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    Tytuł:
    Zmiany miazszosci i udzialu klas jakosci drewna wielkowymiarowego sosnowego w zaleznosci od rodzaju manipulacji dluzyc
    Changes in the volume and proportion of large-sized pine wood quality classes in relation to the type of log manipulation
    Autorzy:
    Witkowska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    surowce drzewne
    drewno sosnowe
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    dluzyce
    klody
    srednica
    miazszosc drewna
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2010, 71, 3; 311-314
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Określenie współczynników zamiennych dla drewna wielkowymiarowego kłodowanego sosnowego i świerkowego
    Determination of conversion factors for pine and spruce logs in stacks
    Autorzy:
    Witkowska, J.
    Jodlowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46096.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    drewno sosnowe
    drewno swierkowe
    stosy drewna
    miazszosc drewna
    pomiary drewna
    wspolczynniki zamienne
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2019, 80, 3
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Określenie współczynników zamiennych dla wybranych długości drewna średniowymiarowego sosnowego i świerkowego grupy S2
    Determining conversion factors for medium-sized pine and spruce wood
    Autorzy:
    Witkowska, J.
    Jodlowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46354.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drewno sosnowe
    drewno swierkowe
    drewno sredniowymiarowe
    stosy drewna
    miazszosc drewna
    pomiary
    wspolczynniki zamienne
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2018, 79, 1
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fotooptyczny pomiar drewna w stosie
    Photo-optical timber stack measurement
    Autorzy:
    Pachuta, Aleksandra
    Chojnacki, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/883208.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-04-30
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
    Tematy:
    drewno
    pomiary drewna
    drewno stosowe
    komputerowa analiza obrazu
    miazszosc drewna
    timber stack
    timber measurement
    computer image analysis
    timber thickness
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono trzy systemy do automatycznego pomiaru stosu drewna: iFOVEA, Timbeter oraz Dralle. Pierwsze dwa systemy wykorzystują tablety lub smartfony, trzeci wymaga wyposażenia, które stanowią lampy i wysokiej jakości kamery, umieszczone na dachu samochodu, połączone z przenośnym komputerem. Zaletami aplikacji iFOVEA i Timbeter są małe wymiary i łatwa obsługa. Zaletami systemu Dralle jest duża dokładność i niezależność od warunków pogodowych oraz możliwość pracy nawet nocą.
    The article presents three systems for automatic measurement of the timber stacks: iFOVEA, Timbeter and Dralle. The first of two systems use tablets or smartphones, the equipment of the third one is composed of lamps and high quality cameras placed on the roof of the car, connected to portable computer. The advantages of the iFOVEAand Timbeter applications are connected with small dimensions and easy operation. The advantages of the Dralle system are related to high accuracy and independence from weather conditions and the ability to work even at night.
    Źródło:
    Technika Rolnicza Ogrodnicza Leśna; 2018, 2; 14-16
    1732-1719
    2719-4221
    Pojawia się w:
    Technika Rolnicza Ogrodnicza Leśna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena dokładności określania miąższości kłód przez harwestery wyposażone w system Opti4G
    Evaluation of logs, volume determination by harvesters equipped with Opti4G software
    Autorzy:
    Tomusiak, R.
    Ludwisiak, L.
    Moskalik, T.
    Golebiowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/882705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    klody
    miazszosc drewna
    pomiary
    harwestery
    wyposazenie techniczne
    systemy pomiarowe
    system Opti4G
    dokladnosc pomiaru
    bledy pomiarowe
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2014, 16, 2B[39]
    1509-1414
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problematyka pomiarów oraz określania miąższości martwego drewna na kołowych powierzchniach próbnych
    Measurement and calculation of the volume of deadwood on circular sampling plots
    Autorzy:
    Bujoczek, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989747.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    powierzchnie probne kolowe
    drewno martwe
    miazszosc drewna
    pomiary drewna
    metody pomiarow
    coarse woody debris
    snags
    shape
    decomposition
    field methods
    volume determination
    Opis:
    The paper analyzes two methods of deadwood (DW) measurements on circular sampling plots. In the first method, the volume of DW is measured within the circumference of the sampling plot irrespective of the fact whether the live tree was located inside or outside the plot. The other method requires the measurement of only that DW, which can be attributed to trees that originally grew within the sampling plot. This requires identification all debris fragments originating from those trees both within and outside the sampling plot. Additionally, the paper compares the results obtained using Smalin's and Huber's formulas and discusses the influence of decomposition stage on the calculated volume of lying deadwood. Measurements were conducted in two stands. In each of them 20 circular sampling plots (4 or 5 ares) were established. In both stands, the second investigated measurement method led to a lower mean DW volume (by 6.3% and 27.2%). In practice, it was very difficult to identify DW from the outside of the sampling plots as high trees growing close to the plot had their fragments lying up to several dozen meters away. If a tree was very fragmented upon falling, it was difficult to find all the relevant pieces of DW and determine whether they derived from the sampling plot or not. The volume of lying DW calculated according to Smalin's formula was by 5% higher. In case of 7.7% of the 194 inventoried fragments of lying DW the transverse cross−section changed from circular to misshapen. The application of formulas accounting for decomposition decreased the calculated volume of lying DW by 5.1%. Taking into consideration the time−effectiveness and accuracy of measurements, it has been found that for most stands the best method is to measure the ends of DW pieces, calculating the length of segments from polar coordinates (using the measurement principles presented in the figures). In addition, especially in measuring large trees, one should take into account changes in shape attributable to decomposition, which may influence the calculation of DW volume. It is recommended that all DW fragments within a circular sampling plot should be measured irrespective of whether the tree from which they derive grew inside or outside the plot.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 795-803
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dokładność wybranych metod określania miąższości drewna sosnowego wyrabianego w kłodach
    Accuracy of selected methods of the determination of Scots pine logs volume
    Autorzy:
    Giedrowicz, A.
    Staniszewski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    surowce drzewne
    drewno sosnowe
    klody
    miazszosc drewna
    metody obliczeniowe
    dokladnosc
    bledy systematyczne
    forest utilization
    timber sell
    timber measurement
    systematic errors
    Opis:
    In 2015, approximately 38.5 million m³ of round wood was harvested in Poland, and this volume is constantly growing. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) occupies about 58.5% of the forest area in Poland and is the species of the most economic importance. Along with the changes in the timber market, mainly due to the development of technology for the harvesting and processing of wood raw materials, the consumers interest in stem wood has increased. The State Forests in Poland have developed their own system for timber volume calculation that is based on the measurement of the under−bark diameter at the thinner end of the log. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of three methods of determining the harvested timber volume: Huber's and Smalian's dendrometric formulas and the method currently used by the State Forests. The study was conducted in the Choczewo Forest District (N Poland). In total, 193 logs collected from five forest ranges and from two forest habitats (fresh mixed broadleaved and fresh mixed coniferous forest) were measured. The relative error calculated as the relative difference between log volume obtained by the dendrometric formula and the real volume determined with section−wise method was statistically analysed. Mean errors obtained with all tested methods of volume determination differ significantly from zero, which indicates the systematic error of volume determination. The greatest errors are generated by the method used by the State Forests. The volume obtained with this method is underestimated on average by over 14%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 892-897
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena zasobów martwego drewna w lasach gospodarczych z względnieniem typów siedliskowych lasu oraz bonitacji gatunku panującego
    Effect of site conditions and site index for the dominant tree species on the amount of deadwood in managed forests
    Autorzy:
    Bujoczek, L.
    Zięba, S.
    Banaś, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989223.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy gospodarcze
    drewno martwe
    miazszosc drewna
    warunki siedliskowe
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    bonitacja siedliska
    coarse woody debris
    snag
    volume
    site productivity
    fertility
    moisture
    Opis:
    The work studied the effects of site conditions on the amount of deadwood (DW) in managed forests in south−western Poland. Measurements included standing dead trees, snags with a diameter at breast height of at least 7 cm, and lying deadwood (logs, branches, uprooted trees, etc.) with a diameter at the thicker end of at least 10 cm. The study excluded snags and deadwood pieces with a diameter of less than 7 cm as well as stumps. Site conditions are presented according to the Polish site classification system taking into account both site fertility and water abundance. With respect of the fertility gradient, sites are classified as dystrophic, oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic. In terms of water abundance, there are two types of sites: mesic (low or very low contribution of groundwater, rainwater, and floodwater, with an approximate springtime water table depth of more than 1.8 m) and moist (moderate or considerable contribution of groundwater, rainwater, and floodwater, with an approximate springtime water table depth of 0.5−1.8 m). We analyzed data from 2522 sampling plots with area ranging from 50 to 500 m² and depending on forest stand age. The plots were established in forest stands older than 21 years old. The predominant tree species in the study area were Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior and Picea abies. In a separate analysis of data from 233 sampling plots, we studied the relationship between DW volume and the site index evaluated using a five−level classification (level I denotes sites with the highest productive capacity). Forest stands aged >80 years with the dominance of Pinus sylvestris were studied. The study showed a significant influence of site conditions on the DW volume in managed forests. Forest stands exhibiting better site conditions not only provided more timber, but also contributed with a greater amount of deadwood to the ecosystem. Forest stands with a site index of I contained as much as 4.9 m³ of DW/ha, while stands with a site index of III only 2.4 m³ of DW/ha. In terms of the 8 studied site types, it was also found that the average volume of DW increased with site fertility. The lowest volume of DW occurred on very nutrient−poor and mesic sites (0.6 m³/ha). In contrast, nutrient−rich and moist sites contained 15 times as much DW (9.5 m³/ha). Of paramount importance was water abundance. The volume of DW on moist sites was on average by 2.2−4.5 m³/ha higher than on mesicsites with the same fertility.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 320-327
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasoby oraz zróżnicowanie martwego drewna w uroczysku Wapienny Las w Nadleśnictwie Polanów
    Quantity and diversity of deadwood in the Wapienny Las forest
    Autorzy:
    Bujoczek, L.
    Bujoczek, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989321.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Nadlesnictwo Polanow
    drzewostany
    uroczysko Wapienny Las
    drewno martwe
    ilosc drewna martwego
    miazszosc drewna
    stopien rozkladu drewna
    coarse woody debris
    snag
    volume
    decay stage
    size classes
    managed forest
    biodiversity
    Opis:
    Managed forests, which account for the vast majority of woodland areas in Poland, play a major role in preserving biodiversity. The objective of this work was to determine the diversity of woody microsites in a managed forest covering 27 ha of land in Polanów Forest District (north−western Poland). The study was conducted in 2014 on 20 sampling plots with an area of 0.04 ha each. An inventory of deadwood was conducted involving standing dead trees, snags, stumps, and lying deadwood with a diameter of at least 7 cm (in the case of standing deadwood, the diameter was measured at breast height). Deadwood was classified according to a five−level decay scale. The studied forest was found to contain an average of 26.9 m³/ha of deadwood from several tree species. Lying deadwood accounted for 17.3 m³/ha, standing dead trees for 0.9 m³/ha, snags for 4.9 m³/ha, and stumps for 3.8 m³/ha. Deadwood in all decay stages was identified. The most abundant category of deadwood was moderately decomposed wood in decay stage III (31.3%), followed by decay stage II (24.4%), and decay stage IV (19.7%). Deadwood (both standing and lying) was also very diverse in terms of piece diameters. The diameter at breast height of standing dead trees was up to 26 cm, and that of snags up to 50 cm. The thickest pieces of lying deadwood were 48 cm in diameter. However, pieces of less than 35 cm in diameter accounted for 96% of the total volume of lying deadwood. The volume of deadwood in the studied forest stand was very large, much higher than the average for Polish forests in general (5.8 m³/ha). Deadwood was highly varied and contributed to a substantial diversity of organisms that depend on it, as shown by previous research. Wapienny Las is an example of a managed forest that plays an important role in preserving woodland biodiversity.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 482-491
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Inwentaryzacja martwego drewna statystyczną metodą reprezentacyjną z zastosowaniem warstw gatunkowo-wiekowych
    Inventory of deadwood by the means of a statistical representative sampling method using species-age layers
    Autorzy:
    Bujoczek, L.
    Bujoczek, M.
    Banaś, J.
    Zięba, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989002.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drewno martwe
    miazszosc drewna
    zasoby drzewne
    szacowanie zasobow
    metody statystyczne
    typy siedliskowe lasu
    gatunki panujace
    wiek drzewostanu
    coarse woody debris
    snags
    measurements
    accuracy
    Opis:
    According to the current forest management manual, deadwood volume should be evaluated on 10% of sampling plots, located in different species−age layers, which are used for determining stand volume in a given forest unit. Sampling plot size differs depending on tree stand age and ranges from 0.005 to 0.05 ha. The results are reported for the entire forest district and by forest site type. The objective of the study was to analyze the accuracy of deadwood volume estimations in the light of the guidelines stipulated in the forest management manual and to find the ways to improve the obtained results. Deadwood volume was measured on 2752 sample plots used to determine stand volume and the mean value calculated on that basis was 5.4 m³/ha. Subsequently, 30 random draws of sampling plots were performed. Estimates based on randomly selected pools consisting of 10% of sampling plots ranged from 3.5 to 8.6 m³/ha. Subsequently, another 10% of sampling plots were randomly drawn and added to the previous ones. The results for 20% of sampling plots were 4.5−7.0 m³/ha, for 30% – 4.3−6.4 m³/ha, for 40% – 4.6−6.4 m³/ha and for 50% – 4.7−6.0 m³/ha. In the next step, 225 sampling plots located in reserves and special zones around the nests of protected species were discarded. The mean volume of deadwood computed for the managed forest areas alone (2527 sample plots) was 4.7 m³/ha. The random drawing procedure was repeated to give the following results: 3.6−6.8 m³/ha for 10% of sampling plots; 3.8−5.8 m³/ha for 20%; 3.9−5.3 m³/ha for 30%; 4.2−5.3 m³/ha for 40%; and 4.2−5.1 m³/ha for 50% of sampling plots. The categorization of the randomly selected sampling plots by forest site type in most cases yielded results significantly differed from the values computed based on all sampling plots. It was found that estimates based on 10% of sampling plots may diverge considerably from true values due to the uneven distribution of deadwood. In particular, managed and unmanaged forest areas should not be combined due to the high differences in the volume of deadwood between them. If a relatively low number of sampling plots is used, it seems advisable to report results only for the forest division as a whole, without a breakdown into site types. Satisfactory estimates for the different forest sites types would require much more work. The use of a greater number of sampling plots than specified in the forest management manual seems to be a fundamental prerequisite for improving the accuracy of deadwood volume estimates.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 02; 114-123
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ sposobu redukcji grubości kory i zaokrąglania wyników na dokładność określania miąższości dłużyc świerka pospolitego z położeń górskich
    Infl uence of a method of reducing bark thickness and rounding of results on accuracy of determination of logs’ volume of Norway spruce from mountain locations
    Autorzy:
    Sulej, J.
    Tomusiak, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/880469.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    drzewa lesne
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    kora drzew
    kora swierkowa
    grubosc kory
    drewno wielkowymiarowe
    drewno swierkowe
    miazszosc drewna
    pomiary
    normy
    norma PN-D-95000
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2018, 20, 2[56]
    1509-1414
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dokładność sposobów określania miąższości dłużyc bez kory według normy PN-D-95000:2002 na przykładzie sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) z terenu Nadleśnictwa Płaska
    Accuracy of methods to determine under bark volume of logs according to the PN-D-95000:2002 standard – a case study of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Płaska Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Polkowski, K.
    Zarzyński, P.
    Tomusiak, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    drewno sosnowe
    dluzyce
    miazszosc drewna
    miazszosc dluzyc bez kory
    pomiary
    metody obliczen
    polskie normy
    norma PN-D-95000:2002
    bark thickness
    bark reduction
    volume of large−sized wood
    under−bark volume
    Opis:
    The State Forests, National Forest Holding operates on the principle of financial independence, and the sale of wood is the primary source of income of the institution. Raw wood is sold with the bark, although the registry applies to the wood without bark. It was hypothesized that the method of bark volume reduction may have a significant impact on the registered volume. The material collected in the Płaska Forest District was used to assess the impact of method of bark volume reduction presented in the PN−D−95000:2002 standard on the volume of Scots pine logs in thinned and harvest stands growing on fresh coniferous forest habitat. Analysis of the accuracy and precision of each method were carried out on the basis of sectional measurements of 180 logs (90 per stand type). Four methods were compared: table deduction depending on the diameter of the stem (method 1), measurement of bark thickness with manual bark gauge (method 2a), mechanical removal of the bark using a spokeshave at the place of measurement (method 2b), and calculation of the log volume with Huber formula and subsequent subtraction of the bark volume determined based on special ratio (method 3). All methods caused negative systematic error, and thus have a constant tendency to underestimate the volume of Scots pine logs. At the same time, the underestimated log volume varies depending on the method used. To the greatest extent it is lowered using method 1, as it differs significantly from the other methods. Slightly smaller errors are characterized by the method 2a, for which the average error rate also differs from the other methods. The smallest errors are provided by methods 2b and 3, between which we found no significant differences. Analyses indicate that the preferred method of determining the volume inside bark is a mechanical removing of bark, measuring the diameter without bark and calculation of the volume with Huber formula. It is also noteworthy to take into account the deduction percentage of bark in the logs of large−sized wood.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 460-468
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zależność wybranych cech drzewostanów od położenia nad poziomem morza na przykładzie Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych
    Dependence of selected stand characteristics on the elevation on the example of the Stolowe Mountains National Park
    Autorzy:
    Miścicki, S.
    Szneidrowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989003.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy gorskie
    Park Narodowy Gor Stolowych
    dynamika drzewostanu
    miazszosc drzew
    miazszosc drewna
    zasobnosc drzewostanu
    zageszczenie drzew
    przyrost miazszosci
    czynniki siedliska
    wysokosc nad poziomem morza
    current volume increment
    elevation zone
    forest renewal
    net changes in standing volume
    tree density
    Opis:
    The elevation is used to illustrate the differences in the structure and growth of mountain forests. The aim of the study was to determine (1) whether the characteristics used to describe the condition and structure of forest stands under protection status (volume of merchantable timber, tree density, total height of trees in the regeneration layer, volume of dead stems, current annual volume increment, volume of dead trees, periodic changes in standing volume) change at the same rate along with the elevation, and (2) whether in mountains without upper montane zone, the values of the selected characteristics of stands located in the highest elevation zone decrease at a low rate with elevation and are comparable to the stands at the same elevation in higher mountains ranges. The study was located at an elevation of 400−909 m a.s.l. in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (PNGS; SW Poland). We used data from the measurements performed in 2009 and 2014 on 358 permanent sample plots. Plots were assigned to one of five elevation zones of 100 m a.s.l. We assumed that the characteristic value decreased with the increase in the elevation, and that such change was the same for all stand characteristics. This hypothesis was verified using the ANOVA for the repeated samples. The calculations were based on standardized values of the characteristics measured on individual sample plots. The higher above sea level the plot was located, the greater share of spruce in the stand (fig. 1). The standing volume (fig. 2), trees density (fig. 3) and current annual volume increment (fig. 6) decreased with elevation, while the volume of dead stems (fig. 4) increased. The net changes in standing volume (fig. 8) were the smallest in the stands located at the lowest and at the highest zone (400−499 and 800−909 m a.s.l.). No significant relationship was found between the total height of trees in the regeneration layer (fig. 5) or the volume of dead trees in the period 2009−2014 (fig. 7) and the elevation. Individual characteristics differed in the rate of changes of their values with elevation (fig. 9). The structure of stands growing at the highest elevation was the most variable. These stands were rather a substitute for the upper montane zone forests. The rate of the observed decrease of the volume of merchantable timber, tree density and current volume increment in the stands of PNGS was higher than in other forests in the Polish mountains.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 02; 131-141
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Martwe drewno – żywy problem
    Dead wood - a living problem
    Autorzy:
    Czerepko, J.
    Hilszczanski, J.
    Jablonski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881687.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
    Tematy:
    lasy
    roznorodnosc biologiczna
    saproksyle
    drewno martwe
    ilosc drewna martwego
    miazszosc
    inwentaryzacja lasu
    inwentaryzacja wielkopowierzchniowa
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2014, 16, 4[41]
    1509-1414
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wydajność pozyskania drewna przy pomocy harwesterów i pilarki spalinowej
    Productivity of timber harvest with the use of a harvester and a chainsaw
    Autorzy:
    Dvorak, J.
    Walczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany swierkowe
    miazszosc drzew
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    wydajnosc pracy
    harwestery
    pilarki spalinowe
    productivity
    productivity standards
    harvester
    diesel chainsaw
    Opis:
    Changes in the performance of harvesters of different power classes depending on the size of felled trees in thinned stands were assessed using a time study method. Results were compared to values from the catalogue for chainsaw performance. Comparison of the productivity of these two ways of harvest indicated that, depending on the volume of the felled tree, it was 6−8.2 times higher for harvesters. However, significant differences in productivity between harvester classes were also found. For felling trees with sizes up to 0.07 m 3 , the productivity of a small−power harvester is about 30% higher than that of a medium and high−power ones.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 03; 171-176
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział oraz dokładność szacowania pozostałości zrębowych w ogólnej masie pozyskanego drewna
    Share and accuracy of estimation of logging residues in the total volume of harvested timber
    Autorzy:
    Gendek, A.
    Wężyk, P.
    Moskalik, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    miazszosc
    biomasa drzewna
    szacowanie biomasy
    timber harvesting
    forest biomass
    logging residues
    estimation
    Opis:
    Due to the observed impacts of climate change on the natural environment, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing, especially in the last decades. One of the possibilities in this respect is the use of forest biomass, especially that one which comes from logging residues. This type of wood raw material is obtained primarily in mature forests and during late thinnings. Estimation of the expected volume of logging residues from a particular cutting site is currently carried out in the State Forests, National Forest Holding with an accuracy oscillating at an acceptable level of ±40%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the share of logging residues in the total volume of the harvested biomass and to determine the difference and error between the estimated volume to be sold and actually harvested. The research was carried out at the 164 logging sites located in 10 forest districts of north−eastern part of Poland. The average volume of logging residues was 37.7 ±14.4 m3/ha, and the average error of their estimation was –6.1%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 679-687
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasoby martwego drewna leżącego w drzewostanach sosny zwyczajnej i sosny czarnej na wydmach nadmorskich w rezerwacie "Mierzeja Sarbska"
    Coarse woody debris in European black pine and Scots pine stands in "Sarbska Spit" Forest Reserve
    Autorzy:
    Tomusiak, R.
    Mostrag, A.
    Kedziora, W.
    Wilczak, A.
    Dominiecki, A.
    Lecyk, M.
    Wojtan, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/882362.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    sosna czarna
    Pinus nigra
    drewno martwe lezace
    lezanina
    miazszosc
    ilosc drewna martwego
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Mierzeja Sarbska
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2014, 16, 4[41]
    1509-1414
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena dokładności określenia zasobności drzewostanów w obrębowej metodzie inwentaryzacji zapasu
    Accuracy assessment of stand volume determination in district inventory method
    Autorzy:
    Nowakowska, J.
    Wójcik, R.
    Sierdziński, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    urzadzanie lasu
    drzewostany
    zasobnosc drzewostanu
    zapas drewna
    inwentaryzacja lasu
    metoda obrebowa
    miazszosc drzew
    cechy taksacyjne
    dokladnosc pomiaru
    district inventory method
    volume
    inventory features
    Opis:
    The research revealed an increase in accuracy of stand volume determination at induvidual stand and groups of stands level. Errors appeared in determination of such features as stand quality class, average diameter breast high of stand, average height and stocking index.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 08; 535-544
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamika zasobów martwych drzew w ścisłym rezerwacie przyrody Świnia Góra
    Dynamics of the dead wood resources in the Swinia Gora strict nature reserve
    Autorzy:
    Mielczarczyk, J.
    Miścicki, S.
    Lepa, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985781.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Swinia Gora
    rezerwaty scisle
    drzewa martwe
    drzewa martwe lezace
    drzewa martwe stojace
    stopien rozkladu drewna
    zasoby drzewne
    drzewa zywe
    miazszosc drzew
    dynamika zasobow
    decay stage
    decomposition
    log
    replenishment
    silver fir
    snag
    stump
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to characterize the state and dynamics of dead wood resources in the stands of the Świnia Góra strict forest reserve, which was excluded from use for a longer period of time (from 1938/1953), and to compare the results with the state and dynamics of living trees resources. The reserve covers 51 hectares of an upland forest in the Świętokrzyska Forest (central Poland). Data was collected in 2000, 2007 and 2014 on 95 systematically distributed 500 m2 sample plots. The location and dimensions of living trees, standing dead trees (snags, including stumps) and downed trees (logs) on each sample plot were determined and measured. The decay stages of dead wood were estimated using a four−point scale classification. The average volume of dead wood was 198 ±32 m3/ha (43 ±8% of living trees) in 2000 and 138 ±17 m3/ha (24 ±3%) in 2014 (fig. 1). The ratio of the volume of snags to logs decreased from 30 ±5% in 2000 to 24 ±6% in 2014. Silver fir was the dominant species among both living and dead trees (fig. 2). The share of dead wood volume in decay stages 1 and 2 was the highest among snags, while in stages 2 and 3 – among logs. The number of highly decomposed wood increased in the period 2000−2014 (fig. 3). The decay rate of wood calculated over a 7−year period was more rapid for logs (fig. 4). In the period of 14 years, 119 ±23 m3/ha of dead wood underwent a complete decomposition. Volume of trees that died within that period was 59 ±10 m3/ha (fig. 5). The complete decomposition of snags amounted to 64 ±10% and logs to 58 ±5% of the initial dead wood volume. The dead wood resources in the investigated period were not balanced: the amount of decayed wood was larger than the amount of wood replenishing the resources. The lack of this balance was due to the lack of the balance of living trees – dead wood resources were insufficiently replenished by trees that had died during analysed 14 years. The dead wood resources at a level of approximately 200−230 m3/ha might be balanced via their continuous replenishment by newly died trees in the amount close to the current volume increment.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 04; 295-304
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany zachodzące w lasach Ziemi Kłodzkiej w latach 2001-2017
    Changes in the forests of the Kłodzko Region in years 2001-2017
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985721.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Ziemia Klodzka
    lasy
    sklad gatunkowy
    zmiany skladu gatunkowego
    klasy wieku
    struktura drzewostanu
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    zlomy
    wykroty
    posusz
    miazszosc surowca drzewnego
    zmiany w drzewostanach
    dynamika zmian
    zagrozenia drzewostanow
    lata 2001-2017
    species composition
    stand age structure
    timber harvest
    damage caused by wind and drought
    stand
    growth model
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to assess the changes occurring in the forests of the Kłodzko Region in the recent period (2001−2017), with particular emphasis on the species composition of the stands, their share in age classes and the structure of harvested timber, including live trees, deadwood, wind−broken and wind−fallen trees. The Kłodzko Region located in the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland) covers the forests of four forest districts: Lądek−Zdrój, Międzylesie, Bystrzyca Kłodzka and Zdroje. The declining share of spruce stands (from 83.5% in 2001 to 75.5% in 2017) and the increasing share of beech and larch as well as sycamore stands indicate that these forests are systematically rebuilt. The average age of the stands is very high (81 years). The share of young (<20 years old ) stands is low (only 5%), while those older than 100 years constitute about 35%. The 21st century saw a serious damage to the investigated forests caused by frequent strong winds and long−lasting droughts in the growing seasons. The three hurricanes that took place in the analysed period were the cause of the removal of 1.1 million m3 of timber in the form of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees. The drought in the growing season in 2015 resulted in the salvage harvest of deadwood with a total volume of 1.6 million m3, which corresponds to the volume of four annual allowable cuts determined for the undisturbed growth conditions of trees in the area under research. Using the wind damage risk model, the threat measure Ms reaching a value of above 40 was calculated for the forests of the Kłodzko Region, which are currently among the most threatened in Poland. This threat results mainly from the high share of spruce stands in older age classes with high average height and gaps after previous hurricanes as well as from a large area of stands located at high elevations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 08; 675-684
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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