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Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
Tytuł:
Burglary in the context of contactless transactions: comments on the Supreme Court judgment of 22 March 2017, III KK 349/16
Autorzy:
Kruk, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1341255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
kradzież z włamaniem
transakcja zbliżeniowa
cudza karta płatnicza
minimalne zabezpieczenie
burglary
contactless payment
another person's payment card
minimum protection
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of burglary in the Polish criminal law, with a particular emphasis on the legal qualification of illicit contactless transactions perform ed using another person’s payment card. The judgment of the Polish Supreme Court of 22 March 2017, III KK 349/16, has been the starting point and the basis for the analysis. According to the judgment, a payment card transaction performed by an unauthorised person using contactless technology, which does not require an access code, constitutes the crime of burglary. In the first part of this paper, the author outlines the evolution of the term “burglary” in the Polish criminal law, with an emphasis on the constituent elements of burglary as developed in judicial practice and in the criminal law doctrine. The second part is directly concerned with the court case mentioned in the title. It contains commentaries on the Supreme Court judgment based on the conclusions reached in the first part of the paper. In the final remarks, the author makes an assessment of the legal qualification adopted by the Supreme Court in its judgment. The importance of the element of burglary that consists in breaking at least a minimum protection when committing the crime is emphasized. A juxtaposition of the solution adopted by the Court with the requirements of the nullum crimen sine lege certa principle leads to postulating a need for legislative intervention in the matter.
Artykuł ma na celu analizę pojęcia „włamanie” w polskim prawie karnym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwalifikacji prawnej nieuprawnionych transakcji zbliżeniowych cudzą kartą płatniczą. Bezpośrednią inspiracją i zarazem osią niniejszego tekstu jest wyrok Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 22 marca 2017 r., sygn. akt. III KK 349/16. Stwierdzono w nim, że zapłata kartą płatniczą przez nieuprawnionego dokonana w sposób zbliżeniowy, niewymagający podania kodu dostępu, wypełnia znamiona przestępstwa kradzieży z włamaniem. Pierwsza część artykułu zarysowuje ewolucję pojęcia „włamanie” w polskim prawie karnym, z naciskiem położonym na wypracowane przez orzecznictwo i doktrynę karnistyczną elementy konstytutywne kradzieży z włamaniem. Druga część pracy odnosi się bezpośrednio do powołanego wyroku, stanowiąc jego komentarz w świetle wniosków wyciągniętych z części pierwszej. Uwagi końcowe poddają ocenie kwalifikację prawną dokonaną przez Sąd Najwyższy w analizowanej sprawie, akcentując wagę elementu przełamania co najmniej minimalnego zabezpieczenia. Zestawienie rozwiązania przyjętego przez Sąd z wymogami zasady nullum crimen sine lege certa prowadzi do wyrażenia potrzeby prawnego uregulowania omawianej kwestii.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2019, 13, 4; 73-92
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Efficiency of Social Policy in Ukraine: Challenges and Prospects
Autorzy:
Ventsel, Viktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933232.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
social policy
remuneration
minimum wage
subsistence level
social protection
Opis:
The article considers pertinent issues related to social policymaking and its implementation in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on remuneration as the key element of ensuring citizens’ welfare and economic development of the state. Remuneration plays one of the most important roles in the economic system and ensuring a decent standard of living. The wage reflects the employee’s welfare level and should be correlated with the qualification level and productivity in the production spheres or determined according to the set qualification criteria, quality assessment system and efficiency of employees in non-production spheres. Low remuneration standards and low correlation between wages and productivity affect the motivation of the workforce and reduce its economic and labour activity. The analysis of the minimum wage and subsistence level as the categories defining the status and directions of economic and social policy of the state has been performed. The minimum wage has a decisive influence on many social and economic processes. A significant issue in Ukraine is that establishing the minimum wage in the legislation is made without objective analysis and taking into account the financial and economic conditions that should be the basis for the state social policymaking. The minimum wage directly affects the volume and structure of the expenditure part of state and local budgets, as it is one of the basic elements for making the payroll of budgetary institutions and organizations. For business structures, the minimum wage is an indicator that reflects the economic and social policy of the state, as well as a microeconomic category that affects their current business activities and the production and financial strategy making. Some aspects of the current social protection system in Ukraine have been described. One of the main issues in Ukraine is the excessive number of legislative acts regulating social protection matters. Another important issue is that a significant number of benefits and social transfers, which are stipulated in the legislation and guaranteed to the citizens, cannot be implemented due to lack of financial resources in the state budget. Today, one of the priority tasks of the state policy is to address issues of reforming the social protection system and the introduction of new efficient mechanisms for financing and managing the social services system. It has been noted about the need to develop and set in the legislation a system of social standards and norms, as well as the development of a standardised mechanism for determining the minimum wage and subsistence level based on and depending on the socio-economic development indicators.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 11; 68-82
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona praw ofiar przestępstw na gruncie przepisów Unii Europejskiej w świetle dyrektywy 2012/29/UE
The protection of rights of the victims of crimes in light of the directive 2012/29/EU
Autorzy:
Kolendowska-Matejczuk, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
rights of the victims of crimes
minimum standards
support and protection of victims of crime
Opis:
The protection of rights of the victims of crimes is becoming issues, which has a more and more great significance in the European Union which since the time of the entry into force of the Treaty from Lisbon gained effective measures of the harmonization of national legislations of Member States in the recent time in the area of the criminal law by establishing the minimum standards. This publication is presenting the most important regulations of the directive of 2012/29 of the EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. The publication is pointing at regulations of the directive which at present aren’t fully fulfilled in the Polish legal system, what can cause certain problems in the process of the implementation of the directive in Poland.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 2; 61-71
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Publicznoprawny status jednostki skrajnie ubogiej – rozważania dra Adama Ploszki nad statusem prawnym jednostki
Public law status of an extremely poor person – a review of Adam Ploszka’s doctoral monography
Autorzy:
Juranek, Alexander Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-20
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
ubóstwo
osoby ubogie
ochrona ubogich
prawo podmiotowe
prawo do sądu
minimum egzystencji
prawo administracyjne
prawa człowieka
prawo międzynarodowe
poverty
the poor
protection of the poor
subjective rights
right to a court
minimum subsistence
administrative law
human rights
international law
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odniesienie się do rozważań Autora przedstawionych w monografii doktorskiej pt. „Publicznoprawny status jednostki skrajnie ubogiej”. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowana zostanie trafność postawionych hipotez i pytań badawczych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aktualności wyprowadzanych wniosków w kontekście bieżącej sytuacji społecznej i ekonomicznej w Polsce. Druga część poświęcona została rozważaniom o charakterze stricte merytorycznym – od analizy rozwiązań mających przeciwdziałać ubóstwu na poziomie globalnym, przez poziom regionalny (europejski), na poziomie krajowym (konstytucyjnym) skończywszy. Na tym etapie nastąpi również odwołanie do sugerowanego przez Autora standardu ochrony praw jednostki skrajnie ubogiej. W kolejnej części przeanalizowany zostanie zakres rozbieżności pomiędzy sugerowanym przez Autora „minimalnym standardem” ochrony a sytuacją faktyczną i prawną osób ubogich. Wnioski w tym zakresie będą szczególnie użyteczne dla praktyki stosowania prawa.
The main purpose of this article is to refer to the Author’s considerations presented in his doctoral monography entitled “Public law status of an extremely poor person”. First of all, the appropriateness of the research hypotheses and questions adopted by the Author will be analysed with particular emphasis attached to the validity of the conclusions drawn in the context of the current social and economic situation in Poland. The second part is dedicated to considerations of a „strictly content-related nature”: from the analysis of solutions to counteract poverty at the global level, through the regional (European) level, to the national (constitutional) level. At this stage, reference will also be made to the standard of protection of the rights of the extremely poor suggested by the Author. The next part will analyse the extent of the discrepancies between the ‘minimum standard’ of protection suggested by the Author and the factual and legal situation of the poor. Conclusions in this area will be particularly useful for law application practice.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2020, 4, XX; 321-335
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Minimum standards and essential needs in the protection of Syrian refugees in Turkey
Autorzy:
Kuruçaylioğlu, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30146025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
essential needs
family reunification
mass influx
minimum standards
right to adequate housing
right to an adequate standard of living
Syrian refugees in Turkey
temporary protection regime
Opis:
UNHCR Executive Committee resolutions had recognized the rights of refugees and asylum seekers in mass influx and many bilateral international conventions, treaties, and agreements. The following rights have also emerged within UNHCR Executive Committee decisions, international human rights law, and international law. The significant central rights and the principle of law towards refugee and asylum seekers which are considered as the minimum standards are: 1) non-refoulement principles, 2) right to life, 3) right to protection from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, 4) provision of an individual legal status, 5) right to asylum, 6) prohibition of discrimination, 7) right to liberty and security of person, 8) freedom of residence and movement, 9) family reunification, 10) right to an adequate standard of living, and 11) right to adequate housing. Until September 2020, Turkey had been a host country for 3,621,968 Syrian refugees1 who are located in eighty-one cities. Turkey applies the family reunification policy towards the refugees. However, because of the large number of Syrians, Turkish authorities struggle with providing adequate living and housing standards. Thus, the article will elaborate on the most crucial elements from the humanitarian point of view, that is family reunification, right to an adequate standard of living, and right to acceptable housing standards applied towards the Syrian refugees in Turkey in virtue of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (1982), Law on Foreigners and International Protection No. 6458 of 2013, and Temporary Protection Regulation (2014).
Źródło:
Studia Administracyjne; 2022, 16, 2; 17-28
2080-5209
2353-284X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona zdrowia pracujących na statkach morskich w prawie międzynarodowym
Health protection of maritime vessel employees under International Law
Autorzy:
Jochymczyk, A.
Czapka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/271486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda
Tematy:
ochrona zdrowia pracujących na statkach
bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy na statkach
minimalne normy na statkach handlowych
standards health protection of seafarers
occupational safety and health on ships
merchant shipping minimum
Opis:
Pracownicy zatrudnieni na statkach morskich od zawsze narażeni byli na różnego rodzaju niebezpieczeństwa. Dlatego tak ważne jest wprowadzanie przepisów prawa, mających na celu ochronę zdrowia marynarzy. W artykule omówiono wybrane przepisy prawa zawarte w konwencjach Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy, dotyczące pomieszczenia załogi na statkach oraz minimalnych norm na statkach handlowych. Wskazano również na konieczność uwzględnienia przy omawianiu ochrony zdrowia załóg statków innych konwencji, które w sposób pośredni dotyczą poruszanego problemu.
Ship workers have always been exposed to various dangers. Hence the importance of introducing legislation designed to protect the health of seafarers. The article presents selected regulations contained in the International Labour Organization Conventions in terms of manning vessels, accommodation on board, and minimum standards in merchant shipping. It also points to the necessity of taking into consideration - when discussing health protection and the manning of ships - other conventions, which are indirectly related to the issue.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecology and Health; 2011, R. 15, nr 6, 6; 283-289
2082-2634
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecology and Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybór prawa dla umowy o pracę. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 15 lipca 2021 r. w sprawach połączonych DG, EH c/a SC Gruber Logistics SRL (C-152/20) oraz Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD c/a SC Samidani Trans
The gloss to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 1 July 2021 in the joined cases of DG, EH v. SC Gruber Logistics SRL (C-152/20) and Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD v. SC Samidani Trans SRL (C-218/20)
Autorzy:
Kurowski, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20745505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-29
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
a choice of law to the individual employment contract
the law applicable to the individual employment contract in the absence of a choice
an employee’s protection, a concept of „provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement”
the minimum wage
Rome I Regulation
Opis:
This paper comments on a recent ruling concerning the choice of law to the individual employment contract according to the Rome I Regulation. In the judgement in the joined cases C–152/20 and C–218/20 (DG, EH v. SC Gruber Logistics SRL and Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD v. SC Samidani Trans SRL), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) provided the interpretation of Article 8 of the Rome I Regulation on two issues. At first, the EU Court was asked about the freedom of choice of law applicable to the individual employment contract if (a) national law required the inclusion of a clause into that contract under which the contractual provisions are supplemented by national law and (b) the contractual clause concerning that choice was drafted by the employer. The second issue was connected with the concept of the employee’s protection, under which the choice of law may not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him (her) by provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement, under the law that would have been applicable to the contract in the absence of choice. Regarding the first question, the CJEU admitted that the parties to an individual employment contract dispose of freedom to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual provisions are supplemented by national labour law under a (relevant) national provision, if “the national provision in question does not require the parties to choose national law as the law applicable to that contract”. Secondly, the Court found that the parties to an individual employment contract were “to be regarded as being, in principle, free to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual clause concerning that choice is drafted by the employer”. Therefore, the CJEU confirmed the application of the rules concerning the choice of law resulting from Article 3 of the Rome I Regulation to the individual employment contracts. Referring to the second issue of the commented ruling, the CJEU confirmed that Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation must be interpreted as meaning that, where the parties have chosen the law governing the individual employment contract, the application of the law that would apply to the contract in the absence of choice must be excluded, with the exception of “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement”, if those provisions offer the employee concerned greater protection than those of the law chosen by the parties. The EU Court underlined that rules on the minimum wage could be treated as “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement” and the law that, in the absence of choice, would be applicable should decide about it. Unfortunately, it is necessary to follow the commented judgment’s justification to correctly understand the concept of an employee’s protection applied in Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation. The thesis of the ruling in this regard seems to be too laconic, and it can be misinterpreted. 
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego; 2021, 29; 169-190
1896-7604
2353-9852
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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