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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Old Age in Communist Poland: Preliminary Research Questions
    Autorzy:
    Jarosz, Dariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601757.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    old age
    old-age pensioners
    minimum subsistence level
    income
    household
    communist Poland
    Opis:
    The article attempts at determining the most important factors shaping the social situation of aged people in Poland in the period 1945–89, seeking to describe, in vast amounts of detail, the demographic diversity (size of population concerned, gender categorisation, numerical amounts by age), residence (urban or rural region) as well as living conditions, health, and education status of the population concerned. Research has shown that the social security system in force played an increasing role in the shaping of the material situation of the elderly: in 1989 some 50 per cent retirement-aged people took advantage of its offer. That this system remained the basis for livelihoods of a definite majority of aged people in the 1980s primarily ensued from the extension of the farmer’s retirement and disability pension system. Nonetheless, a considerable group of elderly people (amounting to several dozen per cent, though estimates vary) received income below the minimum subsistence figure until the end of 1989 – thus remaining condemned to poverty and the need to seek for other, extra sources of income, such as assistance from family or acquaintances, gainful labour, and/or social protection.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2014, 110
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne gospodarstw domowych w Polsce na podstawie wskaźnika minimum socjalnego i minimum egzystencji
    Autorzy:
    Gębska, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811314.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    minimum egzystencji
    economic security
    subsistence level
    minimum of existence
    poverty
    Opis:
    Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne jest jednym z głównych obszarów zainteresowania każdego człowieka, gospodarstwa domowego i państwa. Samo ubóstwo może być rozumiane w różnorodny sposób, nie tylko poprzez subiektywizm tej kategorii, ale również przez różne sposoby obliczania kosztów utrzymania i podstawowych potrzeb. Artykuł ukazuje minimum socjalne i minimum egzystencji jako główne kategorie służące do pomiaru poziomu życia w Polsce, ich części składowe oraz wady i zalety z ich stosowania. Na podstawie wskaźników została dokonana próba oceny bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego polskich gospodarstw domowych.
    Economic security is the major area of interest of every human being, household and state. Poverty itself may be understood in various ways, because of the subjectivity of this category and also by various ways of calculation of the living costs and essential needs of the population. The article shows the subsistence level and minimum of existence as the main Categories, which are useful to measure the standard of living of the population in Poland, their components, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of those indicators an attempt at making an appraisal of economic security in Poland was undertaken.
    Źródło:
    DOCTRINA. Studia Społeczno-Polityczne; 2017, 14, 14; 65-83
    1730-0274
    Pojawia się w:
    DOCTRINA. Studia Społeczno-Polityczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Efficiency of Social Policy in Ukraine: Challenges and Prospects
    Autorzy:
    Ventsel, Viktor
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933232.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    social policy
    remuneration
    minimum wage
    subsistence level
    social protection
    Opis:
    The article considers pertinent issues related to social policymaking and its implementation in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on remuneration as the key element of ensuring citizens’ welfare and economic development of the state. Remuneration plays one of the most important roles in the economic system and ensuring a decent standard of living. The wage reflects the employee’s welfare level and should be correlated with the qualification level and productivity in the production spheres or determined according to the set qualification criteria, quality assessment system and efficiency of employees in non-production spheres. Low remuneration standards and low correlation between wages and productivity affect the motivation of the workforce and reduce its economic and labour activity. The analysis of the minimum wage and subsistence level as the categories defining the status and directions of economic and social policy of the state has been performed. The minimum wage has a decisive influence on many social and economic processes. A significant issue in Ukraine is that establishing the minimum wage in the legislation is made without objective analysis and taking into account the financial and economic conditions that should be the basis for the state social policymaking. The minimum wage directly affects the volume and structure of the expenditure part of state and local budgets, as it is one of the basic elements for making the payroll of budgetary institutions and organizations. For business structures, the minimum wage is an indicator that reflects the economic and social policy of the state, as well as a microeconomic category that affects their current business activities and the production and financial strategy making. Some aspects of the current social protection system in Ukraine have been described. One of the main issues in Ukraine is the excessive number of legislative acts regulating social protection matters. Another important issue is that a significant number of benefits and social transfers, which are stipulated in the legislation and guaranteed to the citizens, cannot be implemented due to lack of financial resources in the state budget. Today, one of the priority tasks of the state policy is to address issues of reforming the social protection system and the introduction of new efficient mechanisms for financing and managing the social services system. It has been noted about the need to develop and set in the legislation a system of social standards and norms, as well as the development of a standardised mechanism for determining the minimum wage and subsistence level based on and depending on the socio-economic development indicators.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2020, 11; 68-82
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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