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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Kryzys zdrowotny w Polsce w okresie pandemii – wnioski - głos w dyskusji zainicjowanej przez NIK
    Health Crisis in Poland During the Pandemic – Conclusions
    Autorzy:
    Szymborski, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231329.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-02-28
    Wydawca:
    Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
    Tematy:
    recesja zdrowotna
    pandemia COVID-19
    katastrofa zdrowotna
    nadmierna umieralność
    bankructwo rynkowego systemu zdrowotnego
    filozofia zdrowia
    health recession
    COVID-19 pandemic
    health disaster
    excessive mortality
    bankruptcy of the market health system
    health philosophy
    need for action
    Opis:
    W okres pandemii ludność Polski weszła w stanie recesji zdrowotnej. W pracy poddano pod dyskusję związek dysfunkcji realizowanego od początku XXI wieku rynkowego systemu zdrowotnego ze spowalnianiem od 2002 r. i zahamowaniem od 2015 r. przewidywanej długości życia oraz ze wzrostem wskaźników umieralności. Marginalizacja zdrowia publicznego, niedostatki promocji zdrowia, profilaktyki chorób i opieki zdrowotnej doprowadziły jeszcze przed pandemią do wzrostu zachorowalności i umieralności z powodu chorób, którym można skutecznie zapobiegać, zwłaszcza związanych ze spożywaniem alkoholu i tych o podłożu infekcyjnym. Te same uwarunkowania przyczyniły się do nasilenia katastrofy zdrowotnej w okresie pandemii, mierzonej spadkiem przewidywanej długości życia o dwa lata i nadmierną umieralnością. Oba te wskaźniki należały do jednych z najgorszych w krajach należących do Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju, w przeciwieństwie do wskaźników w krajach skandynawskich. W okresie pandemii pojawiły się poważne wątpliwości co do funkcjonowania krajowego przywództwa w dziedzinie zdrowia publicznego. W pracy zestawiono autorskie propozycje pilnych badań i analiz oraz tematów do otwartej, interdyscyplinarnej debaty na ten temat.
    Before the pandemic COVID-19, the Polish population was in a state of health recession. The paper discusses the relationship between the dysfunction of the market health system implemented at the beginning of the 21st century and the stalling (since 2002), and then freezing (since 2015) of the increase in life expectancy in Poland. Public health marginalization, shortcomings in health promotion, disease prevention and health care led to an increase in morbidity and mortality from effectively preventable diseases before the pandemic, especially alcohol-related and infections-related diseases. The same conditions contributed to the exacerbation of the health disaster during the pandemic, as measured by a 2-year decline in life expectancy and excessive mortality. Both of these indicators were among the worst in the OECD countries, in contrast to the Scandinavian states. During the pandemic, serious doubts arose as to the functioning of national leadership in the field of public health. The work presents original, and thus subjective, proposals for urgent research and analysis as well as topics for an open, interdisciplinary debate. According to the author, the following issues cannot be taboo in such a discussion: Does the neoliberal, dysfunctional health system undermine the health of the Polish population? Will the dramatic experiences of the pre-pandemic health recession and the current health disaster help shift the market-oriented health system to the service of the common good? How does neoliberal newspeak affect social awareness and actions taken in the field of health? The epidemiological situation observed in recent years in Poland and the unacceptably high excessive mortality rate during a pandemic should be a reason for immediate action in the field of public health and other public policies. Without this, further economic and social development of the country will be impossible. For example, the Government should ensure national leadership in the field of public health by establishing and locating the institution of the Government Plenipotentiary for Public Health, specifying the Plenipotentiary’s tasks, including the administration of the Public Health Fund to prevent and deal with such destructive phenomena as the COVID-19 pandemic. and epidemics of non-communicable diseases. Only as a result of an open, multifaceted discussion can we expect a reliable assessment of the health situation of Polish women and Poles in recent decades and the development of good solutions for the future. Efforts of state authorities, public institutions, the health establishment, scientific and professional communities, as well as the entire society, to reorganize the health system, should be accompanied by recollections, self-reflection and a sense of moral obligation towards the victims of recession and health disaster, as well as reflection on the a human being’s ontological status in the health system.
    Źródło:
    Kontrola Państwowa; 2023, Vol. 68, 1 (408); 78-105
    0452-5027
    Pojawia się w:
    Kontrola Państwowa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    BOUNDARIES BETWEEN ENSURING SECURITY AND UNNECESSARY SOCIAL SURVEILLANCE – CASE STUDY OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
    Autorzy:
    M, Hrynicki, Wojciech
    Tomasz, Greif,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891483.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-13
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    security public security
    social security
    social surveillance
    need to take action for social security
    The German Democratic Republic
    Opis:
    1. Objective The objective of this article is to present the need to control society in order to ensure security both to the society itself and to the state, and to draw an extremely fluid boundary line between what is necessary and what is unnecessary, which may turn into unnecessary surveillance which sometimes becomes caricatural. The duty to ensure security to the society, particularly in the era of increasing religious terrorism in Europe (resulting from simple relationships in the society), is an obligation aimed at permanence of existence of a given social group (national, supranational) functioning within the state and as such should be connected with aptly chosen methods of supervision. 2. Introduction Security is the overriding need of humans and it determines their other needs and the motives for the actions they take. It manifests itself not only in the lack of hazards (which constitutes its basic principle related to the assurance of existence) but also in the need to take action to ensure appropriate conditions for development of individuals as well as smaller and larger social groups. Hence, today’s understanding of security is not exclusively linked with the existence of humans or social groups (lack of hazards); it must be analysed from the point of view of its development, which in turn determines the evolution of such categories of security as economic, scientific cultural security, or job security. However, such secondary categories of security, which ensure the development of individuals and various social groups, cannot be pursued without eliminating potential threats to the existence of humans, particularly those related to their life and health, and ensuring continuity of generations. In order to meet this objective, especially in the era of increasing terrorism, it is necessary to supervise the society, which is more and more culturally and religiously diverse, in the right way, and the supervision may not become caricatural as was the case with the German Democratic Republic. 3. Methodology The authors identify the need to exercise permanent supervision in the society, particularly in areas threatened with terrorism, and, at the same time, point out that it is possible to overstep the necessary surveillance in a manner leading to its caricatural forms, which occurred in the German Democratic Republic, non-existent today. The adopted comparative historical method allows for direct analysis of needs regarding security in comparison with the potential threat of adopting wrong methods to meet them. A glance at current threats to social security, including terrorism, confronted with the surveillance that was common in the German Democratic Republic, which ceased to exist over twenty-five years ago, throws doubt on the boundaries of the needed and acceptable social surveillance. 4. Conclusions The authors prove that it is difficult to draw a clear line between what is permissible and what is impermissible in social surveillance, especially in view of terrorism threats. Therefore, the actions of national authorities should be marked by far-reaching carefulness in the selection of surveillance methods so that a democratic state does not turn into a police state. They agree, however, that supervision in the form of well administered surveillance is one of the methods of ensuring security to individuals and society.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 23; 67-89
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    NEED TO TAKE ACTION FOR THE BENEFIT OF CULTURAL SECURITY IN VIEW OF ITS CONTEMPORARY THREATS
    Autorzy:
    M, Hrynicki, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891503.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-17
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Security
    cultural security
    threats of cultural security
    need to to take action for the benefit of cultural security
    Opis:
    1. Objective The objective of the article is to present the need to take action for the benefit of cultural security in view of its contemporary threats. The values cherished within the framework of cultural heritage are handed down from generation to generation and in this respect it is necessary to act ceaselessly for the benefit of cultural security, which is aimed not only at the protection of existing cultural achievements, but also at facilitating its constant development. 2. Introduction Cultural security has a significant influence on the security as a value and it is linked to continuous human development, which manifests itself, for instance, in development of culture. It has its roots in cultural threats, which have been present for thousands of years and which result from armed invasions, colonial conquests, meetings of cultures and mass migrations of population. Cultural security can be examined from two perspectives: the first one (national) is closely related to military, economic, ecological and political security, and the other one (social) appears as a group of elements expressing threat for the nation or its part, ethnic group, language, cultural achievements in material terms, and in terms of tradition and customs. 3. Methodology The author defines cultural security and identifies its threats, including, in particular, multiculturalism and related globalisation, migrations (especially from the east to the west) and refugeeism, economic diversification of societies, climate changes as well as pillage, theft and illegal trading in cultural goods. When describing each of the identified threats, the author not only presents the protective action taken (both preventive and consequent), but also tries to search for new methods of protection, emphasising the need for broad cooperation between national authorities, local government and non-governmental organisations. 4. Conclusions The author proves that cultural heritage and cultural security are both exposed to many threats, including, in particular, globalisation and demographic relations. To recapitulate, the author emphasises that action must be taken both by countries and government organisations to protect cultural heritage and cultural security, and that it is essential to actively support in this respect international activity (particularly the activity under the auspices of the United Nations) and non-governmental organisations.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2015, 20; 219-237
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE NEED FOR ACTION CONCERNING CULTURAL SAFETY IN TERMS OF ITS PRESENT THREATS
    Autorzy:
    M, Hrynicki, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891118.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    safety
    cultural safety
    threats to cultural safety
    need for action regarding cultural safety
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to present the need for action concerning cultural safety in terms of its present threats. The author defines cultural safety and identifies threats related to it, paying attention to multiculturalism and subsequent globalization, migration, the notion of exile, economic differentiation of societies, climate changes, plundering, thefts and illegal turnover of cultural assets. In conclusion, the author stresses the necessity for taking action both by states and governmental organizations to protect cultural heritage and safety as well as active support for non-governmental organizations and international actions in this respect (particularly the ones under the auspices of the United Nations).
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 16; 190-204
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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