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Tytuł:
Zastosowanie topologicznej analizy gęstości elektronowej do opisu oddziaływań niekowalencyjnych
The use of topological analysis of electron density in characterization of noncovalent interactions
Autorzy:
Bankiewicz, B.
Rybarczyk-Pirek, A.
Małecka, M.
Domagała, M.
Palusiak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
Kwantowa teoria Atomów w Cząsteczkach
QTAIM
gęstość elektronowa
analiza topologiczna
wiązanie chemiczne
oddziaływanie niekowalencyjne
Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules
electron density
topological analysis
chemical bonding
noncovalent bonding
Opis:
All atomic and molecular properties are governed by an electron density distribution. Thus, the methods that deal with an analysis of the electron density distribution should have a particular appeal for chemists and help to understand the electron structure of molecules. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules gives the unique opportunity to have an insight into a region (e.g., an atom) of a given system (e.g. a molecule), delivering partitioning scheme which is defined explicitly within the rigorous quantum theory, from one side, and is applicable for experimentally available set of observables, from the other side. In that way QTAIM delivers a chemist a theoretical tool to study a small part of a molecule only, instead of dealing with the total energy of a whole system. In consequence, QTAIM has become one of the most powerful utilities of modern chemistry, forming a bridge between advanced theoretical and experimental techniques. In particular the properties of the electron density function in the so-called bond critical point (BCP, the (3, -1) saddle point on electron density curvature) seem to be valuable information for chemists, since it was proven in many papers that the chemical bonding can be characterized and classified on the basis of electron density characteristics measured in BCPs . In this review we firstly give a brief introduction to the theory, explaining most basic terms and dependences. In the main part of the review we discuss application of QTAIM in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of several various noncovalent interactions, focusing readers attention on such aspects as classification of interactions and interaction energy assessment. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are taken into account. We also discuss extensions of QTAIM to the analysis of the so called source function – the method which additionally enlarge interpretative possibilities of its parent theory. Finally, we give some examples which perhaps escape a rigorous QTAIM definition of chemical bonding. We acquaint the potential reader with arguments being pro- and against the QTAIM-based deterministic model of a chemical bond.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 5-6; 457-486
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiązanie wodorowe i inne oddziaływania typu kwas Lewisa-zasada Lewisa
The hydrogen bond and the other Lewis acid-Lewis base interactions
Autorzy:
Grabowski, S. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
wiązanie wodorowe
wiązanie halogenowe
wiązanie wodorkowe
oddziaływanie kwas Lewisa-zasada Lewisa
teoria Atomy w Cząsteczkach
hydrogen bond
halogen bond
hydride bond
Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction
atoms in molecules theory
AIM
Opis:
Hydrogen bond is analyzed very often since its importance in numerous chemical, physical and biological processes is very well known. It covers the broad range of various interactions; sometimes this is the subject of discussions and polemics if some of them may be classified as hydrogen bonds. This is because there are numerous definitions of hydrogen bond interaction, often they are hardly accepted since they are not univocal. For example one can mention different types of the proton acceptors for hydrogen bonds; one center electronegative atoms, multi-center acceptors such as đ-electrons or even ó-electrons. There are the other interactions which play the key role in various processes and phenomena. All are often named as no-covalent interactions but the other term, Lewis acid–Lewis base interactions seems to be more accurate. One can mention halogen bond, hydride bond or dihydrogen bond. These interactions may be treated as counterparts or competitors of hydrogen bond. The common characteristic for them, including hydrogen bond, is the electron charge transfer from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid. It was found that the amount of this transfer corresponds roughly to the strength of the interaction. In recent years the ó-hole concept was introduced and developed and it was applied to the Lewis base–Lewis acid interactions. According to this concept the atomic centers are characterized by the presence of the regions of positive and negative electrostatic potentials; very often both regions are detected even for atoms which are commonly known as electronegative ones. In such a way halogen atoms, especially if connected by covalent bond with carbon, may act as Lewis acids and also as Lewis bases. In the first case the halogen bond is formed, recently extensively studied. In this review the characteristics of different Lewis base–Lewis acid interactions are given as well as their common features are presented.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2011, 65, 11-12; 975-1001
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of cell adhesion molecule in cancer progression and its application in cancer therapy.
Autorzy:
Okegawa, Takatsugu
Pong, Rey-Chen
Li, Yingming
Hsieh, Jer-Tsong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043281.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
cancer gene therapy
gene
cell adhesion molecules
tumor progression
tumor suppressor
Opis:
Multiple and diverse cell adhesion molecules take part in intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions of cancer. Cancer progression is a multi-step process in which some adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in the development of recurrent, invasive, and distant metastasis. A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in the adhesion properties of neoplastic cells play a pivotal role in the development and progression of cancer. Loss of intercellular adhesion and the desquamation of cells from the underlying lamina propria allows malignant cells to escape from their site of origin, degrade the extracellular matrix, acquire a more motile and invasion phenotype, and finally, invade and metastasize. In addition to participating in tumor invasiveness and metastasis, adhesion molecules regulate or significantly contribute to a variety of functions including signal transduction, cell growth, differentiation, site-specific gene expression, morphogenesis, immunologic function, cell motility, wound healing, and inflammation. Cell adhesion molecule (CAM), a diverse system of transmembrane glycoproteins has been identified that mediates the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and also serves as the receptor for different kinds of virus. We summarize recent progress regarding the role of CAM, particularly, immunoglobulin-CAMs and cadherins in the progression of cancer and discuss the potential application of CAMs in the development of cancer therapy mainly on urogenital cancer.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2004, 51, 2; 445-457
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dynamics of biochemical markers of enzymoemia and middle-weight molecules in the early post-traumatic period of brain injury
Autorzy:
Ziablitsev, S. V.
Elskyy, V. N.
Pischulina, S. V.
Strelchenko, U. I.
Antonov, E. V.
Sudilovskaya, U. L.
Khudoley, S. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Tematy:
brain injury
biochemical markers
enzymoemia
middle-weight molecules
Opis:
In the experimental model of brain injury (BI) markers of enzymoemia (aminotransferases ALT and AST, alkaline and acid phosphatase (AlP and AcP), cathepsin D (CD)) and middle-weight molecules (MWM) were estimated. 3 hours after trauma there were increase of all enzymes that evidences about damage of cytoplasmic (ALT, AST, AlF) and lysosomal membranes (AcP, CD). During period of observation different dynamics of enzymatic changes occurred: plateau phase for ALT and CD and progressive increase of concentration with the maximum on the 5th day of the experiment for AlP and AcP. Increase of the level of MWM displayed the development of endogenous intoxication in the post-traumatic period. Relation between particular components of MWM was studied. It was shown that primary accumulation of nucleotide fraction and aromatic peptides is adverse factor of the course of post-traumatic period, development of endotoxicosis, and multiorgan failure.
Źródło:
Journal of Health Sciences; 2014, 4, 1; 297-302
1429-9623
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strukturalne konsekwencje wiązania wodorowego
Strustural consequences of the h-bonding
Autorzy:
Krygowski, T.M.
Szatyłowicz, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
wiązanie wodorowe
podstawione fenole
podstawione aniliny
aromatyczność
AIM
NBO
H-bond
substituted phenols
substituted anilines
aromaticity
atoms in molecules
natural bond orbital
NBO analysis
Opis:
Hydrogen bonding belongs to the most important chemical interactions in life and geochemical processes as well as in technologies, that is documented in many review articles [1-10], monographs [11-17] and numerous publications. Figure 1 presents how "popular" are studies concerning hydrogen bonds (the term H-bond/bonding/bonded in a title, key-words or in abstract) in the last decade. First information about H-bond formation appeared at the end of XIX and a few other at beginning of XX centuries [19-24]. Most common definition of H-bonding stems from Pauling [27], whereas the newest IUPAC definition was published very recently [26]. Most frequently H-bonding is experimentally described by geometry parameters [28, 32] - results of X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements, but NMR and IR/Raman spectroscopies are also in frequent use. Characteristic of interactions by H-bonding is usually discussed in terms of energies [29-31], with use of various quantum chemical theories [54-57] and applications of various models as AIM [35, 41, 42, 45-48] and NBO [43, 44] which allowed to formulate detailed criteria for H-bond characteristics [35, 48]. H-bonds are classified as strong, mostly covalent in nature [7, 29, 34], partly covalent of medium strength [35] and weak ones, usually non-covalent [7, 29, 34, 35]. Theoretical studies of H-bonding mainly concern equilibrium systems, however simulation of H-bonded complexes with controlled and gradually changing strength of interactions [61-71] are also performed. The latter is main source of data referring to effect of H-bonding on structural properties: changes in the region of interactions, short and long-distance consequences of H-bonding. Application of the model [61] based on approaching hydrofluoric acid to the basic center of a molecule and fluoride to the acidic one, (Schemes 2 and 3) allows to study changes in molecular structure of para-substituted derivatives of phenol and phenolate [62, 64] in function of dB…H, or other geometric parameter of H-bond strength (Fig. 2). It is also shown that CO bond lengths in these complexes is monotonically related to H-bond formation energy and deformation energy due to H-bond formation [65]. Alike studies carried out for para-substituted derivatives of aniline and its protonated and deprotonated forms [77, 78, 81] give similar picture (Fig. 3). AIM studies of anilines [77, 78] lead to an excellent dependence of logarithm of electron density in the bond critical point and geometric parameter of H-bond strength, dB…H presented in Figure 4. Substituents and H-bond formation affect dramatically geometry of amine group [66] in H-bonded complexes of aniline as shown by changes of pyramidalization of bonds in amine group (Fig. 5). Some short- and long-distance structural consequences of H-bonding are shown by means of changes in ipso angle (for amine group) in the ring and ipso-ortho CC bond lengths (Fig. 6). Moreover, the mutual interrelations are in line with the Bent-Walsh rule [84, 86]. Changes of the strength of H-bonds in complexes of p-substituted aniline and its protonated and deprotonated derivative are dramatically reflected by aromaticity of the ring66 estimated by use of HOMA index [87, 88] (Fig. 7), where strength of H-bonding is approximated by CN bond lengths. Scheme 4 presents application of the SESE [91] (Substituent Effect Stabilization Energy) for description in an energetic scale joint substituent and H-bond formation effects.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2011, 65, 11-12; 953-974
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some results of an analysis of polyhydric alcohols effect on detoxication processes
Autorzy:
Konovchuk, V.
Andrushchak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
severe sepsis
rheosorbilact
endotoxicosis
medium weight molecules
Opis:
Rheosorbilact action on antitoxic function of the kidneys has been analysed using the values of medium weight molecules in patients with severe sepsis. The study design includes the criteria of inclusion, exclusion and cessation. Patients with pyoceptic complications (mainly surgical abdominal sepsis) with signs of severe endotoxicosis, dopaminergic activity (5-10 mcg/kg min), biochemical criteria of SS (lactate >4 mmole/l, С-reactive protein >2 standard departures from the norm) and other signs of severe sepsis with generalized disorders in homeostasis (assessing the multiple organ damage course by H.Celye-I.A. Yeriuhin scale- 20-27 points, MODS scale – 6-10 points) corresponded to the inclusion criterion. All patients were provided with appropriate debridement and intensive traditional therapy. For control studies we involved patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome who had 2-3 signs of SIRS in stage A. It was found that rheosorbilact activates the transportation of medium weight molecules out of the extracellular space and increases their excretion by the renal nephrons in patients with severe sepsis. It was established that in severe sepsis rheosorbilact provides a high level of excretion of medium weight molecules by suppressing processes of reabsorption in the proximal nephron portions caused by peptidase dependent metabolism.
Źródło:
Health Problems of Civilization; 2015, 09, 2; 35-38
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:
Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected small molecules as inducers of pluripotency
Autorzy:
Baranek, Małgorzata
Markiewicz, Wojciech
Barciszewski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
reprogramming
pluripotency
small molecules
iPSCs
Opis:
The general idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with live and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of indefinite self-renewal and differentiation into all cell types of the body. An easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may allow obtaining and culturing tissues in vitro. Many approaches in the methods leading to obtain iPSCs have been tested in order to limit immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, and to increase efficiency. One of the approaches causing pluripotency is usage of small molecule compounds. It would be of great importance to assess their specific properties and reveal their new capacity to induce pluripotent stem cells and to improve reprogramming efficiency. Identification of the epigenetic changes during cellular reprogramming will extend our understanding of stem cell biology and many therapeutic applications. In this paper we discuss mainly the nucleotide derivatives, already proven or for now only putative inducers of the cells' pluripotency, that modulate the epigenetic status of the cell.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2016, 63, 4; 709-716
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resonance contributions to low-energy electron collisions with molecular hydrogen
Autorzy:
Horácek, J.
Cížek, M.
Houfek, K.
Kolorenc, P.
Pichl, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron scattering
molecules
attachment
vibrational excitation
Opis:
Calculations of electron dissociative attachment and vibrational excitation of molecular hydrogen by low-energy electrons based on an improved nonlocal resonance model are reported. The role of the rotational excitation of the target molecules is discussed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 2; 109-112
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulatory function of parasites in autoimmune disease – outcome from experimental model infection
Autorzy:
Krawczak, Katarzyna
Donskow-Łysoniewska, Katarzyna
Doligalska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
immunoparasitology
animal model
helminth
autoimmune disorders
parasite driven molecules
Opis:
It is estimated that more than half of the nowadays known species are pathogenic parasites. Among macroparasites gastrointestinal nematodes are one of most common and having significant impact on life and health. Those organisms reveal strong, specific immune response in host, involving primary mechanisms associated with regulatory and Th2 cells. Referring to immunomodulatory abilities of helminths, parasite infections started to be considered as a possible therapy for many autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials on 2nd and 3rd stage are conducted in spite that treatment has not been recognized as safe for common use. Despite that the safety of treatment with parasites is still controversial and widely discussed. Our knowledge about mechanisms used by helminth to moderate immune response is still inadequate to predict possible effect of long lasting parasite infection on individual patients.
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 2017, 63, 1; 7-14
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Redoksowe przemiany oscylacyjne diftalocyjanin lantanowców pod wpływem protonodonorów i elektronoakceptorów
Oscillating redox transformations of lanthanide diphthalocyanines due to proton donors and electron acceptors
Autorzy:
Wacławek, W.
Dyrda, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
przemiany oscylacyjne molekuł
termodynamika nieliniowa
diftalocyjaniny
procesy redoks
oscillating transformation of molecules
nonlinear thermodynamics
diphthalocyanines
redox processes
Opis:
Diftalocyjaniny lantanowców LnPc2 (Ln = Nd, Eu, Gd lub Yb, Pc = (C32H16N8)2-) w obecności substancji elektronoakceptorowych (SE) w roztworze N,N-dimetyloformamidu (DMF) ulegają jedno- lub dwuelektronowemu utlenieniu. Reakcja w układzie LnPc2-SE-DMF jest procesem składającym się z kilku etapów, którym towarzyszą zmiany barwy układu. Początkowo niebieski roztwór (forma niebieska, [LnPc2]-) pod wpływem SE przechodzi w elektrycznie obojętną formę zieloną, LnPc2, a następnie w pomarańczową, [LnPc2]+. Po pewnym czasie następuje odtwarzanie formy zielonej. Z chwilą osiągnięcia maksimum intensywności formy zielonej następuje powrót do (niebieskiej) formy zredukowanej. Przemiany zachodzą samorzutnie. Można je opisać w ramach termodynamiki procesów nieodwracalnych. Szybkość tworzenia form przejściowych zależy od rodzaju zastosowanej substancji elektronoakceptorowej i jej stężenia.
Lanthanide diphthalocyanines LnPc2 (Ln = Nd, Eu, Gd and Yb; Pc = (C32H16N8)2-) in the presence of H+, SnCl4, SO2 or NOx in DMF(N,N-dimethylformamide) solutions undergo cyclic, spontaneous, oscillating redox transformations accompanied by colour changes. These transformations are described in terms of nonlinear thermodynamics. The rate of those transformations is determined by the nature and concentration of chemical substance used to initiate them, as well as on UV irradiation.
Źródło:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2006, 11, 1-2; 21-33
2084-4506
Pojawia się w:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quorum Sensing Materials as New Ligand for Palladium Catalyzed Migita-Kosugi-Stille Polycondensation
Autorzy:
Wang, A.
Toyofuku, M.
Nomura, N.
Goto, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
signal molecules
quorum sensing
Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling
π-conjugated polymers
Opis:
Signal molecules for quorum sensing are employed for ligands to palladium. The complex can be used as a catalyst. Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reactions are driven by using a series of N-(3- oxo-acyl)-L-homoserine lactones as ligands coordinating with Pd. Catalysis of [Pd-(signal molecules for quorum sensing), or Pd/QS] allows production of conjugated polymers with light-emitting functions.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 13, 1; 62-70
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
QS – systems communication of Gram-positive bacterial cells
Autorzy:
Ziemichód, Alicja
Skotarczak, Bogumiła
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1386088.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Quorum sensing
Gram-positive bacteria
signaling molecules
gene expression
competence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis
virulence of Staphylococcus aureus
quorum sensing
bakterie Gram dodatnie
cząsteczki sygnałowe
ekspresja genów
kompetencja Streptococcus pneumoniae i Bacillus subtilis
wirulencja Staphylococcus aureus
Opis:
In Gram-positive bacteria, cell-to-cell communication, also called quorum sensing (QS) mainly is dependent on extracellular signaling oligopeptide pheromones, which stimulate a response either indirectly, by activating a two-component phosphorelay, or directly, by binding to cytoplasmic effectors. The oligopeptide pheromones production and secretion are initiated in response to specific environmental stimuli or stresses. These pheromones are biosynthesized through different pathways and some have unusual functional chemistry as a result of posttranslational modifications. In the cells of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae this system controls the acquisition of the state of competence, while in Staphylococcus aureus it regulates virulence. The review aims at giving an updated overview of these peptide-dependant communication pathways.
U bakterii Gram dodatnich komunikacja od komórki do komórki, zwana także guorum sensing (QS) jest przede wszystkim zależna od zewnątrzkomórkowych sygnałowych oligopeptydowych feromonów, które stymulują odpowiedź także pośrednio poprzez aktywowanie dwuskładnikowych fosforanów lub bezpośrednio przez wiązanie efektorów cytoplazmatycznych. Wytwarzanie i wydzielanie feromonów oligopeptydowych jest inicjowane w odpowiedzi na specyficzne czynniki środowiskowe lub stres. Feromony są syntetyzowane różnymi drogami a niektóre mają jeszcze dodatkową funkcję chemiczną jako wynik modyfikacji potranslacyjnej. W komórkach Bacillus subtilis i Streptococcus pneumoniae ten system kontroluje nabycie stanu kompetencji, natomiast u Staphylococcus aureus reguluje wirulencję. Celem pracy był przegląd aktualnych danych dotyczących peptydozależnych dróg komunikacji.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica; 2017, 24; 51-56
2450-8330
2353-3013
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical meaning temperature of gas and separate molecule
Autorzy:
Golovkin, B. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
distribution of molecules by temperature
gas cell
mean free path
temperature of a molecule
Opis:
Starting from the equation of state of the Clapeyron gas, it is shown that the temperature of a monatomic molecule of radius and mass moving with velocity is equal to , where: l are the length of a molecule without collisions, the Boltzmann constant, the kinetic energy of the molecule. The physical meaning of the temperature of a molecule should be understood as the kinetic energy that it has in the path without collisions l. The dimension of temperature coincides with the size of energy, but quantitatively the energy differs by the presence of a dimensionless factor , characterizing the motion of a molecule in fractions of its radius. Based on the temperatures of the individual molecules and their relative amounts contained in the gas, a formula is proposed for the overall gas temperature, for any, even nonequilibrium, distribution. The physical meaning of the gas temperature is determined by the product of the mean kinetic energy, the average mean free path of its molecules, and their size.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 94, 2; 313-320
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Owrzodzenia podudzi i trudno gojące się rany
Venous ulcers and difficult-to-heal wounds
Autorzy:
Citko, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-01
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Medyk sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
venous ulcers
difficult-to-heal wounds
TIME strategy
TIAB molecules
owrzodzenia podudzi
rany trudno gojące się
strategia TIME
molekuła TIAB
Opis:
In Poland, the most common types of difficult-to-heal wounds include: venous ulcers, pressure ulcers, ulcers associated with the diabetic foot syndrome, ischemic (arterial) ulcers and neoplastic wounds. In the local management of chronic wounds, the TIME strategy should be used (T – tissue and debridement – tissue preparation; I – infection and inflammation control – infection and inflammation control; M – moisture balance – wound moisture balance; E – edges – wound edges – no healing progress or undermining the edge of the wound and epidermization stimulation). The TIME strategy pays particular attention to reducing the risk of wound infection. The treatment of TIAB molecules [titanum argentum-benzoicum] in the treatment of chronic wound infection may be among the measures taken to reduce the risk of chronic wound infection. The introduction of nanotechnology and the combination of ionic silver nanoparticles with titanium dioxide by covalent bonds in the TIAB complex, revolutionized the effect of silver, many times increasing its antibacterial and antifungal properties, and removing its toxic effect by preventing accumulation in tissues. The precipitation of metallic silver from ionic compounds resulted in the loss of activity of the preparations and, with prolonged use, could lead to tissue damage. The patented form of TIAB silver on the titanium core has only an ionic / stable form of silver which is not reduced by exposure to light, as well as organic and inorganic compounds. TIAB silver is available in the form of a spray and cream, and has a proven effect on pressure ulcers and ulcers that heal difficult to heal. At the same time, it does not show any allergy to silver with prolonged use. The use of the TIAB molecule in the treatment of ulcers with symptoms of colonization was presented at the congress of the European Wound Treatment Society in 2012 in Vienna as a new and highly effective solution.
Źródło:
Lek w Polsce; 2022, 373, 06; 8-14
2353-8597
Pojawia się w:
Lek w Polsce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oddziaływanie elektronów z cząsteczkami o biologicznym znaczeniu
Interaction of electrons with biologically relevant molecules
Autorzy:
Kopyra, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
dysocjacyjny wychwyt elektronów
spektrometria mas
jony ujemne
cząsteczki o biologicznym znaczeniu
dissociative electron attachment
mass spectrometry
negative ions
biologically relevant molecules
Opis:
Recent years have witnessed an increase of the interest in the studies of the interaction of electrons with biologically relevant molecules. This has been mainly motivated by the seminal work, where it has been demonstrated that low energy electrons can induce single and double strand breaks in DNA in the energy range below the level of ionization. Since the damage profile as a function of electron energy showed pronounced resonances it was proposed that resonant electron capture could occur at particular molecular components of the DNA as the initial step towards strand breaks. From a series of experiments on electron attachment to DNA building blocks (nucleobases, the sugar moiety and the phosphate unit) became obvious that they effectively capture electrons leading to the formation of low energy resonances associated with the decomposition of the corresponding molecule. Recent dissociative electron attachment experiments on an entire gas phase nucleotide 2’-deoxycytidine-5´-monophosphate give also insight into the molecular mechanism involved, which comprises both direct electron attachment to the backbone and transfer of the excess electron from cytosine to the backbone resulting in single strand breaks. The results further allow an estimate of the relative contribution of these different mechanisms to single strand breaks.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 9-10; 893-907
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 48

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