Temat: natural fuel - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Transformations of sulfur compounds in the aerosphere
Wystepowanie związków siarki w atmosferze
Autorzy:: Rogalski, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14843.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:: atmosphere
natural fuel
occurrence
sulphur compound
emission
air pollution
Opis:: The paper presents the main natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur compounds, the proportion of these compounds in natural fuels and their emission to the aerosphere. Particular attention was paid to conditions of photochemical and catalytic oxidation in the air, as well as the behavior of sulfur compounds in the aerosphere. The transformations of sulfur compounds and their reactions with other compounds or elements contribute to air pollution, including the formation of tropospheric ozone and acid rains.
Praca zawiera opis głównych, naturalnych i antropogenicznych źródeł związków siarki, zawartości takich związków w paliwach naturalnych i emisji atmosferycznych pochodzących ze spalania tych paliw. Szczególną uwagę skierowano na warunki fotochemicznego i katalizowanego utleniania siarki w powietrzu oraz zachowanie się związków siarki w atmosferze. Przemiany chemiczne związków siarki oraz ich reakcje z innymi związkami lub pierwiastkami powodują zwiększone zanieczyszczenie powietrza, łącznie z takimi zjawiskami jak tworzenie się ozonu w troposferze oraz powstawanie kwaśnych deszczy.
Źródło:: Journal of Elementology; 2006, 11, 2
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Compressed natural gas as motor fuel: possibilities, problems and solutions
Autorzy:: Makarova, I.
Shubenkova, K.
Sadygova, G.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263134.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:: gas-cylinder vehicles
natural gas fuel
service center
simulation model
gaz ziemny
paliwo
butla gazowa
pojazd
model
symulacja
Opis:: The article is devoted to the increase of the cargo vehicles market on the gas-engine fuel. The article considers the relevance of the use of the alternative types of transport’s fuels. As potential energy carriers for internal combustion engines, gas engine fuels are considered. Prospects and problems of using natural gas as motor fuel, as well as ecological and economic aspects of the use of compressed natural gas as fuel for vehicles are presented. Prospects for expanding the market for trucks powered by gas engine fuel are discussed, as well as the advantages of using natural gas as a safe, environmentally friendly and economical type of alternative fuel are considered. It is shown that the main obstacle to the expansion of the gas engine vehicles’ market is the underdevelopment of the infrastructure: filling stations and service centres. The organization of gas-cylinder vehicles (GCV) servicing is considered. The authors have developed an imitation model that allows determining the optimal number of repair stations for the service centre, as well as software for forecasting the required number of automobile gas filling compressor stations (AGFCS).
Źródło:: Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2018, 82, 4; 43-62
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Analysis concerning possibilities of reduction of toxic substances and co2 emission by use of dual fuel diesel engines for seagoing ships main propulsion
Autorzy:: Giernalczyk, M.
Górski, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244704.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: toxic substances
carbon dioxide
fuel consumption
dual fuel engines
natural gas
Opis:: The goal of the paper is to focus the problem of emission of toxic compounds e.g. NOx, SOx and CO2 from seagoing ships to environment. The VI Amendment to Marpol Convention concerning prevention against air pollution by seagoing ships brought into practice in May 19th 2005 forced ship owners to use means for reduction of environment harmful substances emission to atmosphere. Considerable reduction of these harmful substances can be use dual fuel diesel engines for ship propulsion. Dual fuel engines are fuelled by natural gas having methane as main component. Leading producers of marine diesel engines introduced into production diesel engines DF (Dual Fuel) type. These engines can be fuelled alternatively with natural gas or with heavy fuel oil and marine diesel oil. Today the propulsion by diesel engines fuelled with natural gas is the most popular on ships carrying natural gas cargo i.e. LNG carriers (Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers). Natural gas is freight in liquid form under atmospheric pressure in temperature -163 °C. Due to heat penetration into cargo tanks, the liquefied gas evaporates. Evaporated cargo BOF (Boil Off Gas) is used as a fuel in ship diesel engines. However, dual fuel engines are used on other types of ships not only on LNG carriers. A number of seagoing ships fuelled with natural gas are now under construction. For example container ship 9,000 TEU in Japan shipyard Kawasaki Heavy Industries or container ship 14,000 TEU in Korean shipyard Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering for company CMA-CGM. Ships fuelled with natural gas e.g. modern ferries are also built by Stocznia Remontowa Shipbuilding in Poland for Norwegian owner. Adaptation of presently operated ships for fuelling with natural gas is also considered.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 77-82
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Liquefied Natural Gas – The Future Fuel for Shipping or Cul-de-sac
Autorzy:: Herdzik, Jerzy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174912.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:: fuel
shipping
liquefied natural gas
marine fuel
future
fuel leakage
greenhouse effect
atmosphere contamination
Opis:: The paper analyses the reasons for the interest in natural gas as a potential marine fuel to replace the existing fuels derived from crude oil. The increase in environmental awareness and the effects of human activity caused the process of searching for more environmentally friendly fuels. Naturally, interest has been shifted to a well-known energy source commonly found on Earth in quantities much more considerable than crude oil. This fuel, in the form of liquefied natural gas, seems to be an attractive substitute for the currently dominant types of marine fuels. The technologies of its extraction, liquefaction, storage and transport were mastered, and marine engines were adopted for its combustion as dual-fuel engines. The regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization and the European Parliament, forcing the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the combustion of marine fuels, require taking action to meet them. The proposals for individual next 30 years are given. Due to the introduction of regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to switch to fuels with a lower or zero carbon content or biofuels recognised as more environmentally friendly. Due to only 25% lower carbon content in methane with its higher lower heating value, it is possible to reduce the direct emission from this gas by about 30%. However, methane leaks occur in the processes from natural gas extraction to the energy effect in engines as a fuel, significantly worsening its image as an ecological fuel. Researches indicate that with current technologies, natural gas should not be recognised as an ecological fuel until gas leaks are significantly reduced. The article justifies why LNG should be considered a transient marine fuel, with the need to switch to other synthetic fuels, ammonia, and hydrogen.
Źródło:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2022, 24; 15--25
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Numerical analysis of emissions from marine engines using alternative fuels
Autorzy:: Lamas, M. I.
Rodriguez, C. G.
Telmo, J.
Rodriguez, J. D.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260425.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:: fuel
natural gas
hydrogen
marine engine
emissions
Opis:: The current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wartsila 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2 , hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2 and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOx and HC than oil fuel. SOx depends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.
Źródło:: Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 4; 48-52
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:: Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Jaki kształt „Bramy Północnej”?
Autorzy:: Miętkiewicz, Rafał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89340.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Nowa Energia
Tematy:: paliwa
energetyka
gaz ziemny
fuel
energetics
natural gas
Opis:: Polska należy do państw charakteryzujących się wzrastającym zapotrzebowaniem na gaz ziemny. Według prognoz, zużycie gazu sięgnąć ma w perspektywie 2025 r. od 18 mld m3 do nawet 20 mld m3 gazu rocznie. Jednocześnie zbliża się termin wygaśnięcia długookresowego kontraktu na dostawy surowca z Federacji Rosyjskiej (2022). Biorąc także pod uwagę kwestie wykorzystania przez Rosję „kurka gazowego”, jako istotnego elementu nacisku w relacjach międzynarodowych, dywersyfikacja dostaw gazu nabiera szczególnego znaczenia dla bezpieczeństwa państwa.
Źródło:: Nowa Energia; 2019, 3; 80-82
1899-0886
Pojawia się w:: Nowa Energia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Proposal of ecological propulsion for seagoing ships
Autorzy:: Górski, Z.
Ćwilewicz, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245781.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: natural gas in marine propulsion
dual fuel marine engines
dual fuel marine boilers
Opis:: Exhaust gases from engines of seagoing ships are the serious problem for environment. That is why the discussion in the matter is very important. One of means to minimise harmful substances emission to earth atmosphere is application of „ecological fuel" — natural gas or nuclear energy for ship propulsion. Natural gas is commonly used in onshore applications but is rarely applied in marine propulsion. Heavy Fuel Oil is the basic brand of fuel used onboard ofseagoing ships. Other kinds of fuel e.g. Diesel Oil or gas Oil are used on smaller ships with limited sailing range. The nuclear energy, due to high costs is used only on few types of warships and some icebreakers. A real means for minimising harmful substances in exhaust gases from ships engines is replacement of Heavy Fuel Oil by Natural gas. Nowadays, heavy oil is commonly used due to technical and logistic abilities and conservative attitude of ship owners. The necessity of improvement in the field of environment protection inclines towards wide application of Natural gas as marine fuel. Application power-plant novel type would break the traditionalism in the shipbuilding and the introduction novel generation ofshipping drives.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 121-128
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Natural gas supply chain in the form of LNG : Polish and European markets
Autorzy:: Zwolenik, Paulina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101764.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:: natural gas
fuel consumption
fuel extraction
LNG
supply chain
LNG import terminals
energy policy
Opis:: Natural gas production in Europe does not meet the demand for this raw material. The solution is the import of raw materials, and LNG, i.e. liquefied natural gas, is becoming increasingly popular. The LNG supply chain includes natural gas production, liquefaction, and then transport to the unloading terminal, where it is regasified and sent to the final recipient. There are many import terminals in Europe and their number is constantly growing, which shows the increased demand for a different source of raw material than pipelines. The aim of the article is to present the extraction, consumption and import of natural gas in the Polish and Europe, as well as the presentation of the LNG supply chain and a discussion of the import terminals located in European countries.
Źródło:: Energy Policy Studies; 2019, 2 (4); 19-35
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:: Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Impact of raw liquid natural gas composition on combustion properties and emission characteristic
Autorzy:: Czyżewski, Paweł
Ślefarski, Rafał
Jójka, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204069.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: toxic compounds
fuel flexibility
liquid natural gas
NO emission
Opis:: The article presents the results of numerical and analytical investigations of the influence of raw liquid natural gas (LNG) composition on parameters characterizing the combustion process. The high content of higher hydrocarbons influences the thermodynamic combustion process described with parameters like the adiabatic flame temperature, laminar flame speed and ignition delay time. A numerical study of the impact of LNG fuels on emission characteristics using the Cantera code has been performed. Results have shown that the change of grid natural gas to some types of liquid natural gas can result in an incomplete combustion process and an increase of emission of toxic compounds such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. For all investigated fuels the laminar flame speed rises by about 10% compared to natural gas, while the adiabatic flame temperature is nearly the same. The ignition delay time is decreased with an increase of ethane share in the fuel. The analysis of chemical pathways has shown that hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen formation is present, particularly in the high temperature combustion regimes, which results in an increase of nitric oxide molar fraction in flue gases by even 10% compared to natural gas. To summarize, for some applications, liquid natural gases cannot be directly used as interchangeable fuels in an industry sector, even if they meet the legal requirements.
Źródło:: Archives of Thermodynamics; 2023, 44, 1; 3--21
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:: Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Consequences of using LNG as a marine fuel
Autorzy:: Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245352.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine fuel
ships propulsion
LNG
CNG
natural gas
atmosphere protection
Opis:: The paper presents the consequences of LNG usage as a marine fuel. The restrictions of harmful substances emission to atmosphere from marine engines, especially in controlled emission areas (ECA and SECA areas) of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, forces the engine makers to use additional installations, which operation may fulfill the purification requirements of exhaust gases. The option is a usage gaseous fuels, especially liquid natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). There is no an alternative – only gaseous fuels may fulfill the Tier3 level without exhaust gases purification process. In prognosis about 650 ships (in high scenario about 2000) will be fuelled LNG in the year 2025. It was written why the liquid fuels stay unattractive. The basic problem is still the limited network of LNG distribution in ports and the lack of small vessels or barges for LNG bunkering. The proposition of design of LNG tank and barges were presented. The next problem is a deficiency of LNG bunker port in deep sea before entering the ECA areas. The controlled emission areas will extend in the near future. The LNG or CNG seemed to be the preferring fuel in industry due to CO2 emission limits and environmental taxes. The demand for LNG in prognosis to 2025 in bunker ports varies 0.1-18% of total fuel bunker depending on legislation and low or high case, in base case it will be 3%. It depends on the conviction of ship-owners that is no return from transition to the LNG or CNG ship fuelling. The examples to LNG ship conversion were described.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 159-166
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Aspects of using LNG as a marine fuel
Autorzy:: Herdzik, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247852.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine fuel
ships propulsion
LNG
liquid natural gas
atmosphere protection
Opis:: The paper presents a probe of LNG usage analysis as a marine fuel. The restrictions of harmful substances emission to atmosphere from marine engines, especially in controlled emission areas (ECA and SECA areas) of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, forces the engine makers to use additional installations, which operation may fulfill the cleanness requirements of exhaust gases. The option is a usage such marine fuels which fulfill the requirements without any cleaning processes. Such fuels are gaseous fuels, especially liquid natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). It was undertaken many tests for determination the conditions of safety bunkering, storage on board, preparation and supplying the fuel to the engine and realization of working process. About dozens merchant ships were applied LNG as a fuel. There is enough experience for spreading the LNG usage. The basic problem is still the limited network of LNG distribution in ports. The next one is the conviction of ship-owners that is no return from transition to the LNG or CNG fuelling. In the end it may occurred to the double beneficial situation that the fuel costs would be decreasing and simultaneously the improvement of exhaust gases quality (the restriction of negative effects for the natural environment).
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 201-209
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Some aspects of dual fueling of the middle class modern CI engines
Autorzy:: Stelmasiak, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242729.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: dual fuel
natural gas
gas injection
common rail
combustion process
Opis:: The paper presents results of studies on the dual fuel engine equipped with the Common Rail high pressure injection system and low pressure natural gas injection into the inlet collector. Impact of some regulation parameters of the feed system on the engine performance parameters was examined. Research of the pilot dose selection showed that the minimal size of the dose was limited to ca 12+13% of the nominal dose. It is a result of some troubles of the electromagnetic injector operation at short times of control. The effect of that is a notable deterioration of smoothness of the engine operation. However, electronic control of the injector opening timing enables to reduce the pilot dose size as the engine load is reduced. The research showed advantageous impact of the decreasing dose on the engine efficiency and exhaust gas toxicity at partial loads of the engine. The tests reconfirmed full usefulness of the system to combustion process optimization. A delay of the injection start at high engine loads enables to reduce nearly twice the NOx concentration in exhaust gas with insignificant decreasing, some 1+1.5%, of its efficiency. The used systems showed their high suitability to control charge quality in dual fuel engines, in traction applications in particular.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 453-462
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Natural gas engines - problems and challenges
Autorzy:: Kowalewicz, A.
Wojtyniak, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243241.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engine
natural gas
dual-fuel engine
combustion duration
knock
Opis:: At former KONES one of the co-authors presented a paper, is which general information about natural gas properties, reserves, production and distribution were given and application to SI and CI engines was presented, compared and discussed. It was shown, that more promising is dual-fuel CI engine. There is a lot of information on combustion, emissions and performances of dual-fuel natural gas engines, but there are also blank areas and controversial opinions, which were pointed out and discussed in this paper. For example: why combustion processes are delayed in comparison with combustion of diesel fuel only. It is also not clear whether noise of dual-fuel engine is higher than that of diesel engine or lower (there are contradictory data). These problems are shown and discussed in this paper. The proposal of further research is presented. Ignition and combustion in dual-fuel natural gas engines is yet not fully recognized, especially: combustion duration, mechanism at gaseous and condensed phase burning, kinetics and diffusion controlled combustion, noise, knock and cycle-by-cycle variation. Optimization of control parameters on account of efficiency and emissions is still an open problem. Influence of natural gas composition and its changes on engine performance and emissions still demand estimation.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 273-282
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Effect of gas flow on combustion and exhaust emissions in a dual fuel natural gas engine
Autorzy:: Tomita, E.
Kawahara, N.
Ohuchi, S.
Komoda, T.
Sakane, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244013.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: alternative fuel
dual fuel combustion system
natural gas
supercharged system
lean burn
gas flow
swirl
tumble
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 519-527
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Conversion of Fiat 0.9 MultiAir engine to multi - fuelling
Autorzy:: Ambrozik, A.
Ambrozik, T.
Kurczyński, D.
Łagowski, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247877.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engines
fuels
fuel supply system
liquefied petroleum gas
natural gas
Opis:: The development of human civilisation has always been related to an increase in energy demand. The growth of transportation and an increase in the number of automobile vehicles in service produce a rising demand for fuel. Before piston IC engine is replaced with a different effective power source, it is necessary to use gaseous fuels on a larger scale than ever before. The natural resources of gaseous fuels are estimated to be much higher than crude oil reserves. Additionally, engines can run on biogas, i.e. gaseous renewable fuel. The use of gaseous fuels means lowering the harmful effect engines produce on the natural environment. Multi-fuelling, i.e. switching from one fuel to another, could be an advantageous feature of automobile combustion engine, both from the user’s standpoint and with respect to environmental concerns. Gaseous fuels have desirable properties that are especially suitable for fuel of spark ignition engines. The paper presents the engine test bench constructed at the Laboratory of Heat Engines of the Kielce University of Technology. The test stand comprises modern spark ignition engine Fiat 0.9 MultiAir and the eddy-current brake. At the test stand, the engine was converted to fuelling with three fuels, namely petrol, LPG gas blends and compressed natural gas (CNG). The engine could run alternatively on the three fuels mentioned above. The stand is equipped with an external unit to control the engine work, which makes it possible to extend the range of the engine investigations.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 9-15
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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