystem research based on the Lotka-Volterra model
Autorzy:
Li, W.
Liu, W.
Xu, X.
Gao, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
port service ecosystem
niche breadth
competitive co-evolution
mutually beneficial co-evolution
Opis:
Under the new normal of China’s economy, the competition among the port enterprises is not only the competition of the core competence of the port, the port industry chain or the port supply chain, but also the competition of the port service ecosystem. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of the port service ecosystem is discussed, a hierarchical model of the port service ecosystem is constructed. As an extended logistic model, Lotka-Volterra model is applied to study the competitive co-evolution and mutually beneficial co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem. This paper simulates the co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem by using MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that the breadth of the niche of the enterprises is changing with the change of the competition coefficient and the coefficient of mutual benefit in the port service ecosystem. Based on that, some proposals are put forward to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the port service ecosystem.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 3; 86-94
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obiektywność percepcji zmysłowej
The objectivity of sense perception
Autorzy:
Smith, Barry
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
epistemologia
percepcja
obiektywność
środowisko
nisza ekologiczna
epistemology
perception
objectivity
environment
ecological niche
Opis:
There is an old problem in philosophy: the problem of how we pass from the mental theater of our representations to the external realm of concrete physical objects - from the "inner” to the "outer” . This problem arises against the background of representationalist theories of the relation between mind and its objects, theories that have taken different forms since Descartes, Kant, Helmholtz or Brentano. Representationalist theories of perception are marked by the following three features: 1. The perceiving subject is idealized. It is conceived as lying outside any context or environment and in abstraction from any goal-directed behavior. 2. Perception is seen as beginning with raw or bare sensations; then, by a process of inference or deliberation, there arise beliefs about external, physical objects. 3. Physical objects are assumed to be out there in the world, but to be inaccessible to direct experience. Our knowledge of them is indirect; it is the product of hypothesis and inference. This representationalist theory lives on in the computational theories of the mind and in doctrines of "methodological solipsism” embraced by much contemporary cognitive science. But the theory rests on a mistake. By making perception dependent on sensation, and by making sensations the direct objects of experience, it has matters exactly upside down. The paper draws on the ecological psychology of J. J. Gibson and Roger Barker in order to provide the metaphysical principles of a more adequate theory.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2001, 49, 1; 63-75
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja enkulturacji w perspektywie kognitywistycznej
Autorzy:
Stawski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2188279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
situated cognition
enculturation
affordances
afordances competition hypothesis
cortical- -subcortical loops
cognitive niche
Opis:
Enculturation in cognitive studies perspective: Enculturation is an idea that emphasizes the significant influence of the cultural environment on cognitive processes. In the background of empirical research on the border of cultural anthropology and neuroscience, some scholars are trying to identify neural structures that may participate in the process of assimilating cultural information. In the paper, I shall argue that the concept of enculturation, as part of the situated cognition, can be enriched with the idea of affordances (in particular cultural and conventional affordances). In the first part, I present briefly the concept of enculturation as an approach that fits in the 4E. Then I characterize the concept of a cultural niche as a landscape of cultural affordances. In the second part, I consider a possible neurobiological mechanism of the discussed processes. Referring to the concept of Paul Cisk who has shown a possible neurobiological mechanism of the realization of motor affordances, it has been proposed that conventional affordances can be realized in a similar way. For this purpose, I shall discuss the concept of cortical-subcortical loops as a broader proposal compared to the concept of Cisk. According to it, motor, emotional and cognitive processes function in an integrated manner.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2022, 12, 1; 93-110
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niche conservatism of Eulophia alta, a trans-Atlantic orchid species
Autorzy:
Kolanowska, M.
Szlachetko, D.L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
niche modelling
Eulophia alta
Orchidaceae
tropical region
Neotropics
orchid
plant species
plant population
Opis:
The genus Eulophia embraces over 230 species distributed through the tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. In Neotropics it is represented by a sole species – E. alta. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the difference between ecological niches occupied by American and African populations of this species based on the ecological niche modeling. The similarity between the glacial and present niches occupied by E. alta was calculated and the factors limiting the species occurrence were identified. Areas of seasonal tropical forest, tropical savanna and woodland served as refugia for the studied species during last glacial maximum and they were more widespread in Neotropics than in Africa. No significant niche shift after last glacial maximum was observed. The distribution of E. alta in its whole range is restricted mainly by temperature seasonality. The differences in the niches occupied by African and Neotropical populations of E. alta suggest preglacial disjunction of the species range and independent adaptation of both groups. Despite the significant range disjunction of E. alta the species is characterized by relatively high degree of niche conservatism.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 1
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of forms of tourism that create extraordinary customer experiences and recognition of these forms in scientific literature
Identyfikacja form turystyki wywołujących niezwykłe doświadczenia klientów i rozpoznanie tych form w literaturze naukowej
Autorzy:
Gębarowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058726.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne
Tematy:
tourism
niche tourism
experience marketing
extraordinary experiences
turystka
turystyka niszowa
marketing doświadczeń
wyjątkowe doświadczenia
Opis:
This paper creates a link between experience marketing and a contemporary trend in tourism towards seeking new forms of activity that offer tourists unforgettable experiences. The author’s intention was to identify such forms of tourism and determine the number of references to chosen forms in scientific literature in the context of experience marketing. Eleven thematic areas of travel agency customers’ interest were proposed, with each of them containing more than fifty forms of tourism. The examination of bibliographical entries aimed at exploring different forms of leisure activities – with attention being focused on both the very phenomena and tourists’ experiences – was carried out with respect to one selected thematic area. Focus was given to the area of ‘history’ and the following forms classified under it: archaeological tourism, nostalgia tourism, tombstone tourism, war-zone tourism, dark tourism, gulag tourism, communist tourism, battlefield tourism, militarism heritage tourism, atomic tourism. The examination carried out led to two fundamental conclusions. First and foremost, those forms of tourism which until very recently have not been known or have been considered niche are becoming more and more popular now. The number of such activities being currently offered by travel agencies is on the rise, which is a response to contemporary tourists’ pursuit of unique experiences. Second, the analysis of resources available on top scientific publication databases demonstrated that the level of recognition of respective forms of tourism in literature is diversified – with some attracting considerable interest, and others receiving only scant attention. In several cases, research gaps were identified, relating to topics which have not been covered by any article or have been referred to only in a few scientific papers that present the results of theoretical discussions and empirical research showing close relationships between experience marketing and chosen forms of tourism.
Artykuł łączy marketing doświadczeń ze współczesnym trendem w turystyce, którym jest poszukiwanie przez turystów nowych form aktywności dostarczających im silnych przeżyć. Zamierzeniem autora było zidentyfikowanie tych form turystyki oraz określenie liczby odniesień do nich w literaturze naukowej w kontekście marketingu doświadczeń. Wyodrębniono jedenaście tematycznych obszarów zainteresowań klientów biur podróży, a w nich ponad pięćdziesiąt form uprawiania turystyki. Rozpoznania pozycji bibliograficznych pod kątem eksplorowania poszczególnych sposobów spędzania wolnego czasu – zarówno w wymiarze samych zjawisk, jak i z uwzględnieniem doświadczeń turystów – dokonano dla jednego, wybranego obszaru tematycznego. Skoncentrowano się na obszarze „historia” i przypisanych do niego następujących formach: turystyka archeologiczna, turystyka nostalgiczna, turystyka nagrobna, turystka stref wojennych, ciemna turystyka, turystyka łagrowa, turystka śladami komunizmu, turystyka pól bitewnych, turystyka dziedzictwa militarnego, turystyka atomowa. Przeprowadzone rozpoznanie pozwoliło sformułować dwa zasadnicze wnioski. Po pierwsze coraz większą popularność zyskują formy turystyki, które jeszcze do niedawna nie istniały lub były bardzo niszowe. Są one coraz częściej zamieszczane w ofertach biur podróży, co jest odpowiedzią na poszukiwanie przez współczesnych turystów wyjątkowych doświadczeń. Po drugie analiza zasobów wiodących baz publikacji naukowych wskazała, że rozpoznanie w literaturze poszczególnych form turystyki jest na zróżnicowanym poziomie – od szerszego zainteresowania po nikłe opisanie zjawisk. W kilku przypadkach zidentyfikowano luki badawcze – przy tematach, w których nie ma żadnych artykułów lub istnieją tylko pojedyncze prace naukowe prezentujące efekty rozważań teoretycznych oraz prac empirycznych łączących marketing doświadczeń ze wskazanymi formami turystyki.
Źródło:
Marketing i Rynek; 2019, 9; 26-33
1231-7853
Pojawia się w:
Marketing i Rynek
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical stress-induced reorganization of the root stem cell niche of Arabidopsis seedlings cultured in vitro
Autorzy:
Potocka, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mechanical stress
root system
stem cell
niche
root meristem
Arabidopsis thaliana
root apical meristem
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2015, 96, 1
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microhabitat distribution and coexistence of monogeneans parasitic fishes - a review
Autorzy:
Simkova, A.
Gelnar, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/837494.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
parasite
Oligonchoinea
microecology
fish
Polyonchoinea
microhabitat
parasitic fish
host fish
niche
helminth
coexistence
distribution
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1998, 44, 3
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of Treatment Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution from Sewage Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge in China’s Nanjing MV Industrial Park
Autorzy:
Xu, Lingjuan
Sun, Fengqi
Han, Xiuyan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
assessment of treatment effect
heavy metal pollution
niche model
sewage sludge
wastewater treatment plant
Opis:
To explore methods for a comprehensive assessment of the treatment effect of heavy metal pollution in the sewage sludge from China’s industrial parks, we studied the wastewater treatment plant of the Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an example. Eight common heavy metals in sewage sludge – Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) were studied. The treatment effect of these containments was comprehensively assessed using the absolute niche fitness model, the relative niche model and the spatial niche fitness model. All three models showed that Pb > Cu > Ni > Hg > Cd > Cr > Zn > As in the samples. However, they produced – different numerical values – the absolute niche suitability model < the spatial niche suitability model < and the relative niche suitability model. Therefore, we concluded that special attention should be paid to the carcinogenic risk of As and Cr heavy metals to the person exposed to the sewage sludge.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 276--293
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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