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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Discharge against medical advice at the adult accident and emergency department in a tertiary hospital of a developing nation
    Autorzy:
    Chinedum Ekwedigwe, Henry
    Jude Edeh, Anthony
    Chigozie Nevo, Anthony
    Tochukwu Ekwunife, Remigius
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037503.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    accident and emergency
    alternative medical treatment discharge against medical advice financial constraint
    National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)
    Opis:
    Introduction. The goals of health care provision include that it be accessible, acceptable, affordable and adequate. Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is a failure of proper health care provision as there is disagreement arising from dissatisfaction with provided health care. DAMA is common in our sub-region because of many reasons; these includes ignorance, financial constraint of the patient, beliefs in unorthodox care and patients feeling that they are well when their caregivers do not think so. Aim. The objectives of this study are to determine the incidence, method of documentation of DAMA in the case notes and patients reasons for DAMA in our tertiary health institution. The A&E of any hospital in our environment attracts public criticism when there is dissatisfaction with services and DAMA when not handled well can lead to justifiable criticisms and/or litigations. Material and methods. This is a retrospective study. It was carried out at the adult accident and emergency department of Enugu state university of technology teaching hospital Enugu. Duration of the study was from January 2017 to December 2018. Results. A total of 8,152 patients were seen in the accident and emergency during this period. One hundred and seventy one (171) case notes were retrieved and reviewed for the study, DAMA rate of 2.1% was obtained. Fifty one folders (29.8%) did not have reason for the DAMA documented in them. The commonest reason for the DAMA was to seek traditional medical care with frequency of 17.5%. This was closely followed by financial constraint with 15.8%. Documentation for DAMA was done directly in the case notes. Conclusion. The incidence of DAMA from this study is similar to what is obtainable from other local studies, financial constraint on the patients and seeking alternative medical treatment were the commonest reasons for DAMA in our sub-region. Also, the documentation for the DAMA in this study was poorly done.
    Źródło:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2020, 2; 88-92
    2544-2406
    2544-1361
    Pojawia się w:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency of Pollution Removal in Preliminary Settling Tanks of Household Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Roztocze National Park
    Autorzy:
    Micek, Agnieszka
    Jóźwiakowski, Krzysztof
    Marzec, Michał
    Listosz, Agnieszka
    Malik, Arkadiusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    primary settling tank
    pollutant removal efficiency
    household wastewater treatment plants
    domestic wastewater
    Roztocze National Park
    Opis:
    The paper presents an evaluation of the pollutant removal efficiencies of four primary settling tanks that were components of on-site domestic wastewater treatment plants located in the Roztocze National Park in Poland. We studied two four-chamber settling tanks which were elements of the technological lines of activated sludge treatment plants, and two threechamber settling tanks which provided primary treatment in hybrid constructed wetlands. The tests were conducted in the years 2017–2019. During this period, wastewater samples for analysis were collected from the first chamber (raw wastewater) and the last chamber (primary settled wastewater) of each settling tank. We tested the following pollution parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The following mean pollutant removal efficiencies were obtained for the four-chamber settling tanks: TSS – 68.3%, BOD5 – 50.4%, and COD – 49.5%; the three-chamber settling tanks were much less efficient at reducing those pollution parameters: 50.9%, 17.0%, and 2.3%, respectively. Neither the three-chamber nor the four-chamber settling tanks ensured effective elimination of biogenic compounds. In most cases, the concentrations of TN and TP in primary settled wastewater were higher compared to raw sewage, which means that these elements were being released from sewage sludge during treatment. Despite this finding, the study shows that a primary settling tank should be used as a basic component of any domestic wastewater treatment plant, as it ensures a considerable reduction in TSS and organic matter.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 5; 9-18
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The State of Water and Wastewater Management in the Municipalities of the Roztocze National Park
    Autorzy:
    Jóźwiakowski, K.
    Podbrożna, D.
    Kopczacka, K.
    Jaguś, M.
    Marzec, M.
    Listosz, A.
    Pochwatka, P.
    Kowalczyk-Juśko, A.
    Malik, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    municipality
    water supply
    sewage system
    sewage treatment plant
    septic tank
    national park
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to present the current state of water and sewage management in the communes where the Roztocze National Park (RNP) is located. The park is located in Lubelskie voivodship, in the territory of four communes: Zamość, Zwierzyniec, Adamów and Józefów, while its buffer zone is located in the communes of Krasnobród, Tereszpol and Szczebrzeszyn. The paper uses data from surveys conducted in these municipalities in 2016. On average, 68.9% of the population used the water supply system in the municipalities surveyed, while 33.4% of the inhabitants had the possibility of discharging sewage to the sewerage system. In the area of the communes, there are 10 collective, mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants with a capacity exceeding 5 m3·d-1. The households which are not connected to the sewage network discharge wastewater mainly to non-return tanks. Four out of the seven surveyed communities had 64 domestic sewage treatment plants, including 60 systems with infiltration drainage, which do not ensure high efficiency of removing pollution and may even contribute to the degradation of groundwater quality. In order to solve the existing problems in the area of sewage and water management occurring in the communes where the Roztocze National Park is located, it is necessary to further develop collective sewage systems and equip the areas with dispersed buildings with highly efficient, residential sewage treatment plants, e.g. constructed wetlands.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 2; 255-262
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The State of Water and Wastewater Management in the Municipalities of the Polesie National Park
    Autorzy:
    Jóźwiakowski, K.
    Podbrożna, D.
    Kopczacka, K.
    Marzec, M.
    Kowalczyk-Juśko, A.
    Pochwatka, P.
    Listosz, A.
    Malik, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123070.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    municipality
    water supply
    sewerage
    wastewater treatment plant
    septic tank
    national park
    Opis:
    The aim of the work is to present the current state of water and wastewater management in the municipalities where the Polesie National Park (PNP) is located. The PNP is situated in Lublin Voivodeship, in the area of six municipalities: Sosnowica, Hańsk, Urszulin, Stary Brus, Wierzbica and Ludwin. The data used in this paper, were obtained on the basis of the surveys conducted in these municipalities in 2016 by the Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. In the analyzed communes, there was a very large disproportion between the usage of sewerage and the water supply network. It has been shown that 79.1% of the inhabitants living in the afore-mentioned communes used the water supply network and only 22.5% of them used sewerage. In the discussed communities there are 9 collective, mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants with a capacity of over 5 m3•d-1. On the farms located in the scattered areas, which are not connected to the sewerage, wastewater is discharged mainly to the septic tanks. In four out of the six analyzed municipalities, there were 2345 septic tanks registered. Domestic sewage from some farms is purified in household wastewater treatment plants (395 pieces). The plants with the drainage systems are prevalent (84.9%), which may contribute to the groundwater quality degradation. In order to protect the natural environment within the communes that form the PNP, it is necessary to undertake the actions that will contribute to the improvement of the current state of water and wastewater management. While solving the existing problems related to water supply and wastewater treatment, it is strongly required to adhere to the principle of sustainable development and use highly effective systems in order to ensure that the ecological effects are appropriate.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 6; 192-199
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    National Treatment Rules in EU Regional Trade Agreements
    Autorzy:
    Słok-Wódkowska, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-07-25
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    EIA
    EU
    European Union
    national treatment
    regional trade agreement
    RTA
    WTO
    Opis:
    Most favoured nation (MFN) treatment and national treatment (NT) are two standards usually related to the general principle of non-discrimination. However, while the MFN treatment was undoubtedly and clearly defined already during the negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in previous works and judgements of various international bodies, the NT standard needed to be clarified. An additional reason to concentrate on NT rules is that their content and scope may influence trade more than the scope of MFN granted. The concept of NT is also subject to relatively rare analysis in comparison with other aspects of regional trade agreements’ (RTA) rules which overlap with WTO law. The aim of this article is to analyse the scope and wording of the NT standard in various RTAs concluded by the European Union. In particular, it inquiries into the extent to which the NT clause remains universal across its different regional trade agreements, and examines the reasons (and consequences) for the differences, if any, in its formulation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 225-248
    0554-498X
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Yearbook of International Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The evaluation of compliance with assumptions of the national programme for municipal wastewater treatment on rural and rural-urban areas of the opolskie voivodeship
    Ocena stanu wypełnienia założeń krajowego programu oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych na terenach wiejskich i wiejsko-miejskich województwa opolskiego
    Autorzy:
    Kłosok-Bazan, I.
    Kuczuk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
    Tematy:
    tereny wiejskie
    kanalizacja
    oczyszczanie ścieków
    Krajowy Program Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych (KPOŚK)
    rural areas
    sewer
    wastewater treatment
    National Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plan
    Opis:
    W pracy przeanalizowano stan wdrażania założeń Krajowego Programu Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych (KPOŚK) na terenach wiejskich i wiejsko-miejskich województwa opolskiego na koniec 2010 roku oraz możliwości jego realizacji do 2015 roku. Analiza danych na koniec roku 2010 dotyczących realizacji KPOŚK na terenach wiejskich i wiejsko-miejskich województwa opolskiego wskazuje na szereg problemów i utrudnień wpływających na opóźnienie w realizacji założonych celów. Jednocześnie, analizując możliwości wypełnienia założeń KPOŚK na koniec 2015 roku, stwierdzono, że istnieją jeszcze realne szanse na ich terminową realizację. Konieczne jest jednak uściślenie współpracy z instytucjami mającymi wpływ na jego realizację.
    In 2015 will end the transitional period enshrined in the Treaty of Accession concerning Poland’s compliment with the requirements of the Urban Water Waste Treatment Directive. Poland was obliged to build, expand and modernize the municipal wastewater treatment plants and waste water collecting systems, as this should be reflected in the state of natural environment in our country. In order to implement the provisions of the Treaty of Accession the main issue was, and still is, to direct the funding stream to the water and wastewater industry in order enable the implementation of actions required to complete these provisions. At the same time, taking into account the implementation period and extend of actions, the ongoing monitoring and analysis of the obtained results are essential.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2013, 4; 24-37
    0867-8898
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia i Środowisko
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Realizacja Krajowego Programu Oczyszczania Ścieków na przykładzie wybranych gmin
    Implementation of the National Programme of Wastewater Treatment
    Autorzy:
    Sadecka, Z.
    Myszograj, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/372488.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    Krajowy program oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych (KPOŚK)
    gmina
    National Programme for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
    municipality
    Opis:
    Krajowy Program Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych określa przedsięwzięcia w zakresie budowy, rozbudowy i/lub modernizacji zbiorczych sieci kanalizacyjnych oraz oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych, a także terminy ich realizacji. Wypełnianie tych zobowiązań przedstawiono na przykładzie wybranych gmin.
    National Programme for municipal wastewater treatment determines the project for the construction, expansion and/or modernization of sewage collecting and waste water treatment plant, as well as deadlines for their implementation. Comply with these obligations is shown in the example of some municipalities.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski; 2011, 141 (21); 16-27
    1895-7323
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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